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Microplastics are emerging environmental pollutants that have gained tremendous scientific interest in recent years. These micropollutants are omnipresent both in the terrestrial and aquatic environments posing a deleterious threat to the ecosystem and biodiversity. So, it is important to develop a deep understanding of the environmental fate and potential adverse impacts of microplastics on the aquatic and terrestrial environments. By critically reviewing the previously published scientific literature, the present synthesis briefly outlines the characteristics, occurrence and potential toxic effects of microplastics on terrestrial and aquatic biota. The article also focuses on some innovative approaches for sustainable remediation of macroplastics as well as microplastics. Since the concept of microplastics pollution has yet in its infancy in Bangladesh, this synthesis provides an overview of the current scenario of microplastics pollution and some future research recommendations in the context of Bangladesh which might be helpful to the novice researchers of this field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We report a novel tri-genotypic recombinant Hepatitis B virus (HBV) strain circulating in Bangladesh. The strain is recombinant with the genotypes D, C and E, of which, genotype E was not reported before in Bangladesh. Additionally, the complete genome has a frameshift deletion of nine nucleotides from overlapping Surface and Polymerase genes, and a vaccine escape mutation, A128 V, in the surface protein. This is the first report with such unusual recombination event responsible for rapid liver cirrhosis in a 13 year old patient in Bangladesh. This report may alert the clinicians to take the measure to prevent an upcoming outbreak of recombinant HBV. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]