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This study evaluated the effects of dietary supplementation with a postbiotic extract of Bifidobacterium breve BB091109 on pro-inflammatory cytokines levels and markers of endocrine function. A prospective, double-blind, placebocontrolled, randomized, single-centered, parallel study was conducted on a group of 40–55-year-old females. The study included 30 healthy females, divided into two groups: a supplement (n  =  20) and a placebo (n  =  10) groups. Blood and saliva samples were collected at baseline (wk0), after 4  weeks (wk 4) and 12  weeks (12wk) of daily supplementation (500  mg), and 4  weeks (wk 16) after termination of supplementation. The levels of fasting CRP, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α, IFN-γ, DHEA, estradiol, estriol, progesterone, cortisol and human growth hormone were analysed. The results revealed a significant effect of the 90-day supplementation with B. breve postbiotic extract on changes in CRP, IL-6 levels, DHEA, estradiol and estriol. In conclusion, the supplementation with the B. breve postbiotic extract improved endocrine function in females over 40  years old and induced protective changes in inflammatory markers. These findings highlight the potential health benefits of this supplementation in promoting hormonal balance and reducing inflammation in this population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights: [•] The bifidobacterial β-galactosidase BbgIV was immobilised on various supports. [•] The immobilisation yield exceeded 90% using Q-Sepharose and DEAE-Cellulose. [•] Immobilisation significantly increased the operational stability of BbgIV up to 55°C. [•] Synthesis of galactooligosaccharides was further improved using immobilised BbgIV. [•] A robust process including 6 successive synthesis batches was developed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights: [•] Prebiotic feeding elevated BDNF and NR1subunit mRNAs, in the rat hippocampus. [•] The GOS prebiotic increased cortical NR1, d-serine, and hippocampal NR2A subunits. [•] GOS feeding elevated plasma levels of the gut peptide PYY. [•] GOS plasma increased BDNF release from human SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells. [•] BDNF secretion from cells by GOS plasma was blocked by PYY antisera. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]