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This paper proposes a new family of estimators for population mean with a non-response using a simple random sampling. It specifically applies this method to estimate the mean in Turkey’s Education sector data sets, accounting for non-response. The study integrates additional information in the form of mean and cdf of the auxiliary variable which is highly positively correlated with the study variable to develop a general class of estimators tailored for the non-response using a simple random sampling scheme. Through numerical research, the characteristics of these estimators – namely, their biases and mean square errors – have been carefully investigated and deeply evaluated. The basic estimator of a population mean is under-performed by the suggested estimators. The empirical investigation validates the results, demonstrating the improved relative efficiency of the proposed estimator over the existing estimators, as demonstrated by theoretical and numerical comparisons.

This paper proposes a new family of estimators for population mean with a non-response using a simple random sampling. It specifically applies this method to estimate the mean in Turkey's Education sector data sets, accounting for non-response. The study integrates additional information in the form of mean and cdf of the auxiliary variable which is highly positively correlated with the study variable to develop a general class of estimators tailored for the non-response using a simple random sampling scheme. Through numerical research, the characteristics of these estimators – namely, their biases and mean square errors – have been carefully investigated and deeply evaluated. The basic estimator of a population mean is under-performed by the suggested estimators. The empirical investigation validates the results, demonstrating the improved relative efficiency of the proposed estimator over the existing estimators, as demonstrated by theoretical and numerical comparisons. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Turkic languages have been shown to form words using a wide range of word-formation strategies, such as suffixation, cliticization, and auxiliaries. The present paper offers a detailed description of word formation in Uyghur, compares the patterns in Uyghur with the prior literature on Turkic, offers explicit diagnostics for suffixes and clitics, and proposes a morpho-syntactic analysis for each strategy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In-situ γ-Ti48Al alloys are fabricated using auxiliary wire gas metal arc additive manufacturing in which pure Ti plus Al wires are fused in the arc. This study focuses on the influence of heat input on microstructure and mechanical properties of γ-Ti48Al alloys. As the heat input decreases, the upper part of the homogeneous zone in the middle region always shows α2/γ fully lamellar colonies with the decreased grain size, the dual-phase microstructures in the centric and lower parts gradually transform into fully lamellar colonies, and the volume fraction of α2 phase increases. The average microhardness mainly distributes in the range of 310–490 HV. With a decrease in heat input, the compressive strength in the vertical orientation reduces, and the compression rates in both orientations first decrease and then increase. The fracture morphologies always show a mixed-mode of inter-lamellar and trans-lamellar cleavage fractures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examines the roles played by clergies and traditional service providers as auxiliary social workers in Obio-Akpor Local Government area in Rivers State, Nigeria. The rationale for this study was built on the logic that the clergies and traditional service providers play the roles of associate or auxiliary social workers wherever they are found. Hence, this study is designed to answer two research questions that highlight the indicators of measuring who an associate social worker is especially based on the impacts at the community levels. The system theory of Von Bertalanffy was adopted to aid the analysis. The mixed methods research design was adopted, with a mixed technique for data collection which are a self- designed questionnaire and the key person's interview (KPI). The population of the study was drawn from the city population's report of 2016, and the sample size is 400 using the Taro Yamane statistical formula and 15 key persons targeted purposively for interviews. In addition, a mixed method analytical approach comprising percentages and thematic analysis was deployed for the data analysis. The findings from the study showed among others that the clergies and the traditional service providers assist, play their role and function as associate or auxiliary social workers in the communities of study. Based on this, this study recommends that the traditional service providers and clergies should be supported and encouraged to keep helping, and also more social workers should be employed to fill in the gap that the absence of social workers create in the communities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to improve the rheology, surface tension, density, volatility and thermal conductivity of copper composite pastes, and thus the printing performance and conductivity, the effect of water-based carrier on the properties of the pastes was studied. Deionized water was used to replace the organic solvent in the traditional slurry and a small amount of additives were added to improve the rheological properties of the carrier liquid. The formulation of the water-based paste was designed by orthogonal experiment to investigate the effect of the additives on the properties of the water-based copper composite pastes. The micro morphology and properties of copper the pastes were observed by JSM-6700F field emission scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray diffraction analyzer (XRD) and FT-340 four probe resistivity testers. The results show that when the optimum ratio of water-based carrier was PEG-400∶Xanthan gum∶Tween-80∶Deionized water =1.5∶0.5∶1.0∶97.0, the film is dense, the conductive network is complete, showing excellent conductivity and micro morphology; and the resistivity is as low as 2.13×10-5 Ω·m. The water-based carrier greatly improves the printing performance and conductivity of the copper composite pastes.

In this paper we discuss a change in the auxiliary selectional pattern of Brazilian Venetan, a heritage Italo-Romance variety spoken in southern Brazil. Venetan varieties display a default form of the past participle in constructions with postverbal subjects and a fully agreeing form in constructions with preverbal subjects: this is true both for the homeland varieties of the language, spoken in northern Italy, as well as for the heritage variety under analysis in this paper, spoken in southern Brazil. A crucial difference emerges in unaccusative constructions: while Italian Venetan uses the same form of the auxiliary BE in presence of preverbal and postverbal subjects, Brazilian Venetan uses a specialized form of the auxiliary in the constructions with default agreement on the past participle, when postverbal subjects are present. We argue that the specialized auxiliary form emerges as a necessary resumption in the case of lack of agreement. The heritage variety becomes, therefore, morphosyntactically more complex than the non-heritage counterpart.

Omkar Shinde,1 Aditi Jhaveri,1 Ajinkya M Pawar,1 Mohmed Isaqali Karobari,2,3 Kulvinder Singh Banga,1 Suraj Arora,4 Anuj Bhardwaj,5 Anastasia Gabriella Djuanda,6 Dian Agustin Wahjuningrum6 1Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Nair Hospital Dental College, Mumbai, Maharashtra, 400034, India; 2Department of Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Puthisastra, Phnom Penh, 12211, Cambodia; 3Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600077, India; 4Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha, 61421, Saudi Arabia; 5Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, College of Dental Sciences and Hospital, Indore, 453331, India; 6Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlingga, Surabaya City, East Java, 60132, IndonesiaCorrespondence: Mohmed Isaqali Karobari, Department of Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Puthisastra, Phnom Penh, 12211, Cambodia, Email dr.isaq@gmail.com Dian Agustin Wahjuningrum, Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlingga, Surabaya City, East Java, 60132, Indonesia, Email dian-agustin-w@fkg.unair.ac.idIntroduction: COVID-19 has had a new challenge on dental workers, radically altering clinical and personal management. The cross-sectional survey sought to examine and comprehend the influence of COVID-19 on Indian dentistry practitioners.Methods: A 38-item questionnaire-based survey was communicated to Indian dental practitioners through a web-based form (Google form). The questionnaire was categorized into four sections: (i) Personal protective equipment (PPE), (ii) dental treatments, (iii) auxiliary management, and (iv) personal impact. The findings were examined and studied in order to comprehend the repercussions of COVID-19. The questionnaire was completed by 513 of the 1129 dentists to whom it was delivered.Results: For the current questionnaire, a response rate that we received was 45.44%. When compared to the pre-pandemic era, the use of PPE has increased dramatically (95.7%). The use of PPE alleviated dental practitioners’ and patients’ doubts about viral transmission. The epidemic prompted the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare (MoHFW) to issue specific recommendations for dental treatments, which were followed by 92.5% of dentists. The majority of dentists reported a considerable impact on both financial and mental health concerns. Teleconsulting and distant learning gained greater prominence. The COVID-19 epidemic affected the lives of dental professionals both within and outside of the dental setting, as well as the auxiliary.Conclusion: COVID-19 has left a trail of devastation in its aftermath. Dentists were affected both emotionally and professionally. Dentists rapidly and uniformly followed the revised recommendations.Keywords: auxiliary, COVID-19, dentist, distance learning, mental health, mouthwashes, PPE, psychological impact, rubber dam, tele consulting

In recent decades, solar collector and heat pump combinations have been widely applied to supply heat and hot water, such as in heat supply and power generation for domestic and commercial buildings and relevant applications in the manufacturing and agricultural industries. However, the solar-assisted heat pumps already in extensive use may undergo system performance deterioration in a cold environment. To solve this problem, we designed a heat pump system assisted with hot water where a water medium was used to store energy to assist the operation of the heat pump at low temperatures. Three factors were comprehensively considered: the opening degree of the electronic expansion valve, the temperature of the low-temperature heat source, and the auxiliary hot water temperature. Crossover experiments were designed with three levels for each factor, and 36 groups of experiments were carried out. The results showed that as the auxiliary hot water temperature increased, the heating capacity and the coefficient of performance also increased. Thus, the overall working efficiency of the system improved. According to the orthogonal test, the most important influencing factor of system performance was the auxiliary hot water temperature, followed by the ambient temperature and opening degree of the electronic expansion valve. These results fully demonstrated that the addition of auxiliary hot water could dramatically improve system performance. In addition, optimization of the opening degree of the electronic expansion valve produced different results, indicating that the optimal value ranged from 50%−75%.

Copyright of Catalan Journal of Linguistics is the property of Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Inorganic Chemicals Industry is the property of Editorial Office of Inorganic Chemicals Industry and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In this article we offer an overview of the use of modal auxiliary verb constructions in East African Bantu (encompassing languages spoken from eastern Congo in the north-west to northern Mozambique in the south-east; viz. Guthrie zones JD, JE, E, F, G, M, N and P). Modality, here conceptualized as a semantic space comprising different subcategories (or flavors) of possibility and necessity, has traditionally been a neglected category within Bantu linguistics, which has tended to focus instead on the more grammatical(ized) categories of tense, aspect and to a lesser extent mood. Nonetheless, our survey shows that there exists a rich number of different verbs with specialized modal functions in East African Bantu. Moreover, when comparing the variety of modal verbs in East African Bantu and the wider constructions in which they operate, many similar patterns arise. In some cases, different languages make use of cognate verbs for expressing similar modal concepts, in other cases divergent verbs, but with essentially the same source meaning(s), are employed. In addition, both Bantu-internal and Bantu-external contact have played a key role in the formation of several of the languages’ inventories of modal verbs. A typologically significant feature recurrently discovered among the languages surveyed is the tendency of structural manipulations of the same verb base to indicate semantic shift from participant-internal to participant-imposed modal flavors.

This article examines verbal sequences in Arabic dialects which can correspond either to complex sentences with embedded clauses or to complex predicates with reduction of one or the other verb. The first part is devoted to complex sentences where completives and subordinates of purpose and consequence are introduced by a marker that is generally specific, but sometimes polyfunctional. The second part explores embedding without a subordinator (with distinct or identical subjects), as well as with cases of complex predicates, sometimes with reduction of V1 (cases of auxiliarization and pragmatization), sometimes of V2 (rare cases of serial verbs). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Turkish Studies - Language & Literature is the property of Electronic Turkish Studies and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

ObjectiveTo systematically review the current articles to compare the efficacy and safety of 3D navigation-assisted osteotomy of DDH with conventional osteotomy of DDH in children. Study design Databases such as PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library were searched, from inception to April, 2022, for studies applying 3D navigation-assisted osteotomy in DDH children.MethodsThere were 626 articles identified. According to the search strategy and inclusion criteria, 7 studies were finally included, with a total of 288 cases. Study screening, data extraction, and quality assessment were conducted by two reviewers independently. Data analyses were performed using RevMan 5.4 software.ResultsThere were 7 retrospective cohort studies included. Meta-analysis showed that 3D navigation-assisted DDH osteotomy resulted in shorter duration of surgery [I2 = 88%, REM, MD = 22.86, 95%CI (−27.29, −18.43), p 0.05).Conclusion3D navigation-assisted pelvis and thighbone osteotomy for DDH children could shorten duration of surgery and reduce intraoperative bleeding and x-ray exposure, presenting definite therapeutic effect.Systematic Review Registrationhttps://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/#myprospero, identifier: CRD42022333767.

Turkic languages have been shown to form words using a wide range of word-formation strategies, such as suffixation, cliticization, and auxiliaries. The present paper offers a detailed description of word formation in Uyghur, compares the patterns in Uyghur with the prior literature on Turkic, offers explicit diagnostics for suffixes and clitics, and proposes a morpho-syntactic analysis for each strategy.

This research paper deals with the problem of estimating population mean of study variable using information of auxiliary variable under varying probability and measurement error. Motivated by Kadilar and Cingi, App Math Lett, 2006, 19, 75 and Zaman, Stat Trans‐New Ser, 2020, 21, 159, generalized ratio and product enhanced regressed exponential (ERE) estimators are proposed to estimate the population mean using different auxiliary parameters under the sampling of probability proportional to size (pps) and extended for the case of measurement error. Further, following the strategies of Naik and Gupta, J Ind Soc Agr Stat, 1996, 48, 151; Jhajj et al., Pak J Stat, 2006, 23, 1; Singh et al., Auxiliary Information and A Priori Values in Construction of Improved Estimators, Renaissance High Press, 2007; and Solanki and Singh, Chil J Stat, 2013, 4, 3, conventional ratio, product, regression, generalized and many other types of estimators have been adopted under pps sampling with and without measurement error. Up to the first order of large sample approximation, the bias and mean square error (MSE) of the suggested ERE and adopted estimators are derived and their properties have been studied. Comparisons have been made theoretically and empirically to comprehend the merits of recommended estimators over the conventional and adopted estimators. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Viruses of marine cyanobacteria frequently contain auxiliary metabolic genes (AMGs) that augment host metabolism during infection, but little is known about their adaptive significance. We analyzed the distribution and genomic context of 33 AMGs across 60 cyanomyovirus genomes. Similarity in AMG content among cyanomyoviruses was only weakly correlated with phylogenetic relatedness; however, AMG content was generally conserved within the same operational taxonomic unit (OTU). A virus' AMG repertoire was also correlated with its isolation host and environment (coastal versus open ocean). A new analytical method based on shared co-linear blocks revealed that variation in the genomic location of an AMG was negatively correlated with its frequency across the genomes. We propose that rare AMGs are more frequently gained or lost as a result of fluctuating selection pressures, whereas common AMGs are associated with stable selection pressures. Finally, we describe a unique cyanomyovirus (S-CAM7) that lacks many AMGs including the photosynthesis gene psbA.

The objective of biological control is to reduce chemical treatments on crops. To reduce aphid attacks with the use lady beetles is a positive, respectful alternative since it can maintain an ecological balance. In order to achieve this objective, the Algerian seven-spotted lady beetle (Coccinella algerica) was bred under laboratory conditions, and biological parameters of this species were studied. The study, conducted from April to May, showed that temperature and relative humidity greatly affected the incubation time of C. algerica eggs. Egg fertility was very high and reached up to 100%. The present work highlighted that the developmental cycle of this lady beetle from the Beni-Douala area (Tizi-Ouzou) passes through five larval stages. The fifth instar larva was recorded for the first time. Indeed, all studies carried out to date have identified only four larval stages in this

Objective: To survey the available literature regarding the use of auxiliary liver transplantation (ALT) in the setting of cirrhosis. Summary of background: ALT is a type of liver transplantation (LT) procedure in which part of the cirrhotic liver is resected and part of the liver graft is transplanted. The cirrhotic liver left in situ acts as an auxiliary liver until the graft has reached sufficient volume. Recently, a 2-stage concept named RAPID (Resection and Partial Liver segment 2/3 transplantation with Delayed total hepatectomy) was developed, which combines hypertrophy of the small graft followed by delayed removal of the native liver. Methods: A scoping review of the literature on ALT for cirrhosis was performed, focusing on the historical background of RAPID and the status of RAPID for this indication. The new comprehensive nomenclature for hepatectomy ("New World" terminology) was used in this review. Results: A total of 72 cirrhotic patients underwent ALT [heterotopic (n = 34), orthotopic (Auxiliary partial orthotopic liver transplantation, n = 34 including 5 followed by resection of the native liver at the second stage) and RAPID (n = 4)]. Among the 9 2-stage LTs (APOLT, n = 5; RAPID, n = 4), portal blood flow modulation was performed in 6 patients by deportalization of the native liver (n = 4), portosystemic shunt creation (n = 1), splenic artery ligation (n = 3) or splenectomy (n = 1). The delay between the first and second stages ranged from 18 to 90 days. This procedure led to an increase in the graft-to-recipient weight ratio between 33% and 156%. Eight patients were alive at the last follow-up. Conclusions: Two-stage LT and, more recently, the RAPID procedure are viable options for increasing the number of transplantations for cirrhotic patients by using small grafts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Clean Coal Technology is the property of Clean Coal Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Etudes Romanes de Brno is the property of Masaryk University, Faculty of Arts and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

• Direct Contact Membrane Distillation was tested to water recuperation from complex dye solutions. • The influence of each supporting chemical of cotton and polyester dyeing baths in the DCMD process was investigated. • ·Some dyeing bath auxiliary affect the rejection rate and permeate flux, changing morphological and chemical structure of the membrane. • Wetting and fouling agents inside a textile dyeing bath were identified, avoiding operational problems involving the MD process. The influence of the multi-component composition of cotton and polyester dyeing baths was investigated in a DCMD process using a PTFE membrane, aiming to water reclamation from textile wastewater. The process was evaluated with each auxiliary, solutions combining auxiliary and dye, and residual water from pilot-scale dyeing baths. The salts used in the cotton dyeing bath did not influence the DCMD process, resulting in a similar rejection rate and permeate flux to those in dye solutions. The formic acid employed in the polyester dyeing bath resulted in high permeate fluxes but decreased the permeate quality by almost 33%. The surfactants (detergent and dispersant) demonstrated the most harmful behavior in the process, evidenced by a complete membrane wetting. An absence of synergy of the dyes and auxiliaries influencing the DCMD process was verified for the textile dyeing wastewater. This work enabled identifying the influence of each dyeing bath component in the rejection rate and permeate flux, allowing to find alternatives in mitigating the remaining gaps involving DCMD operation and the MD membranes. This work contributes to consolidating this promising technique in water reclamation from textile wastewater, encouraging research on membrane development and modification or integrated operations involving MD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Arabic syntax has yet to be studied in detail from a corpus-based perspective. The Arabic copula kāna ('be'), functions also as an auxiliary, creating periphrastic tense–aspect constructions; but the literature on these functions is far from exhaustive. To analyse kāna within the one-million word Corpus of Contemporary Arabic, part-of-speech tagging (using novel, targeted enhancements to a previously described program which improves the accessibility for linguistic analysis of the output of Habash et al.'s [2012] mada disambiguator for the Buckwalter Arabic morphological analyser) is applied to disambiguate copula and auxiliary at a high rate of accuracy. Concordances of both are extracted, and 10 percent samples (499 instances of copula kāna and 387 of auxiliary kāna) are analysed manually to identify surface-level grammatical patterns and meanings. This raw analysis is then systematised according to the more general patterns' main parameters of variation; special descriptions are developed for specific, apparently fixed-form expressions (including two phraseologies which afford expression of verbal and adjectival modality). Overall, we uncover substantial new detail, not mentioned in existing grammars (e.g., the quantitative predominance of the past imperfect construction over other uses of auxiliary kāna). There exists notable potential for these corpus-based findings to inform and enhance not only grammatical descriptions but also pedagogy of Arabic as a first or second/foreign language. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista ADM is the property of Asociacion Dental Mexicana and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

C‐vinyl glycosides are an important class of carbohydrates and pose a unique synthetic challenge. A new strategy has been developed for stereoselective synthesis of C‐vinyl glycosides via Pd‐catalyzed directed C−H glycosylation of alkenes with glycosyl chloride donors using an easily removable bidentate auxiliary. Both the γ C−H bond of allylamines and the δ C−H bond of homoallyl amine substrates can be glycosylated in high efficiency and with excellent regio‐ and stereoselectivity. The resulting C‐vinyl glycosides can be further converted to a variety of C‐alkyl glycosides with high stereospecificity. These reactions offer a broadly applicable method to streamline the synthesis of complex C‐vinyl glycosides from easily accessible starting materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Jeoung (2020) argues that certain predicates in Indonesian are categorially ambiguous between auxiliaries and lexical verbs. Moreover, she claims that the auxiliary reading has been overlooked in analyses of so-called crossed control in Indonesian. As we show in this reply, however, the auxiliary reading is in fact independent of crossed control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, we compare and contrast verb phrases and the structures that complement them in English and Albanian. Juxtaposing structures in both languages will allow us to highlight the similarities and differences between them. The investigation is limited to some semantic types of verbs and their complements. Verbal complementation poses difficulties not only for students who learn English as a second language, but many teachers and linguists also find it challenging. Students view as extremely difficult and complex to acquire. Teachers sometimes offer no explicit teaching on this topic, while some even believe that students can master it despite a lack of instruction. These are reasons why both parties, teachers and students, often in some way "neglect" it. Despite its complexity, educators and grammarians make efforts to offer instruction. The latter believe that a good command of such a grammar topic is best achieved through instruction. As teachers, we have to analyze the individual learning needs of students, and reflect on them by taking them into consideration to improve their knowledge and performance. We should identify problems in their teaching environment, observe, reflect on and act. Based on relevant literature and empirical research, we can search for solutions to problems encountered in the pedagogical setting to facilitate complex issues such as verbal complementation. In this article, examples in English and Albanian are juxtaposed, based on a structured presentation of "verb+complement" structures in English, with the aim to make a modest contribution to the acquisition of these structures by Albanian students and inspire further research into this topic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The relation between auxiliaries and argumental properties of the lexical verbs is the question raised by the facts we will investigate. Other issues are posed by the role and the behavior of deictic clitic pronouns in different contexts and in the clitic string. The data examined in this contribution come mainly from the Franco-Provençal dialects spoken in the villages of Celle San Vito and Faeto in North Apulia; these dialects are the heritage linguistic use of ancient minorities dating back to the thirteenth century. We will briefly compare these data with the related data of the Franco-Provençal varieties of West Piedmont. The analysis we propose relies on the idea that auxiliary verbs are not functional elements but preserve their lexical properties, as shown by the identic syntactic behavior of be in its different occurrences. The theoretical frame we follow is the formulation proposed in Chomsky (2020a, b), based on the merge operation and the Labeling Algorithm, leading to a more appropriate treatment of “head movement” and agreeing syntactic structures.

Eupatorium dye extract has been used for dyeing cotton using rare earth (RE) metal mordants such as Cerrous sulphate, Lanthanum chloride and Yttrium chloride and compared with conventional metal mordant Alums. The metal salts were used forpremordanting. The cotton surface was modified beforepremordanting with an auxiliary. The enhancement in CIELab, K/S and E values were found to be very good. The betterment in dye exhaustion along with improvement in the wash and light fastnesses with the auxiliary mediated surface-modified cotton using rare earth salts as mordants has been highlighted in this paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article I question the characterization of the faus franceis d’Angleterre as a dialect of Medieval French. I do so first of all on grounds of the fact that Anglo-French (AF) was spoken by an extremely heterogeneous group of speakers coming from very different social and linguistic backgrounds. Therefore, one should not use linguistic factors observed in a given author’s text to draw conclusions regarding AF as a whole. While it is generally accepted that the majority of speakers of AF were bilingual, the scenario of bilingualism from birth only applies to a comparatively small portion of the population. I will show that roughly one half of the texts show features suggesting that the author has an L2 French background. As a consequence, the observed phenomena should not be considered dialectal features of AF as a whole, or as language change characterizing AF in general, but rather as idiolectal features in a given author’s L2. Technically, my argument rests on the distribution of several verb-related (morpho)syntactic phenomena, which set AF apart from continental Old French (OF), namely auxiliary selection, use of the pronoun eux, motion-event descriptions and directed motion constructions. My study is corpus-based and utilizes data from the ANHdb (Anglo-Norman Hub database, cf. Schauwecker and Stein 2016) as well as the BFM (Base de français Médiéval, 2016).

To clarify the hypotheses of scientific research and their role, it is first necessary to clarify the hypothesis concept. The hypothesis is called the initial and unsafe assumption, but it is, however, unlikely to be verified, based on which the first explanations can be given about any occurrence, issue of relationships, problem, etc. They seek to find explanations, relationships, comparisons, predictions, generalizations, and theories. Assumptions should be formulated clearly and simply connected to your assumption for the expected results. It represents the starting point for defining goals and tasks. Any experimental or explanatory work starts waiting for a certain result. This expectation is the result of a hypothesis. Hypothesis initiative and provides incentives for research and affects the search method. Depending on the research hypothesis may be a theoretical or empirical puzzle. Research must have at least a hypothesis, which aims to provide answers. The researcher must determine which hypothesis is appropriate, develop new theories and concepts. The hypothesis should traditionally be "proved" as a statement or expression of the relationship between two or more concepts. "It is a proven assertion of the relationship or relationship between two or more concepts, reasonable interpretations of what we find in our analysis of texts, content, people or events. In the literature encountered different types of hypotheses, depending on the criteria to be taken to determine the type. We have the general hypothesis, auxiliary, null hypothesis, inductive, deductive, one-way, two-way, etc. All the hypotheses of a study must not only be based on reasoning or intuition, but in the first place should be formulated and tested on the database collected through observation of realworld phenomena as occur, or through experiments. Testing the hypothesis can be done in several ways, but testing through advanced software is more accurate and more reliable.

Purpose: An everted saphenous vein graft (eSVG) has been used for urethroplasty in men with long segment anterior urethral stricture and chronic tobacco exposed oral mucosa with good initial results. The present study aimed to assess the medium-term outcomes of eSVG urethroplasty (eSVGU) in such patients. Materials and Methods: Prospectively maintained database of 32 patients with chronic tobacco exposed oral mucosa, who underwent an eSVGU for long segment anterior urethral stricture (≥9 cm), was reviewed. Outcomes were assessed with International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS), uroflowmetry with postvoid residual urine at 1, 3, and 6 months, and thereafter 6 monthly symptomatic assessments. Retrograde urethrogram was done at 3 months and repeated only if there was a recurrence. Successful urethroplasty was defined as satisfactory voiding (maximum flow rate [Qmax] >15 ml/sec) and no need for any auxiliary procedures in follow-up. Patients who lost to follow-up before 3 years were excluded from the final analysis. Data from the patients were recorded on a spreadsheet and expressed as mean and standard deviation wherever feasible. Results: Mean stricture length was 13.75 cm. Two patients were lost to follow-up after 12 months and were excluded from the final analysis. At a mean follow-up of 58 months, 19 patients (63.33%) were voiding successfully with mean IPSS 8.15 and Qmax 23.54 ml/s respectively, while 11 patients (36.67%) required auxiliary procedures and were considered failed. Conclusion: Medium-term results suggest that an eSVG can be considered as a good alternative graft for urethroplasty in patients with long anterior urethral strictures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Often, government agencies and survey organizations know the population counts or percentages for some of the variables in a survey. These may be available from auxiliary sources, for example administrative databases or other high‐quality surveys. We present and illustrate a model‐based framework for leveraging such auxiliary marginal information when handling unit and item nonresponse. We show how one can use the margins to specify different missingness mechanisms for each type of nonresponse. We use the framework to impute missing values in voter turnout in a subset of data from the US Current Population Survey. In doing so, we examine the sensitivity of results to different assumptions about the unit and item nonresponse. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The entomofauna is the object of important attention of protectionist ecologists in order to evaluate their population, a faunistic estimation of the entomofauna population of the two pear orchards located in north-western Algeria was carried out in the spring period following the cultural works and maintenance monitoring of the orchards. The 797 individuals sampled have highlighted 91 species, 46 families, and 9 orders. 68 species were noted for the orchard with east-west exposure and 55 species for the orchard with north-south exposure. The Shannon index (H') values are almost similar in both orchards, H'= 4.37 bits for the north-south orchard and H'= 4.38 bits for the east-west orchard, presenting a species composition that differs from each orchard. The beneficial functional groups are well maintained in the study station, reporting a high number of taxa (Pear orchards N/S: 24, Pear orchards E/W: 35) compared to predators and indifferent species. In our study, we have used the pitfall trapping that is one of the most commonly used methods to survey surface-active arthropods, but it showed certain limitation in capturing flying insects. Through this modest work, we reported for the first time in Algeria a parasitoid Exallonyx microserus (Hymenoptera, Proctotrupidae) sampled in the east-west orchard. No significant impact of the cultural and maintenance works effects was observed on the entomic population of the pear orchards studied. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]