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Behçet's disease (BD) is a multisystem disease which may affect many organ systems in addition to the originally described triple symptom complex. Pulmonary aneurysm is one of the rare complications of the disease. We report a case of bilateral pulmonary aneurysm in which usual criteria for the clinical diagnosis of BD were absent and we believe that pulmonary aneurysm could be the first appearance of the disease.

The observation of 3 cases has prompted the authors to review the characteristics of vascular abnormalities that may be found in Behçet's disease. These lesions, the frequency of which has diversely been estimated, involve the veins more often than the arteries. Arterial lesions occur, after a varying length of time, as occlusions or aneurysms, both treated by surgery. Phlebitis and venous thrombosis may be complicated by severe pulmonary embolism and therefore require anticoagulant therapy.