1. Adapting time domain reflectometry to measure surface moisture of sand‐based putting greens.
- Author
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O'Brien, Daniel, Richardson, Michael, and Karcher, Douglas
- Subjects
REFLECTOMETRY ,BERMUDA grass ,MOISTURE ,BATHYMETRY ,GOLF courses ,AGROSTIS - Abstract
Managing root zone moisture is critical to both the health and performance of sand‐based golf course putting greens. Ensuring adequate water for root uptake while preserving firm, dry surfaces is an ever‐present challenge. Time domain reflectometry (TDR) is an accepted technology for obtaining objective, nondestructive measurements of volumetric water content (VWC). However, portable TDR meters have limited ability to describe VWC near the surface, the region that ultimately defines putting green quality. The objective of this research was to expand the measurement capabilities of an existing TDR meter to estimate VWC in the uppermost 1.2 and 2.5 cm of sand‐based putting greens. Spacer‐blocks were constructed to effectively reduce the measurement depth of the Field Scout TDR300 (Spectrum Technologies Inc.). Samples from creeping bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera L.) and ultradwarf bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. × C. transvaalensis Burtt Davy] putting greens were removed, saturated, and dried for various intervals so that measurements with the modified TDR300 could be correlated to gravimetrically determined ground‐truth VWC. At both 1.2 and 2.5 cm, highly significant (p <.0001) quadratic prediction models were produced, with R2 values of 0.93 and 0.96, respectively. The use of spacer‐blocks expanded the capabilities of the TDR300, providing additional VWC data near the surface, thus creating a more comprehensive depiction of putting green moisture. The methods developed in this research have implications beyond turfgrass and may provide valuable information for studying seedling germination, disease development, or other situations where shallow, non‐destructive VWC measurements are beneficial. Core ideas: Measurement capabilities of portable time domain reflectometry (TDR) meters can be expanded by using spacer‐blocks.Modified TDR meters can estimate volumetric water content (VWC) at new, shallower depths of 1.2 and 2.5 cm.Quadratic prediction models provide good estimates of VWC across a range of conditions.Linear models tend to overestimate VWC at the lower end of observed values.Surface VWC measurements have potential use beyond golf course putting greens. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
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