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The bearing state signal collected by the vibration sensor contains a large amount of environmental noise in actual processes, which leads to a reduction in the accuracy of the convolutional network in identifying bearing faults. To solve this problem, a one-dimensional convolutional neural network with a multiscale kernel (MSK-1DCNN) is proposed for the classification information enhancement of the input. A two-layer multiscale convolution structure (MSK) is used at the front of the network. MSK has five convolutional kernels with different sizes, and those kernels are used to extract features with varying resolutions in the original signal. In the multiscale convolution structure, the ELU activation function is used instead of the ReLU function to improve the antinoise ability of MSK-1DCNN, also by adding pepper noise to the training set data to destroy the input data and forcing the network to learn more representative features to improve the robustness of the network. Experimental results illustrate that the improved methods proposed in this paper effectively enhance the diagnostic performance of MSK-1DCNN under intense noise, and the diagnostic accuracy is higher than that of other comparison algorithms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]