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This study presents a comprehensive framework for understanding the key opportunities and barriers in implementing Industry 4.0 (I4.0) in Tunisian medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), using MICMAC (Matrice d’Impacts Croisés, Multiplication Appliquée à un Classement) and DEMATEL (Decision-Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory) methodologies, supported by a literature review and expert consultations. Both methods identify crucial opportunities such as digital collaboration and real-time information, along with barriers like under-utilization of academic knowledge and insufficient leadership commitment. While MICMAC emphasizes risk management, not fully recognized by DEMATEL, both converge on similar barriers with nuanced prioritization. Comparing these findings with existing literature highlights commonalities and differences in opportunities and barriers. The study underscores the importance of integrating sustainability and cost reduction into I4.0 frameworks and suggests incorporating technological readiness, leadership support, and innovative business models. For practical implementation, decision-makers should invest in advanced manufacturing technologies, foster collaboration with technology providers, and initiate pilot projects. Enhancing operational agility and efficiency through integrated digital platforms and adaptable systems is essential. Addressing barriers involves securing management support, improving technical expertise, managing resistance to change, and boosting research and development efforts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although the Internet of Things (IoT) has aroused much interest as a potential approach for improving various construction activities, the extent of its adoption remains limited. The multiple barriers that prevent the wider adoption of IoT in the construction industry need detailed investigation. However, limited research has attempted to understand the barriers to IoT adoption. Therefore, this study aims to identify the critical barriers to IoT adoption in the construction industry and explore the prioritization and hierarchical structure of the barriers factors. Data were collected from relevant literature and feedback from Chinese industry experts, sixteen barriers against IoT adoption were identified and categorized based on the TOE framework assessed in the construction industry. An integrated interpretation structure model and decision-making and trial evaluation laboratory (ISM-DEMATEL) approach is adopted to analyze the interdependence between identified constructs and their intensities. In addition, the identified constructs are also clustered into a suitable group using MICMAC analysis. Results show that inadequate infrastructure, lack of governance, and top management support are the fundamental barrier against IoT adoption. By revealing the mutual relationships and interlinking of barriers, this study will help researchers and practitioners in the construction industry to focus on strategic efforts to overcome these obstacles to effective IoT implementation. This research revealed the barriers to IoT implementation in the Chinese construction industry. Also, it provides methodological tool references for exploring the impact factor of other similar innovative technology applied in this industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Blockchain is an emerging technology with a wide array of potential applications. This technology, which underpins cryptocurrency, provides an immutable, decentralised, and transparent distributed database of digital assets for use by firms in supply chains. However, not all firms are appropriately suited to adopt blockchain in the existing supply chain primarily due to their lack of knowledge on the benefits of this technology. Using Total Interpretive Structural Modelling (TISM) and Cross-Impact Matrix Multiplication Applied to Classification (MICMAC), this paper identifies the adoption barriers, examines the interrelationships between them to the adoption of blockchain technology, which has the potential to revolutionise supply chains. The TISM technique supports developing a contextual relationship-based structural model to identify the influential barriers. MICMAC classifies the barriers in blockchain adoption based on their strength and dependence. The results of this research indicate that the lack of business awareness and familiarity with blockchain technology on what it can deliver for future supply chains, are the most influential barriers that impede blockchain adoption. These barriers hinder and impact businesses decision to establish a blockchain-enabled supply chain and that other barriers act as secondary and linked variables in the adoption process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Quality is essential in today’s competitive market to ensure customers are happy; recent research shows that about 90% of customers think quality is just as important as price when purchasing. Total quality management (TQM) has been a boon to the economies of many countries. Different tools and methods are used in TQM to give customers the best quality. However, there are some challenges that manufacturing organizations face when implementing these tools. Much research has been done on MSME sector, so far as label manufacturers are concerned, there has yet to be any research on a national or international level. In this study, we found 66 barriers to programs to improve quality in the label printing industry. We have used fuzzy MICMAC analysis and total interpretive modeling (TISM) to make a structural model. Our research paper provides an easy-to-use methodology and critically analyses the biggest obstacles to the successful application of TQM in the flexographic printing industry. Our research identified ten issues with the implementation of TQM in this industry. The paper has identified the interdependencies of the above variables. The findings of this research will aid in future planning, particularly in E-commerce and the pharmaceutical industry, where proper label printing is crucial.

The research work identifies and priorities the factors affecting agri-logistics causing wastage of the agricultural products during its transit from farm to the point of consumption so that logistics mechanism for agriculture sector in India can be optimised by removing the barriers leading to hindrances in safe, timely, economical and good condition delivery of the agri consignment. The field of agri-logistics remains at the crucial nexus of the agricultural and logistics industries and has the potential to improve the nation's system for distributing food. The post-harvest wastage in India has been massive due to inefficiencies agri-logistics management and faulty food distribution mechanism. It is an exploratory study that along the factors (barriers) identified and synthesised from literature review of the concerned area. The identified barriers were reduced and finalised in consultation with the experts using Delphi technique. With the help of ISM questionnaire, a model has been developed reflecting the drivers and dependents out of the barriers considered for the study. The result is further validated through MICMAC analysis. The result of the study has come up with the interpretive structure model depicting hierarchy of the barriers pushing from down to top causing agriculture wastage. The paper holds originality in the sense that it comes up with fresh perspectives on the factors causing hindrances in the efficient logistics operation that certainly helps to minimise wastage of the agri-products in the post-harvest stages. The identification of the barriers and their detriments to the other factors will help to take essential steps on how to overcome the issues and optimize the agri-logistics that would minimise the agri-wastage in India and prove to be a game changer to the agri-trade sector.

Technologies are developing at a fast rate in which every new technology has an ample range of applications. Digitalization has taken rapid strides over the last few years which plays an important role in Industry 4.0. The digital revolution is fundamentally changing the way people live and work, and the public is optimistic about the opportunities Industry 4.0 can offer for sustainability. All organizations or industries have not been equipped with the latest technologies to adopt digitalization. This is mainly due to the lack of knowledge and expertise and unclear benefits of the technology. The study identifies the potential barriers in the adoption of digital technologies through two processes namely Total Interpretive Structural Modelling (TISM) and Matrix Multiplication Applied to Classification (MICMAC) analysis. Using these models, the study interprets the barriers and analyses the relationship between the barriers. The barriers need to be treated on a priority basis and must be eliminated to successfully adopt digital technologies. From the developed TISM model and MICMAC analysis, the most influential barrier for the adoption of digital technologies in Industry 4.0 are negative perception towards technology because, this barrier will not depend on other barriers and hence managers must give a topmost priority to avoid the disruption in the system for the adoption of digital technologies. The study talks about other key barriers which influence the implementation of Industry 4.0, some of them being unclear benefits and lack of awareness. These barriers act as the primary variables which disturb the system and hinder the approach while additional barriers pose as secondary variables in the system. This research aims to help Industry 4.0 stakeholders – public and private sector leaders, industrialists– to get a lot more clarity on the opportunities that the digital revolution can offer for sustainability and to ensure that Industry 4.0 delivers sustainable functions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study aims to build a structural model based on Total interpretive structural modeling (TISM) to analyze barriers affecting healthcare waste management (HCWM). Through scanning of literature and expert opinion, a total of fifteen barriers are recognized. Inputs acquired from the professionals in the field are used to develop the TISM model, and Cross impact matrix multiplication is applied to classification investigation to sort out the factors. From the TISM model, five barriers are identified as drivers. We identified two of these five barriers: 'No support from top authorities' and 'No support from the government.' MICMAC analysis classifies four barriers as dependent, five as driving, and the remaining six as linkages. The author's original contribution is to develop a model to analyze barriers influencing HCWM. This paper helps to complete the research gap by providing the different characteristics of barriers. This study clarifies that good coordination of hospitals with other authorities is necessary to properly implement healthcare waste management services. Government support will also play a vital role, and the Involvement of top management of hospitals is required to organize everything properly. Case studies and structural equation modeling (SEM) can be applied to explain further and support the findings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Quality is essential in today's competitive market to ensure customers are happy; recent research shows that about 90% of customers think quality is just as important as price when purchasing. Total quality management (TQM) has been a boon to the economies of many countries. Different tools and methods are used in TQM to give customers the best quality. However, there are some challenges that manufacturing organizations face when implementing these tools. Much research has been done on MSME sector, so far as label manufacturers are concerned, there has yet to be any research on a national or international level. In this study, we found 66 barriers to programs to improve quality in the label printing industry. We have used fuzzy MICMAC analysis and total interpretive modeling (TISM) to make a structural model. Our research paper provides an easy-to-use methodology and critically analyses the biggest obstacles to the successful application of TQM in the flexographic printing industry. Our research identified ten issues with the implementation of TQM in this industry. The paper has identified the interdependencies of the above variables. The findings of this research will aid in future planning, particularly in E-commerce and the pharmaceutical industry, where proper label printing is crucial. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Repurposing of an existing manufacturing plant is an emerging field due to the increase in emergencies of the covid-19 pandemic with the need of rapid responses which has a wide range of potential applications in sustainment of the manufacturing plant in these unfavourable times and helping of the economy. It makes the manufacturing plant adaptable to changes, makes it productive by manufacturing products that are currently in demand, prevents the dissolution of the plant and thus harvests the maximum potential of the manufacturing plant in the need of an emergency. However, not many industries and plants are suited to make the appropriate changes and lack knowledge on how to proceed to do so. The paper identifies the barriers that are faced in the transition for repurposing a general manufacturing plant to a more suited plant for current emergencies that need rapid response. These barriers hinder the repurposing of the manufacturing plant and impact the business decisions to establish a manufacturing plant suited for emergency situations. Surveys and information from various experts in this field are used to identify these barriers and document their interdependencies and influence on one another. The data is graphed and analysed utilizing TISM (Total Interpretive Structural Modelling) and MICMAC (Cross-Impact Matrix Multiplication Applied to Classification) methodology to further examine by classifying and ranking the relationships. Analysing the relationships between barriers leads to effective decisions towards the successful adoption of repurposing of manufacturing plant. A contextual relationship based structural table called interpretive table and structural model is made to pinpoint influential barriers. Thus, the research explains and explores significant barriers to the adoption of repurposing in manufacturing plant and not only provides a strong methodological and contextual contribution with the help of TISM and MICMAC but also gives research a sense of links of the barriers across various levels. On a practical level, the study is immensely useful to help manufacturing plants overcome repercussions due to disruptions by modifying existing practice and business model to a new model which synchronizes with the new normal to increase the efficiency and survivability of the plant. The result of the research points out that strategical, cultural, technological, and innovation barriers are the most influential barrier in repurposing of manufacturing plant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There has been a huge and transformational change in the E-learning sector after the growth in internet in India and Covid 19 pandemic. The number of E-learning websites and platforms for the media students have increased manifold. Although India is one of the leading countries which is concentrating on developing its online education system, yet in some parts of India imparting education through e-learning still seems to be an insurmountable task. This study aims to identify the key barriers hindering adoption of e-learning among media students in India to analyze the inter-contextual relationships among them. For this, initially an extensive review of literature has been done followed by in-depth interviews of 30 media academicians, e-learning experts and media professionals to identify the key barriers. Finally, Interpretive Structural Modeling (ISM) has been applied to represent the key barriers in a hierarchical paradigm showing contextual interrelationships among them. Results represent 12 major barriers evolved from the literature review and the interviews for which a hierarchical paradigm was developed showing contextual interrelationships among key barriers at different five levels. The results solicit value to researchers, academicians and practitioners by revealing valuable insights related to key barriers hindering the adoption of e-learning among Media students in India. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the emergence of Building Information Modelling (BIM) as central to construction design, planning, execution and maintenance, integration into the entire infrastructure sustainability process is imperative for achieving sustainable development. Despite its immense benefit of aiding compliance to sustainable construction, potential barriers continue to widen the gap in implementation. Therefore, this study adopts the "interpretive structural modelling approach" to advance a ranked structure of the interrelatedness of the barriers to integrating BIM in buildings sustainability assessment. The "Matrice d'Impacts croises-multipication applique a classement analysis (MICMAC)" was utilised to categorise the identified adoption barriers in the model. The identified barriers and relationship with themselves are valuable in discussing the challenges to BIM-based LCA and developing policies and design decisions to drive the process further. Further, it adds to the emerging discussion of BIM from the life cycle sustainability assessment perspective for infrastructure. The findings are critical for policy, stakeholders and extending the body of knowledge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Collaborative planning, forecasting and replenishment (CPFR) as an interconnection scheme between organisations have been shown to have significant benefits. Since its inception in the 1990s, its uptake has been lower than originally predicted. This paper identifies the major barriers and their interrelationships in CPFR implementations with a focus on high-tech industries. Interpretive Structural Modelling is used with a group of CPFR experts from industry/academia and Matrice d’Impacts Croisés Multiplication Appliquée àun Classement analysis to identify the driving and dependence powers. The paper identified 45 CPFR barriers and classifies them into four categories based on expert opinion, with only 13 of these determined to be significant. The results indicate that in terms of categories, managerial barriers are a significant root cause for both process and cultural barriers and CPFR implementation difficulties. It also indicates that although the importance of information technology to launch collaborative schemes has been addressed by many scholars, technology alone is not the complete solution for successful CPFR implementation. The paper has significant practical implications for organisations as it identifies the main CPFR barriers and their causal relationships. This will help firms in the process of CPFR strategy development particularly for mitigation strategies for dominant barriers. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

• The proposed framework shows the hierarchy and inter-relationship between the barriers of agriculture 4.0. • A hybrid methodology of ISM and MICMAC is used for modeling. • The study can help policy makers to understand the barriers of agriculture 4.0 and their interrelationships. • Furthermore, it would help them focus their efforts on removing the most important barriers and initiating corrective actions. Agriculture 4.0 technologies like the internet of things, machine learning, unmanned aerial vehicles, big data analytics, robotics, and artificial intelligence can benefit all stages and processes of the agricultural production chain. However, there are no suitable frameworks aimed at creating strategies to overcome the barriers that hinder agriculture 4.0. In developing countries, discussions about this scenario are less comprehensive and require more attention. This is the case of Brazil, one of the major players in agribusiness in the world, which has great potential to expand the reach of agriculture 4.0. The objective of this research is to propose a framework to manage the barriers to the introduction of agriculture 4.0 to the agricultural production chain in the southern region of Brazil. Twenty-five barriers were selected through a Systematic Literature Review (SLR). The barriers were validated through the perception of farmers, and a confirmatory factor analysis was adopted in the validation process. Next, specialists in the field developed contextual relationships between the barriers. The Interpretive Structural Modeling (ISM) method was applied, as well as the Matrix Impact of Cross Multiplication Applied to Classification (MICMAC) analysis, which allowed identifying the barriers of agriculture 4.0 that have a high driving power and those that are dependent. The proposed framework shows the hierarchy between the barriers of agriculture 4.0, highlighting their different relationships and thus highlighting which ones should be prioritized for a more successful implementation. This study provides a better understanding of the existing literature on the barriers of agriculture 4.0 and identifies the practical implications that affect its implementation. It is hoped that this study will serve as a guide to the implementation of agriculture 4.0 by helping to direct the efforts towards the removal of the most important barriers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract In the context of the scope, time, cost, and quality constraints, failure is not uncommon in project management. While small projects have 70% chances of success, large projects virtually have no chance of meeting the quadruple constraints. While there is no dearth of research on project risk management, the manifestation of barriers to project risk management is a less dwelt topic. The success of project management is oftentimes based on the understanding of barriers to effective risk management, application of appropriate risk management methodology, proactive leadership to avoid barriers, workers’ attitude, adequate resources, organizational culture, and involvement of top management. This paper represents various risk categories and barriers to risk management in domestic and international projects through literature survey and feedback from project professionals. After analysing the various modelling methods used in project risk management literature, interpretive structural modelling (ISM) and MICMAC analysis have been used to analyse interactions among the barriers and prioritize them. The analysis indicates that lack of top management support, lack of formal training, and lack of addressing cultural differences are the high priority barriers, among many others.

In recent years managing solid wastes has been one of the burning problems in front of state and local municipal authorities. This is mainly due to scarcity of lands for landfill sites. In this context experts suggest that conversion of solid waste to energy and useful component is the best approach to reduce space and public health related problems. The entire process has to be managed by technologies that prevent pollution and protect the environment and at the same time minimize the cost through recovery of energy. Energy recovery in the form of electricity, heat and fuel from the waste using different technologies is possible through a variety of processes, including incineration, gasification, pyrolysis and anaerobic digestion. These processes are often grouped under “Waste to Energy technologies”. The objective of the study is twofold. First authors assessed the current status of solid waste management practices in India. Secondly the leading barriers are identified and Interpretive structural modeling technique and MICMAC analysis is performed to identify the contextual interrelationships between leading barriers influencing the solid waste to energy programs in the country. Finally the conclusions are drawn which will assist policy makers in designing sustainable waste management programs.

In the context of the scope, time, cost, and quality constraints, failure is not uncommon in project management. While small projects have 70% chances of success, large projects virtually have no chance of meeting the quadruple constraints. While there is no dearth of research on project risk management, the manifestation of barriers to project risk management is a less dwelt topic. The success of project management is oftentimes based on the understanding of barriers to effective risk management, application of appropriate risk management methodology, proactive leadership to avoid barriers, workers’ attitude, adequate resources, organizational culture, and involvement of top management. This paper represents various risk categories and barriers to risk management in domestic and international projects through literature survey and feedback from project professionals. After analysing the various modelling methods used in project risk management literature, interpretive structural modelling (ISM) and MICMAC analysis have been used to analyse interactions among the barriers and prioritize them. The analysis indicates that lack of top management support, lack of formal training, and lack of addressing cultural differences are the high priority barriers, among many others. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to identify, prioritize and establish the relationship among the set of career entry barriers of women employed in the male dominated occupations. It addresses the following research questions: What are the key barriers that restrict the career entry of women in male dominated occupations? Which are the most significant barriers and how these barriers are related to each-other? A literature review method was used to identify the career entry barriers that was further validated through semi-structured interviews of women employed in the Indian railways. The interpretive structural modeling (ISM) method was used to establish a hierarchical relationship among the set of identified barriers. The Matrice d'Impacts Croisés Multiplication Appliquée á un Classement (MICMAC) analysis was administered to classify the barriers based on their driving and dependence power. A set of eleven career entry barriers are found crucial for restricting women's career entry in the male dominated occupations. Three barriers namely 'social norms', 'organizational policies and procedures' and 'job description' emerged as the most influential barriers. Therefore, any action performed on these barriers can have a multiplier effect on the remaining barriers identified in this study. The ISM model helped in asserting the inter-linkage among the career entry barriers that dampen the participation and attractiveness among women to enter such occupations. The proposed ISM model for interaction and ranking of barriers can provide the academicians, practitioners, and policymakers a more realistic representation of the reasons for the negligible ratio of women in the male dominated occupations. Gender and discrimination theories can validate the findings of this study using case study method. The findings will be beneficial as it promotes more studies of similar nature in other divisions of Indian Railways as well as in the developing countries like Pakistan, Bangladesh and other South Asian countries to find the commonality and differences. Practitioners can use ISM model and MICMAC analysis to better understand women's career entry barriers and explore as where to channelize their efforts and resources towards change in the organizational structure, system, and processes to facilitate women's ratio in the male dominated occupations. A key contribution of this study is the development of a contextual relationship among identified set of career entry barriers. As per the researchers' knowledge, this study is one of the first attempts to provide a hierarchical relationship among the career entry barriers from the world's fourth-largest railway network context (Ministry of Railways, 2021). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The major theme of this research is to understand and model the interpretive features of barriers of Service Supply Chain Management in an Indian telecom service supply chain by considering a case organization. ISM is a well-proven system modelling approach for analyzing the synergic influences of various attributes to the overall system under study. The unique feature of ISM is that it analyzes the attributes based on their driving power and dependence. In the current study, the ISM has been developed for a leading Indian telecom service provider. The barriers in the service supply chain have been identified and subjected to study. Initial reachability metrics and final reachability metrics have been made. The hierarchy of various barriers has been established based on the outcomes of the final reachability metrics. The diagraphs have been constructed (i) considering transitivity and (ii) without considering transitivity. Finally MICMAC analysis has been carried out categorize the barriers in to four clusters. The paper is concluded with action plans and scopes for future work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this twenty-first century, our country is still incurring significant post-harvest losses. Most of the cold storage facilities are based on conventional energy intensive process with outdated technologies. Improper storage and cold treatment infrastructure reduces the life and deteriorates the quality of perishable products. Supply chain practitioners adopted the green cold chain management practices to overcome numerous challenges associated with developing the cold chain network. Literature review reported that green cold chain management is underdeveloping phase in India, but these practices have gained huge popularity in the western world. The purpose of the paper is to identify necessary barriers, determine hierarchical and contextual relationships between variables influencing green cold chain practices in India. Here researcher used interpretive structural methodology that uses systematic application of some elementary notions of graph theory approach and Boolean algebra to construct directed graph. Further the dependence and driving power of variables are categorised using MICMAC analysis. The formulation of strategy considers barriers of green cold chain management, i.e.: (1) High capital costs of renewable projects, (2) Outdated technology, (3) Poor cold chain network, (4) Lack of skilled manpower, (5) Poor cold storage Infrastructure, (6) Cold chain sterilisation with chemicals, (7) Lack of reverse logistics, (8) Lack of information system infrastructure, (9) Lack of government support, and (10) Non-recyclable packaging. The findings suggest that cold chain infrastructure and government support are key drivers of green cold chain practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reverse logistics (RL) is crucial for construction and demolition (C&D) waste management. In practice, information sharing (IS) is considered as an effective means to strengthen the coordination among stakeholders, so as to deliver in time, reduce costs, and address the mismatch between demand and supply of RL. However, the adoption of IS in RL of C&D waste is dissatisfactory due to various barriers, and these barriers inevitably affect each other. Furthermore, the interrelationships among barriers systematically affect the significance of each barrier in the adoption of IS because a particular barrier could present significant challenges to IS through its interrelationship with other barriers. Prior studies have explored strategies to remove these barriers, but few analyzed their complex interrelationships. To fill the gap, this study aims to identify the major barriers systematically and to analyze their hierarchical relationships by using interpretive structural modeling (ISM) and Matrice d'Impacts Croisés Multiplication Appliquée à un Classement (MICMAC). To start with, a total of 23 preliminary barriers were identified through relevant literatures. Then, 14 major barriers were screened out and the adjacency matrix was established through the feedback from the 11 experts. The corresponding reachability matrix was obtained with Python software, and a hierarchical structure was developed to further analysis. These major barriers were classified into multiple categories based on the calculation of driving power and dependence power. Meanwhile, the findings reveal that lack of certainty in market environment, lack of trust among stakeholders, and lack of government support are the three most important barriers negatively influencing the IS in RL of C&D waste. This study helps scholars understand the intricate relationships between barriers and also provides an effective way to combine ISM and MICMAC techniques. Also, it provides valuable references for project managers to understand the priorities of barriers and to allocate appropriate resources to mitigate the major barriers. • Information sharing is crucial for the reverse logistics of construction and demolition. • Market environment, trust, and government support are crucial factors affecting the information sharing in reverse logistics. • Fourteen major barriers are structured in a hierarchy of four distinct levels. • Barrier importance is described from perspectives of driving and dependence power. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Given that government reckons mobile phone as a vehicle for financial inclusion; banks view it as a cost-effective way of reaching out and telcos see mobile banking as an emerging stream of revenue; several enablers and drivers are at play in India's m-banking space. At the same time, low adoption of mobiles as a channel for banking, even after two years of the Reserve Bank notifying the operating guidelines, points to existence of several barriers blocking/inhibiting the spread of mobile banking in India. In these circumstances, a method like Interpretive Structural Modeling (ISM), which forces the managers to consider linkages amongst issues, can provide a better insight than the conventional survey merely seeking ranking or rating of the importance of issues. ISM of enablers/drivers brings out the factors such as 'facility to get quick updates', 'time and cost saving', 'reach of telecom distribution' and 'need for telcos to improve customer retention' as the key drivers. On the other hand, 'lack of need for banking', 'quality of telecom service reach and reliability' and 'interoperability among banks and Telcos' emerge as the inhibitors likely to have highest impact on success of m-banking implementation. Finally, juxtaposition of the two outputs on a common driver-dependency grid segregates the issues to be addressed in different stages of implementation and also highlights the factors needing attention of the top levels in government, Banks and Telcos. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Present day India has tremendous energy requirements, and with each day it is becoming more difficult to meet those needs through conventional power sources. The never-ending demand of population which is growing exponentially has become very tough to fulfill. To enhance its energy security, mitigate carbon emissions and augment its economic development, it becomes an urgent need to implement innovative policies and mechanisms for the adoption of green and clean energy. India because of its demographics has good solar energy potential. This study aims to examine the solar power implementations in thermal power plants situated all across India. This paper contributes to the literature on solar power by identification of barriers for the adoption of solar power in thermal plants. Still, there is some lack of study about solar power implementations in different areas. In this paper, investigating efforts have been made to examine the solar power implementations in thermal power plants within the Indian context by identifying key barriers. In this study, Interpretative Structural Modeling (ISM) has been adopted to find the contextual relationships among key barriers and Matriced'Impacts Croises- Multiplication Applique' an Classment (MICMAC) analysis has been carried out for validation of the model. Requirement of gigantic investment, longer recovery period, safety implications, environmental implications, and societal concerns emerge at the top level in ISM structure. Lack of adequate government policies and lack of political leadership appears at the bottom of a structured model and these emerged as the most influential barriers. This research also suggested how to mitigate the key barriers by the installation of solar power in electricity generation utilities. • Identify and evaluate nineteen barriers which influence the development of solar power in Indian thermal power sector. • Establish ISM hierarchy structure to show the contextual relationships among the barriers. • MICMAC technique is conceded for validation of the established ISM model. • Suggestions are proposed to mitigate the key barriers for the development of solar power in electricity generation utilities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Knowledge management (KM) is the source for creating a sustainable competitive advantage, and it helps the organizations to retain, develop, organize and utilize their knowledge. Due to globalization, the organizations must maintain their knowledge assets to survive. Many organizations have realized the potential of KM and are applying it. Since the healthcare industry is growing significantly, it is continuously generating a wealth of knowledge. This knowledge can be recorded, communicated and used by many health care professionals with the help of KM. There is a wealth of research on KM in healthcare of developed countries, but very few studies regarding KM implementation can be found in developing countries i.e., Pakistan. Pakistan is now looking towards the implementation of KM; it is in its initial stages. The implementation of KM in the healthcare of Pakistan is affected by different barriers. In this study, the barriers will be identified and analyzed. An interrelationship between the barriers will be determined, and how the different barriers support each other (driving power), and how they influence each other (dependence power). The results of interpretive structural modeling (ISM) and MICMAC (Matrice d'Impacts croises-multipication appliqué an classment i.e., cross-impact matrix multiplication applied to classification) approach show that lack of support from top management, insufficient strategic planning and lack of support from organizational structure are the main barriers to KM adoption in the healthcare of Pakistan. This study provides a solution in determining the main barriers that need to be solved first, and to ensure effective implementation of KM in the healthcare of Pakistan. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]