1. Esophageal cancer: Treatment advances and need for screening.
- Author
-
Eisner, Daniel C.
- Subjects
SQUAMOUS cell carcinoma ,ADENOCARCINOMA ,PUBLIC health surveillance ,BIOPSY ,CONTINUING education units ,EARLY detection of cancer ,IMMUNOTHERAPY ,SEX distribution ,SMOKING ,COMPUTED tomography ,PRESUMPTIONS (Law) ,ESOPHAGEAL tumors ,ENDOSCOPIC surgery ,POSITRON emission tomography ,MAGNETIC resonance imaging ,CONTINUUM of care ,METASTASIS ,BARRETT'S esophagus ,INDIVIDUALIZED medicine ,ALCOHOL drinking ,TUMOR classification ,GASTROESOPHAGEAL reflux ,ENDOSCOPY ,DISEASE risk factors ,DISEASE complications - Abstract
Esophageal cancer is a challenging malignancy that often is diagnosed in advanced stages, resulting in a poor prognosis. This article provides a comprehensive review of the two main types of esophageal cancer, esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and esophageal adenocarcinoma, and reviews epidemiology, risk factors, pathogenesis, diagnostic modalities, staging systems, and established and emerging treatments. Recent advancements in treatment for resectable and unresectable esophageal cancer also are explored. These include immunotherapy, targeted therapy, sentinel lymph node mapping, radiogenomics, palliative measures, and screening measures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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