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This paper examines how the risky lending activities of the state‐owned enterprises (SOEs) affect the effectiveness of monetary and fiscal policy in China with a shadow banking sector. We develop a dynamic stochastic general equilibrium (DSGE) macroeconomic model with two production sectors, where the SOEs have access to low cost funds from the commercial banks (also mainly state‐owned) and on‐lend to the private sector in the form of entrusted loans. The Bayesian estimation results show that higher restrictions on bank credit push SOEs to engage in more shadow banking in this form which dampens the effectiveness of contractionary monetary policy. Expansionary fiscal policy increases output, but crowds out private investment, which can further drain the financial market and exert a detrimental effect on the Chinese economy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The activity of the Shadow Banks in China has been the subject of considerable interest in recent years. Total shadow banking lending has reached over 60% of GDP and has grown faster than regular bank lending. It has been argued that unregulated shadow banking has fuelled a credit boom that poses a risk to the stability of the financial system. This paper estimates a model of the Chinese economy using a DSGE framework that accommodates a banking sector that isolates the effects of lending to the private sector including shadow bank lending. A refinement of the model allows for bank lending including lending by the shadow banks to affect the credit premium on private investment. The main finding is that while financial shocks are significant, it is real shocks that dominate. The model is used to simulate the frequency of growth slowdowns in China and concludes that these are more likely to be driven by real sector shocks rather than financial sector, including shadow bank shocks. This paper differs from other applications in its use of indirect inference to test the fitted model against a three‐equation VAR of inflation, output gap and interest rate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article uses a sample of matched firms-banks data in China over the period 1999-2012 to determine the drivers of firms switching behavior from one bank relationship to another. The results show that the principal driver of a switching action is the credit needs of the firm. The binding force of the Communist Party in state-owned banks and enterprises would suggest that switching should be a rare phenomenon in Chinese commercial relations. But switching occurs. The findings support the extant literature that transparent firms are able to switch more readily than opaque firms. The results also suggest that banks that develop their fee income services are more effective in locking-in their borrowers and that firms tend to switch from state-owned banks to smaller non-state owned banks. However, in other areas switching does not conform with the mainstream explanations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper analyses the effects on the productivity of Greek commercial banks of sector regulatory reforms in the pre-Euro era, using the Global Malmquist Index. In a bootstrap Data Envelopment Analysis framework, we propose an alternative to smoothing that utilises the Pearson system random number generator, offering greater flexibility in the choice of the fitting distribution. In the context of a step-by-step approach, we demonstrate the contribution of deregulatory commercial freedoms to greater productivity and the negative effect of prudential controls. Our findings offer insights into the current state of the Greek banking sector, suggesting that the imposition of additional prudential controls may have a detrimental impact on the productivity of Greek banks, given the adverse business conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using Chinese firm level data for 2003-2012, this paper determines the factors that drive firms to switch from single bank loan providers to multiple bank loan providers. The results show that large firms are more likely to switch from single to multiple lending relationships. This study finds that medium size and small firms of high quality are more likely to have a single borrower relationship while large and high quality firms are more likely to have multiple bank relationships. Increasing market competition decreases the probability of single bank-firm relationship. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article models the determinants of bank switching costs in China in terms of bank characteristics and non-bank variables. It also determines the contribution of switching costs to banks' profits. Using a sample of 151 banks over the period 2003-2013 it reports a positive relationship between bank profitability and switching costs. The main result is that bank size measured by total assets has a complex relationship with switching costs. Competition between small banks creates the incentive for lock-in and increased switching costs whereas very large banks are less exercised by lock-in and switching costs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The downturn in the world economy following the global banking crisis has left the Chinese economy relatively unscathed. This paper develops a model of the Chinese economy using a DSGE framework with a banking sector to shed light on this episode. It differs from other applications in the use of indirect inference procedure to test the fitted model. The model finds that the main shocks hitting China in the crisis were international and that domestic banking shocks were unimportant. However, directed bank lending and direct government spending was used to supplement monetary policy to aggressively offset shocks to demand. The model finds that government expenditure feedback reduces the frequency of a business cycle crisis but that any feedback effect on investment creates excess capacity and instability in output. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Deregulation, re-regulation and continuing globalization embody an imperative that banks increase efficiency in order to survive. We employ the Simar-Wilson (2007) two-step double bootstrap Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) method to measure whether cost efficiency among Jamaican banks has improved between 1998 and 2009 following a number of post-crisis responses aimed at strengthening and improving the sector. Efficiency is extracted from a meta-frontier construction for the full sample period. In addition, we conduct tests for unconditional β-convergenceand σ-convergence; overall, the results suggest that there has been a tendency towards improvement in bank efficiency levels for the industry as a whole, but there is also evidence that foreign banks show a higher trend improvement in efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

This article examines the convergence properties of cost efficiency for Indonesian banks for the period 1992–2007. It employs the Simar and Wilson's (2007) two stage semi-parametric double bootstrap Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) procedure to estimate cost efficiency. Using panel data estimation, the article examines β-convergence and σ-convergence, to test the speed at which Indonesian banks are converging, towards the best practice and country average. We find evidence that in general the post-crisis structural reform process improved the average level of efficiency and improved the distribution of efficiency across banks significantly. The Asian financial crisis and the structural reform had the effect of slowing the adjustment speed of bank efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The positive relationship between bank CEO compensation and risk-taking is a well-established empirical fact. The global banking crisis has resulted in a chorus of demands to control bankers' bonuses and thereby curtail their risk-taking activities in the hope that the world can avoid a repeat in the future. However, the positive relationship is not a causative one. In this paper we argue that an implicit too-big-to-fail policy provides the incentive for banks to take excessive risks and design compensation packages to deliver high returns. A credible no-bailout policy will have a better chance of curbing excess risk-taking than controlling bankers' compensation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article evaluates the performance of the Arab Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) banking industry in the context of the Structure-Conduct-Performance (SCP) hypothesis in the period 1993 to 2002. This article uses panel estimation differentiating between bank fixed effects and country fixed effects. It examines the Relative-Market-Power (RMP) and the Efficient-Structure (ES) hypotheses differentiating between the two by employing a nonparametric measure of technical efficiency, and finds that the banking industry in the Arab GCC countries is best explained by the mainstream SCP hypothesis. The empirical results do not find any support for the Hicks' (1935) 'Quiet Life' (QL) version of the market power hypothesis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A bootstrap method for Malmquist index estimates of productivity growth is constructed with appropriate confidence intervals. This paper adjusts for the quality of the output by accounting for the nonperforming loans (NPLs) on balance sheets and tests the robustness of the results by examining alternative sets of outputs. The productivity growth of state-owned banks and joint-stock banks is compared, and the determinants are evaluated. It was found that the average productivity of Chinese banks improved modestly over this period. Adjusting for the quality of loans by treating NPLs as an undesirable output, the average productivity growth of the state-owned banks was zero or negative, while the productivity of the joint-stock banks was markedly higher. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]