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This paper aimed to discuss the areal extent and spatial structure of neighborhood, called tol, which possibly demarcate urban tissue with respect to worship of the deity and funerary acts. Bhaktapur is known as one of the historical cities of the World Heritage Site in Kathmandu Valley. The analysis firstly focuses on the dwelling distributions that have the common votary area of the guardian deities' temples/shrines and the use of the same crossing for funerary acts. Then, the authors compare those dwelling distribution with the areal extent of tols to find out how tol boundaries were formed. This result will be a precondition to conduct further examination on historical urban formation in the coming paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper deals with the exterior design of townhouses in an urban block of the eastern part of Bhaktapur in Kathmandu Valley. The primary purpose is to provide an analysis method to determine the typical combination among exterior design components of Nepalese townhouses. By using multiple correspondence analysis and cluster analysis, 118 samples are grouped into 13 clusters. Secondly, all the clustered samples were put onto the original plots on the map to see the characteristics of their locations. Such a process would help a designer/planner reflect on how they should compose a proper facade in reconstruction works of townhouses after the earthquake in 2015. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper deals with the exterior design of townhouses both inside and outside the Historic Monument Zone in the eastern part of Bhaktapur of Kathmandu Valley inscribed on the World Cultural Heritage List in 1979. This paper consists of following steps. First, the authors compose the original format of the survey sheet for Nepali townhouses. Second, the paper hypothesizes that a townhouse either experienced an extension of the upper floors or was totally reconstructed in the course of time. The authors propose "eaves types" as the key idea in this hypothesis. The result of the exterior design survey is primarily compared between inside and outside the Historic Monument Zone of the World Cultural Heritage site. Further comparison among eaves group or eaves types is done. Finally, eaves types are confirmed with the floor extension/reconstruction period demarcated by past devastating earthquakes. The result of the comparison again very well explained the characteristics of each eaves type. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]