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1. Survivability of Salmonella Typhimurium (ATCC 14208) and Listeria innocua (ATCC 51742) on lignocellulosic materials for paper packaging

Author

Jacob D. Zwilling, Jason Whitham, Franklin Zambrano, Alonzo Pifano, Amy Grunden, Hasan Jameel, Richard Venditti, and Ronalds Gonzalez

Subjects
Lignocellulosic, Food safety, Paper, Survivability, Bacteria, Packaging, Science (General), Q1-390, Social sciences (General), H1-99
Abstract

Lignocellulosic materials are widely used for food packaging due to their renewable and biodegradable nature. However, their porous and absorptive properties can lead to the uptake and retention of bacteria during food processing, transportation, and storage, which pose a potential risk for outbreaks of foodborne disease. Thus, it is of great importance to understand how bacteria proliferate and survive on lignocellulosic surfaces. The aim of this research was to compare the growth and survivability of Salmonella Typhimurium and Listeria innocua on bleached and unbleached paper packaging materials. Two different paper materials were fabricated to simulate linerboard from fully bleached and unbleached market pulps and inoculated with each bacterium at high bacterial loads (107 CFU). The bacteria propagated during the first 48 h of incubation and persisted at very high levels (>107 CFU/cm2) for 40 days for all paper and bacterium types. However, the unbleached paper allowed for a greater degree of bacterial growth to occur compared to bleached paper, suspected to be due to the more hydrophobic nature of the unbleached, lignin-containing fibers. Several other considerations may also alter the behavior of bacteria on lignocellulosic materials, such as storage conditions, nutrient availability, and chemical composition of the fibers.

Published
2023
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2. Assessment of silver release and biocidal capacity from silver nanocomposite food packaging materials

Author

Katherine Williams, Jin-Hee Lim, Kylie Krohmaly, Fumiya Watanabe, Raul A. Trbojevich, Sangeeta Khare, and Kuppan Gokulan

Subjects
Paper, Food contact materials, Silver, Metal Nanoparticles, Food Contamination, Toxicology, Silver nanoparticle, Nanocomposites, 03 medical and health sciences, Acetic acid, chemistry.chemical_compound, 0404 agricultural biotechnology, Animals, Humans, Food science, 030304 developmental biology, 0303 health sciences, Nanocomposite, Bacteria, business.industry, digestive, oral, and skin physiology, Food Packaging, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, General Medicine, Antimicrobial, Food safety, 040401 food science, Anti-Bacterial Agents, Food packaging, Meat Products, chemistry, Consumer Product Safety, Tuna, business, Food Science
Abstract

In this study, silver release from commercially available food-contact materials in food simulants (water, acetic acid, ethanol-water and olive oil) and meats (tuna, ham, and turkey) was assessed. Additionally, the antimicrobial capacity of migrated silver was examined in meats. Largest silver release was observed in simulants from food touch papers (25 ± 11 mg/kg) as compared to bag, cutting board and containers. Silver ion and silver nanoparticles were released from food touch paper in food simulants. Food touch paper released the highest amount of silver in tuna (0.5 ± 0.02 mg/kg) than ham (0.2 ± 0.08 mg/kg) or turkey (0.3 ± 0.08 mg/kg) in the same conditions. Tuna exhibited the lowest pH and higher number of bacterial populations on day 0 compared with other foods. Nonetheless, a significant antibacterial capacity of released silver was noticed predominantly in turkey for Gram-negative bacteria. Our study suggests silver released in food simulants indicate an overestimation of silver migration; thus, precaution should be maintained when extrapolating such findings to “real” food. Moreover, further investigations are needed to determine if the amount of silver released from food touch paper in certain foods (for example turkey in the present study) possess any risk to human health.

Published
2020

3. Microfluidic paper-based devices for bioanalytical applications

Author

Glauco Pilon dos Santos, Lauro T. Kubota, Murilo Santhiago, and Emilia Witkowska Nery

Subjects
Paper, Bioanalysis, Food Safety, Exploit, Computer science, Microfluidics, Clinical Biochemistry, Nanotechnology, Analytical Chemistry, Humans, Pesticides, General Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics, Alternative methods, Biological Products, Bacteria, Electrochemical Techniques, General Medicine, Paper based, Microfluidic Analytical Techniques, Photochemical Processes, Medical Laboratory Technology, Luminescent Measurements, Colorimetry, Health diagnosis, Biomarkers, Environmental Monitoring
Abstract

Paper has become increasingly recognized as a very interesting substrate for the construction of microfluidic devices, with potential application in a variety of areas, including health diagnosis, environmental monitoring, immunoassays and food safety. The aim of this review is to present a short history of analytical systems constructed from paper, summarize the main advantages and disadvantages of fabrication techniques, exploit alternative methods of detection such as colorimetric, electrochemical, photoelectrochemical, chemiluminescence and electrochemiluminescence, as well as to take a closer look at the novel achievements in the field of bioanalysis published during the last 2 years. Finally, the future trends for production of such devices are discussed.

Published
2014

4. An Integrated Flow Cytometry-Based System for Real-Time, High Sensitivity Bacterial Detection and Identification

Author

Jon G. Wilkes, William B. Mattes, Ted J. Moskal, Willie M. Cooper, Dan A. Buzatu, and Anna J. Williams

Subjects
Background fluorescence, Culture plates, Time Factors, Applied Microbiology, Immunofluorescence, lcsh:Medicine, Signal-To-Noise Ratio, Foodborne Illnesses, Spectrum Analysis Techniques, Molecular Cell Biology, lcsh:Science, Escherichia Coli, Ralstonia pickettii, Multidisciplinary, Time to result, Equipment Design, Flow Cytometry, Bacterial Pathogens, Identification (information), Medical Microbiology, Spectrophotometry, Cytophotometry, Fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate, Research Article, Biotechnology, Paper, Biology, Research and Analysis Methods, Escherichia coli O157, Microbiology, Sensitivity and Specificity, Industrial Microbiology, Species Specificity, Computer Systems, Sensitivity (control systems), Immunoassays, Microbial Pathogens, Fluorescent Dyes, Bacteria, business.industry, lcsh:R, Biology and Life Sciences, Cell Biology, Food safety, Food Inspection, Bacterial Load, Food processing, Immunologic Techniques, Food Microbiology, lcsh:Q, Biochemical engineering, business, Cytometry
Abstract

Foodborne illnesses occur in both industrialized and developing countries, and may be increasing due to rapidly evolving food production practices. Yet some primary tools used to assess food safety are decades, if not centuries, old. To improve the time to result for food safety assessment a sensitive flow cytometer based system to detect microbial contamination was developed. By eliminating background fluorescence and improving signal to noise the assays accurately measure bacterial load or specifically identify pathogens. These assays provide results in minutes or, if sensitivity to one cell in a complex matrix is required, after several hours enrichment. Conventional assessments of food safety require 48 to 56 hours. The assays described within are linear over 5 orders of magnitude with results identical to culture plates, and report live and dead microorganisms. This system offers a powerful approach to real-time assessment of food safety, useful for industry self-monitoring and regulatory inspection.

Published
2014