35 results on '"Premières Nations"'
Search Results
2. "A Program of Pacification"?: Federal Funding and Indigenous Political Organizing in Canada, 1968–71.
- Author
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Humalajoki, Reetta
- Subjects
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ABORIGINAL Canadians , *POLITICAL organizations , *FIRST Nations of Canada ,CANADIAN politics & government - Abstract
This article explores the founding and financing of national Indigenous organizations during the shift in Canadian politics towards the ideal of participatory democracy during the late 1960s and early 1970s. It investigates the emergence of two separate organizations, the National Indian Brotherhood (nib) for "status Indians" and the Native Council of Canada (ncc) for "non-status Indians" and Métis, following the collapse of the pan-Indigenous National Indian Council (nic) in 1968. It highlights the key role that funding played in the structuring of national-level Indigenous politics but argues that accepting federal funding did not simply equate to government control. Instead, both the nib and ncc successfully resisted and – in limited ways – shaped federal policies towards Indigenous peoples. The issue of federal funding opened questions regarding Indigenous rights and self-determination, concepts that were employed in differing ways by the leaders of these organizations and federal officials. While marking a stark shift away from the earlier suppression of Indigenous political movements, federal funding was used to integrate different Indigenous groups as citizens into the Canadian settler state. Nevertheless, federal funding served not only to limit, but also to expand, the practical possibilities of Indigenous organizing, with political leaders recasting government money as the right of Indigenous peoples and a tool for self-determination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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3. Non-Indigenous and Indigenous food-related interactions: How does the transmission of a normativity perpetuate colonialism?
- Author
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Hamel-Charest, Laurence
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- 2024
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- View/download PDF
4. Understanding conversion to Jehovism among Indigenous peoples: The case of the Kitigan Zibi Anishinabeg.
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Simard-ÉMond, Arnaud
- Subjects
- *
NATIVE Americans , *INDIGENOUS peoples , *ABORIGINAL Canadians , *ANISHINAABE (North American people) , *JEHOVAH'S Witnesses , *COMMUNITIES , *INDIGENOUS children - Abstract
Although present in Aboriginal communities since the early 1930s, Jehovism among Indigenous peoples in Canada and the United States has not yet been the subject of any published ethnographic, sociological, or historical study. This article presents the result of the first ethnographic study with Jehovah's Witnesses among Aboriginal peoples in Canada. From an online field of research spanning over a period of 10 months with Anishinabe (Algonquin) Witnesses from Kitigan Zibi (Outaouais, Quebec), I explore the motivations behind the decision to become a Jehovah's Witness for the latter. I also show that the first conversions in Kitigan Zibi are mainly due to a dual historical context that created a fertile ground for conversion. Finally, I propose the concept of 'small-scale conversion' as another way to conceive the intergenerational transmission of religion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
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- View/download PDF
5. Soutenir l’équité en santé pour les Premières Nations, les Inuits et les Métis
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Margo Greenwood, Donna Atkinson, and Julie Sutherland
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équité en matière de santé ,premières nations ,inuits ,métis ,santé publique ,autochtones ,canada ,Infectious and parasitic diseases ,RC109-216 - Abstract
Le Centre de collaboration nationale de la santé autochtone (CCNSA) est unique parmi les centres de collaboration nationale, car il est le seul centre axé sur la santé d’une population. Dans ce cinquième article de la série du Relevé des maladies transmissibles au Canada sur les Centres de collaboration nationale et leur contribution à la réaction de la santé publique du Canada à la pandémie de maladie à coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19), nous décrivons le travail du CCNSA. Nous commençons par un aperçu du mandat et des domaines prioritaires du CCNSA, en décrivant son mode de fonctionnement, les personnes qu’il sert et la manière dont il est resté souple et s’est adapté à l’évolution des besoins en matière de santé publique autochtone. Les principales activités d’application et d’échange de connaissances entreprises par le CCNSA pour lutter contre la désinformation liée à la COVID-19 et pour favoriser l’utilisation opportune des données et des connaissances autochtones dans la prise de décisions en matière de santé publique pendant la pandémie sont également abordées, en mettant l’accent sur l’application des leçons apprises à l’avenir.
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- 2022
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6. Examining differences in diet quality between Canadian Indigenous and non-Indigenous adults: results from the 2004 and 2015 Canadian Community Health Survey Nutrition Surveys
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Riediger, Natalie D., LaPlante, Jeff, Mudryj, Adriana, and Clair, Luc
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- 2022
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7. Indigenous University Student Persistence: Supports, Obstacles, and Recommendations.
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Walton, Patrick, Hamilton, Kristen, Clark, Natalie, Pidgeon, Michelle, and Arnouse, Mike
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COLLEGE students ,STUDENT engagement ,CHILD care ,HISTORY of education ,INDIGENOUS peoples ,HOMESITES - Abstract
Copyright of Canadian Journal of Education / Revue Canadienne de l'Éducation is the property of Canadian Society for the Study of Education and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2020
8. La qualité de l’alimentation en relation avec le diabète de type 2 chez les Premières Nations vivant dans les réserves au Canada
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Lafortune, Ariane and Batal, Malek
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Autochtones ,Canada ,diabète de type 2 ,Premières Nations ,qualité de l’alimentation ,diet quality ,type 2 diabetes ,Indigenous ,First Nations - Abstract
Problématique. La prévalence du diabète de type 2 (DT2) est plus de trois fois plus élevée chez les Premières Nations que chez la population générale au Canada. La qualité de l'alimentation des Premières Nations vivant sur-réserve est sous-optimale, dans un contexte où de multiples politiques coloniales ont forcé une transition alimentaire et rendu les aliments sains plus difficiles d'accès. Une alimentation de faible qualité s'accompagne généralement d'un risque accru de DT2. Objectifs. 1) Comparer la qualité de l’alimentation selon le statut diabétique autodéclaré chez les Premières Nations vivant sur-réserve au Canada. 2) Évaluer les associations entre la qualité de l’alimentation et le DT2 chez cette population. Méthodologie. Les données transversales ont été collectées entre 2009–2016 lors de l’« Étude sur l’alimentation, la nutrition et l’environnement chez les Premières Nations ». Des données de rappels de 24h ont été examinées pour 5 823 adultes (âgés de 19+ ans) membres de 84 communautés dans sept régions situées au sud du 60e parallèle au Canada. Les apports absolus en nutriments, la contribution énergétique des aliments traditionnels, l’indice canadien de saine alimentation (C-HEI) et la contribution énergétique des aliments ultra-transformés selon la classification NOVA ont été calculés pour chaque participant. Des statistiques descriptives et des modèles de régression logistique multiple ont permis d'évaluer les relations entre les mesures de la qualité de l'alimentation et le statut diabétique. Résultats. La prévalence du DT2 s’élevait à 17,9% chez les adultes des Premières Nations. Les individus diabétiques avaient une alimentation de qualité sous-optimale, mais tout de même légèrement supérieure à celle des non-diabétiques selon les apports en plusieurs nutriments clés et les trois indices globaux. Les personnes diabétiques consommaient également moins de boissons sucrées et de sucreries. Par rapport à ceux du tertile le plus bas, les adultes du tertile le plus élevé de l'indice C-HEI avaient un risque 53% plus élevé de présenter un DT2 (RC = 1,53, IC à 95 % : 1,09–2,15), après ajustement pour une gamme de variables. Conclusion. Chez les adultes des Premières Nations atteints du DT2, nos résultats suggèrent une amélioration des habitudes alimentaires après le diagnostic qui reflète les recommandations nutritionnelles pour les personnes atteintes de diabète. Cette étude est utile pour le co-développement de programmes d'intervention communautaires ciblant la prévention et la gestion du diabète d'une manière culturellement appropriée., Background. The prevalence of type 2 diabetes (T2D) is more than three times higher among First Nations than in the general population in Canada. The diet quality of First Nations living on-reserve is nutritionally poor, in a context where multiple colonial policies have forced a dietary transition and made healthy foods more difficult to access. Low quality diets are generally associated with an increased risk of T2D. Objectives. 1) To compare diet quality among First Nations living on-reserve in Canada with and without T2D. 2) To measure associations between diet quality and T2D prevalence in this population. Methods. Cross-sectional data were collected between 2009–2016 during the "First Nations Food, Nutrition and Environment Study". Twenty-four-hour recall data were examined for 5,823 adults (aged 19+ years) from 84 communities in seven regions south of the 60th parallel in Canada. Absolute nutrient intakes, proportion of energy from traditional foods, the Canadian Healthy Eating Index (C-HEI) and proportion of energy from ultra-processed foods according to the NOVA classification were calculated for each participant. Descriptive statistics and multivariable logistic regression models assessed the relationships between diet quality measures and self-reported diabetes status. Results. The prevalence of T2D was 17.9% among First Nations adults. Participants with T2D had poor diet quality, but still slightly better than those without T2D based on intakes of several key nutrients and the three overall diet quality indices. Individuals with T2D also consumed fewer sugar-sweetened beverages and sweets. Compared with those in the lowest tertile, adults in the highest tertile of the C-HEI had 53% higher odds of T2D (OR = 1.53, 95% CI: 1.09-2.15), adjusting for sociodemographic and lifestyle covariates. Conclusion. Among First Nations with T2D, our results suggest an improvement in dietary habits after diagnosis that reflects dietary guidelines for people with diabetes. This is useful for the co-development of community-based intervention programs targeting the prevention and management of diabetes in a culturally appropriate way.
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- 2023
9. The First Nations Food, Nutrition and Environment Study (2008–2018)—rationale, design, methods and lessons learned
- Author
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Chan, Hing Man, Fediuk, Karen, Batal, Malek, Sadik, Tonio, Tikhonov, Constantine, Ing, Amy, and Barwin, Lynn
- Published
- 2021
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10. First Nations households living on-reserve experience food insecurity: prevalence and predictors among ninety-two First Nations communities across Canada
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Batal, Malek, Chan, Hing Man, Fediuk, Karen, Ing, Amy, Berti, Peter R., Mercille, Genevieve, Sadik, Tonio, and Johnson-Down, Louise
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- 2021
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11. Associations of health status and diabetes among First Nations Peoples living on-reserve in Canada
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Batal, Malek, Chan, Hing Man, Fediuk, Karen, Ing, Amy, Berti, Peter, Sadik, Tonio, and Johnson-Down, Louise
- Published
- 2021
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12. Regionally representative hair mercury levels in Canadian First Nations adults living on reserves
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Tikhonov, Constantine, Schwartz, Harold, Marushka, Lesya, Chan, Hing Man, Batal, Malek, Sadik, Tonio, Ing, Amy, and Fediuk, Karen
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- 2021
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13. Importance of the traditional food systems for First Nations adults living on reserves in Canada
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Batal, Malek, Chan, Hing Man, Fediuk, Karen, Ing, Amy, Berti, Peter, Sadik, Tonio, and Johnson-Down, Louise
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- 2021
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14. Heeding the Voice of Mishtameku Collaborative Ethics and the Evaluation of Research in Aboriginal Contexts Reflection on A Field Experience.
- Author
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Lachapelle, Louise, Maltais Thériault, Claudia, and Puana, Shan dak
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ETHICS , *INDIGENOUS peoples , *ACTION research , *COMMUNITY-based participatory research ,RESEARCH evaluation - Abstract
One of the main issues facing the evaluation of research--as well as collaborative ethics--involves the negotiation of power. Heeding the Voice of Mishtameku describes our field experience, which consisted of implementing shared collaborative ethics in a team we formed to evaluate certain research activities. In this context, our team also experimented with a collaborative evaluation process in Innu and Atikamekw territory. This field experience story is complemented by our reflection on the manner in which some of the issues and challenges specific to collaborative ethics in the evaluation of research in Aboriginal contexts may be identified. This experience allowed us to gain more insight into the role of evaluation in collaborative ethics and the potential of a collaboration agreement as a research evaluation tool. Through an approach aimed at creating conditions favourable to the realization of a multi-voice evaluation process equitable to every actor, is it possible to rebalancing the scales of power? [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
15. Reclaiming the Spirit of Jordan's Principle: Lessons from a Canadian Human Rights Tribunal Ruling.
- Author
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Sinha, Vandna and Churchill, Molly
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CHILDREN'S rights ,DISCRIMINATION (Sociology) ,FEDERAL government - Abstract
Copyright of Canadian Review of Social Policy / Revue Canadienne de Politique Sociale is the property of York University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2018
16. Importance of the traditional food systems for First Nations adults living on reserves in Canada
- Author
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Hing Man Chan, Amy Ing, Karen Fediuk, Malek Batal, Tonio Sadik, Peter R. Berti, and Louise Johnson-Down
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Adult ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Canada ,Community-Based Participatory Research ,030309 nutrition & dietetics ,Traditional food ,Climate change ,Aliments traditionnels ,Nutritional Status ,Indigenous ,03 medical and health sciences ,Premières Nations ,Residence Characteristics ,medicine ,Humans ,Indigenous Canadians ,Socioeconomics ,First Nations ,Consumption (economics) ,Écozones ,Changement climatique ,0303 health sciences ,Government ,030505 public health ,Special Issue on First Nations Food, Nutrition and Environment Study: Quantitative Research ,Public health ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Food frequency questionnaire ,General Medicine ,Diet ,Autochtones ,Geography ,Food ,Ecozone ,Food systems ,0305 other medical science ,Ecozones - Abstract
Objective To describe the traditional food (TF) systems of First Nations in Canada, including intake, barriers and promoters. Methods The First Nations Food, Nutrition and Environment Study is a cross-Canada participatory study of First Nations adults below the 60th parallel that obtained data for communities excluded from other national studies. A food frequency questionnaire was used to establish frequency of TF intake (number of days in a year) to allow comparisons across ecozones/regions in Canada. Grams of TF intake were also calculated using frequency multiplied by average portions from 24-h recalls. Closed- and open-ended questions attempted to identify some of the key barriers and concerns regarding TF access and use. Multivariable analyses were run to determine what factors are associated with increased TF consumption. Results Across communities, there is a strong preference by adults to have TF in the diet more often. Consumption of land animals was most frequently reported in most ecozones except for the Pacific Maritime and Mixedwood Plains, where fish and plants, respectively, were more frequently consumed. First Nations identified structural and environmental challenges such as development, government regulations and climate change, along with household barriers such as insufficient capital for equipment and transportation, lack of time and absence of a hunter in the household. Multivariable analyses revealed that the highest intake of TF occurred in the Taiga Plains ecozone, and for older individuals and men. Conclusion Identifying solutions that empower First Nations at all levels is required to overcome the multiple challenges to the inclusion of TF in the diet.
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- 2021
17. "Our Next Generation": Moving Towards a Surveillance and Prevention Framework for Youth Suicide in Saskatchewan First Nations and Métis Populations.
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Tait, Caroline L., Butt, Peter, Henry, Robert, and Bland, Roger
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SUICIDE prevention ,PUBLIC health surveillance ,SUICIDE - Abstract
Copyright of Canadian Journal of Community Mental Health is the property of Canadian Periodical for Community Studies Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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- 2017
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18. Comprehensive Nutrition Interventions in First Nation-Operated Schools in Canada
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Christina Gillies, Rosanne Blanchet, Rebecca Gokiert, Anna Farmer, and Noreen D. Willows
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Canada ,Nutrition and Dietetics ,Schools ,Strategic Communication ,school ,education ,review ,Food Services ,Medicine (miscellaneous) ,General Medicine ,Strategische Communicatie ,Indigenous ,revue ,Nutrition Policy ,Autochtones ,nutrition ,Lunch ,Premières Nations ,école ,Humans ,Child ,intervention ,First Nations - Abstract
Comprehensive school-based nutrition interventions offer a promising strategy to support healthy eating for First Nations children. A targeted strategic review was performed to identify nutrition interventions in 514 First Nation-operated schools across Canada through their websites. Directed content analysis was used to describe if interventions used 1 or more of the 4 components of the Comprehensive School Health (CSH) framework. Sixty schools had interventions. Nearly all (n = 56, 93%) schools offered breakfast, snack, and (or) lunch programs (social and physical environment). About one-third provided opportunities for students to learn about traditional healthy Indigenous foods and food procurement methods (n = 18, 30%) (teaching and learning) or facilitated connections between the school and students’ families or the community (n = 16, 27%) (partnerships and services). Few schools (n = 10, 17%) had a nutrition policy outlining permitted foods (school policy). Less than 1% (n = 3) of interventions included all 4 CSH components. Results suggest that most First Nation-operated schools provide children with food, but few have nutrition interventions that include multiple CSH components. First Nation-operated schools may require additional financial and (or) logistical support to implement comprehensive school-based nutrition interventions, which have greater potential to support long-term health outcomes for children than single approaches.
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- 2022
19. Aboriginal child welfare in British Columbia and unequal power relations: A Critical Discourse Analysis.
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Holyk, Travis and Harder, Henry G.
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CHILD welfare ,INDIGENOUS children ,CRITICAL discourse analysis - Abstract
Copyright of Canadian Review of Social Policy / Revue Canadienne de Politique Sociale is the property of York University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2016
20. La demande de pardon du pape une étape essentielle du processus de réconciliation entre les Autochtones et les non-Autochtones au Canada : étude ethnographique de douze acteurs de la réconciliation au Québec
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Prieto, Cassandre and Brodeur, Patrice
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Théologie ,Canada ,Indigenous people ,Pope ,Réconciliation ,Politics ,Reconciliation ,Pardon ,Autochtones ,Église catholique ,Premières Nations ,Peacebuilding ,Pape ,Theology ,Politique ,Catholic Church ,First Nations - Abstract
La Commission de Vérité et de Réconciliation du Canada (CVRC) qui s’est tenue du mois de juin 2008 au mois de juin 2015 avait pour objectif de faire la lumière sur la douloureuse période des pensionnats qui s’est étendue des années 1820 aux années 1990. Bien que le mandat de la CVRC se limitait uniquement au dossier des pensionnats, il illustre la fragmentation de la nation canadienne autour des rapports entre Autochtones et autres habitants du territoire canadien. Malgré la tenue de cette commission, très peu d’auteurs s’accordent sur les résultats de cette commission. Bien que l’on remarque certaines avancées, il semblerait que, plus d’une décennie plus tard, de nombreux obstacles entravent encore le chemin vers la réconciliation. Parmi eux, nous retrouvons l’absence de demande de pardon du pape aux autochtones ayant fréquenté les pensionnats catholiques. L’objectif de ce mémoire est de mieux comprendre l’importance du pardon dans le processus de réconciliation entre Autochtones et non-Autochtones au Canada. Cette recherche revêt une vision bidisciplinaire, politique et théologique, pour répondre à cet objectif. La question de recherche proposée est la suivante : pourquoi l’absence de demande de pardon du pape aux Autochtones constitue un obstacle à la réconciliation ? Nous supposons sur la base de nos lectures préliminaires que cette absence de demande de pardon est un obstacle par sa dimension politique et sa dimension spirituelle. Nous supposons également en nous basant sur la théorie de peacebuilding de John Paul Lederach, que l’attention portée sur l’absence de demande de pardon du pape constitue en soi un obstacle à la réconciliation. Pour répondre à cette question de recherche, nous avons mené une revue de la littérature approfondie sur le rôle du pardon dans un processus de réconciliation d’un point de vue politique puis spirituel. Nous avons ensuite mené une enquête pour confronter nos résultats à la réalité du terrain. Cette enquête a réuni douze acteurs locaux de la réconciliation au Québec. Certains parmi ces participants sont Autochtones, certains font partie d’une institution catholique et d’autres n’affichent aucune affiliation. Les résultats recueillis démontrent que contrairement à notre idée préliminaire, l’absence de demande de pardon du pape ne constitue pas un obstacle à la réconciliation. Cependant, c’est effectivement l’attention qui y est portée qui nuit à la réconciliation. Nos conclusions ont été bousculées par la mobilisation Wet'suwet'en qui s’est tenue dès le début de l’année 2020 au Québec et qui illustre que la réconciliation est encore un chemin sinueux parsemé d’obstacles qui doivent être pris en compte dans de futures recherches., The Truth and Reconciliation Commission held in Canada (TRC) from June 2008 to June 2015 aimed to shed light on the painful residential school era that occurred between 1820 and 1990. Although the TRC’s mandate only focused on the residential schools’ matter, it illustrates the fragmentation on relationships between Indigenous people and other Canadian inhabitants. Despite the holding of this commission, very few academic authors agree on its results. Although some progress has been noted, it seems that many obstacles still stand in the way of reconciliation. Among them is the absence of a request for forgiveness from the Pope to the natives who attended Catholic boarding schools. The purpose of this thesis is to understand the importance of forgiveness in the process of reconciliation. This research takes a bi-disciplinary, political and theological approach to meet this objective. The research question under study goes by the following: why does the absence of a Pope’s request for forgiveness to the Indigenous people constitutes an obstacle to reconciliation? We assume—based on our preliminary readings—that the absence of a request for forgiveness is an obstacle due to its political and spiritual dimensions. We also assume—based on John Paul Lederach’s theory of peace building—that the attention paid to the Pope’s lack of request for pardon itself constitutes an obstacle to reconciliation. To answer this research question, we conducted a comprehensive literature review on the role of forgiveness in processes of reconciliation from a political, and then a spiritual, point of view. We then conducted a survey to compare our results with the reality on the ground. This survey brought together twelve key players of reconciliation in Québec. Some of these participants are Indigenous, some are part of a Catholic institution, and others have no affiliation. The evidence collected in this study shows that, contrary to our preliminary idea, the absence of the Pope’s request for forgiveness does not constitute an obstacle to reconciliation. However, it is indeed the attention paid to it that undermines reconciliation. Our findings have been shaken up by the Wet’suwet’en mobilization that took place at the beginning of 2020, which illustrates that reconciliation is still a winding road dotted with obstacles that need to be considered for future research.
- Published
- 2021
21. Understanding First Nations rights and perspectives on the use of herbicides in forestry: A case study from northeastern Ontario.
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FORESTRY engineers ,FIRST Nations of Canada ,HERBICIDES ,ENVIRONMENTAL health - Abstract
Copyright of Forestry Chronicle is the property of Canadian Institute of Forestry and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
22. L'expérience et les points de vue des détenus autochtones en prison
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Gauvin, Alexandrine and Vacheret, Marion
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prison experience ,social reintegration ,Premières nations ,first nation ,programmes ,justice ,prison care system ,Autochtones ,réinsertion sociale ,Inuit ,prison ,expérience carcérale ,Aboriginal ,programs ,prise en charge - Abstract
L’objectif de cette étude est de comprendre l’expérience des détenus autochtones en détention et leurs points de vue face à la prise en charge carcérale. À cette fin, 16 entrevues avec des Autochtones incarcérés dans trois prisons provinciales du Québec ont été réalisées. Puis, nous avons analysé les entrevues à l’aide de la théorie du constructivisme sociale de Berger et Luckmann (1966) et les théories post-colonialistes. Il ressort de ces analyses que la prison s’inscrit comme une prolongation des politiques colonialistes puisqu’elle reproduit à plusieurs niveaux les traumas antérieurs. Quant à la prise en charge dans le système carcéral pour les détenus autochtones, elle est désirée, mais inadaptée. Les Autochtones subissent, donc, de la discrimination en détention., The objective of this study is to understand the experience of Aboriginal inmates in detention and their views of the prison care system. To this end, sixteen interviews with Aboriginal people incarcerated in three provincial prisons in Quebec were conducted. We then analyzed the interviews using Berger and Luckmann's (1966) theory of social constructivism and post-colonial theories. These analyzes show that prison is an extension of colonialist policies since it reproduces previous traumas on several levels. As for care in the prison system for Aboriginal prisoners, it is desired by them, but unsuitable. Aboriginal people are therefore discriminated in detention.
- Published
- 2020
23. Social Media in Remote First Nation Communities.
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Molyneaux, Heather, O'Donnell, Susan, Kakekaspan, Crystal, Walmark, Brian, Budka, Philipp, and Gihson, Kerri
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- *
SCIENTIFIC community , *SOCIAL media , *FIRST Nations of Canada , *ONLINE social networks , *INTERGENERATIONAL communication , *PSYCHOLOGICAL resilience - Abstract
Community resilience in first Nations includes ties to people both inside and outside the community, intergenerational communication, the sharing of stories, and family and community connectedness. This study, based on a survey of Internet users in the Sioux Lookout region of Northwestern Ontario, explores the link between social networking sites and community resilience. The region is home to some of the most isolated First Nation (indigenous) communities in Canada. Cultural and familial links between these communities are strong, yet until recent use of the Internet, maintaining regular communications to strengthen cultural ties was challenging. This study examines the links between travel and communication online, the ways in which social media are used to preserve culture and maintain communication, and the implications of social networking for community resilience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2014
- Full Text
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24. The First Nations Food, Nutrition and Environment Study (2008-2018)-rationale, design, methods and lessons learned
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Constantine Tikhonov, Amy Ing, Malek Batal, Tonio Sadik, Hing Man Chan, Karen Fediuk, and Lynn Barwin
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Adult ,Male ,salubrité des aliments ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Canada ,Community-Based Participatory Research ,Participatory research ,Participatory action research ,Nutritional Status ,030209 endocrinology & metabolism ,Environment ,Environmental stewardship ,Indigenous ,Food safety ,03 medical and health sciences ,recherche participative ,0302 clinical medicine ,medicine ,Humans ,Indigenous Canadians ,Socioeconomics ,Environmental degradation ,First Nations ,Nutrition ,030505 public health ,Food security ,Special Issue on First Nations Food, Nutrition and Environment Study: Quantitative Research ,Human Dimension ,Public health ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,General Medicine ,Middle Aged ,Premières nations ,Food sampling ,Autochtones ,Geography ,sécurité alimentaire ,Food ,Research Design ,Female ,0305 other medical science - Abstract
Objective To describe the rationale, the participatory nature of the methodology, and the lessons learned during the First Nations Food, Nutrition and Environment Study (FNFNES), a community-based participatory research project implemented in eight Assembly of First Nations regions, which includes the entirety of Canada south of the 60th parallel. Methods FNFNES respected the First Nations principles of Ownership, Control, Access and Possession (OCAP®) (https://fnigc.ca/ocap). A random sampling strategy based on an ecosystem framework comprising 11 ecozones was adopted to collect representative nutritional and environmental health results for all First Nations adults living on-reserve south of the 60th parallel. Data collection occurred during the fall months from 2008 to 2016. Respective First Nations were involved in the planning and implementation of data collection for the five principal components: household interviews, tap water sampling for metals, surface water sampling for pharmaceuticals, hair sampling for mercury, and traditional food sampling for contaminants. Results A total of 6487 adults from 92 First Nations participated in the Study (participation rate 78%). A higher percentage of females (66%) participated than males (34%). The average age of males and females was similar (44 and 45 years, respectively). This study offers a novel body of coherent and regionally representative evidence on the human dimension of the ongoing environmental degradation affecting First Nations. Conclusion FNFNES serves as a good example of participatory research. We encourage public health professionals to develop policy and programs building on the participatory dimension of the research as well as on its results. The information collected by the FNFNES is also important for community empowerment, environmental stewardship and the general promotion of good health by and for First Nations peoples in Canada.
- Published
- 2020
25. Regionally representative hair mercury levels in Canadian First Nations adults living on reserves
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Hing Man Chan, Harold Schwartz, Tonio Sadik, Karen Fediuk, Amy Ing, Constantine Tikhonov, Lesya Marushka, and Malek Batal
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,biosurveillance ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Canada ,Population ,Special Issue on First Nations Food, Nutrition and Environment Study: Mixed Research ,chemistry.chemical_element ,010501 environmental sciences ,01 natural sciences ,cheveux ,03 medical and health sciences ,Young Adult ,Premières Nations ,Residence Characteristics ,Environmental health ,Biomonitoring ,Mercure ,medicine ,Risk communication ,Humans ,Indigenous Canadians ,Health risk ,education ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,First Nations ,education.field_of_study ,030505 public health ,Public health ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Quebec ,General Medicine ,Mercury ,Middle Aged ,Indigenous ,3. Good health ,Mercury (element) ,Hair mercury ,Autochtones ,Geography ,chemistry ,Childbearing age ,Female ,0305 other medical science ,Environmental Monitoring ,Hair - Abstract
ObjectiveThe primary objective of this participatory study was to assess the current body burden of mercury among First Nations adults.MethodsThe First Nations Food, Nutrition and Environment Study (2008–2018) collected regionally representative data from First Nations adults living on reserves south of the 60thparallel. Mercury was analyzed in hair as a preferred biomarker for prolonged exposure. Hair samples, a 5 mm bundle cut from the occipital region, were collected from the participants who gave consent and measured for total mercury concentrations using cold vapor atomic fluorescence spectrophotometry.ResultsIn total, 3404 First Nations adults living in 92 communities provided hair samples. This represents 52.5% of the respondents to the household surveys. The mean hair mercury concentrations were 0.56 μg/g among all participants and 0.34 μg/g among women of childbearing age (WCBA). There were 64 exceedances of Health Canada’s mercury biomonitoring guidelines (44 WCBA, 8 women aged 51+ years, 3 men aged 19–50 years, and 9 men aged 51+ years).ConclusionCurrent mercury exposure no longer presents a significant clinical health risk in most of the First Nations population south of the 60thparallel across Canada. However, mercury exposure continues to be an ongoing environmental public health concern that requires continued monitoring and assessment. Women of childbearing age (19–50 years) and older individuals living in northern ecozones and Quebec have higher mercury exposures, often exceeding Health Canada’s guidelines. Careful risk communication and risk management programs need to focus on northern ecozones and Quebec.
- Published
- 2020
26. Associations of health status and diabetes among First Nations Peoples living on-reserve in Canada
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Louise Johnson-Down, Peter R. Berti, Karen Fediuk, Malek Batal, Tonio Sadik, Amy Ing, and Hing Man Chan
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Adult ,Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Canada ,Health Status ,Population ,Special Issue on First Nations Food, Nutrition and Environment Study: Mixed Research ,Diabète ,Population health ,Overweight ,Indigenous ,03 medical and health sciences ,Young Adult ,0302 clinical medicine ,Premières Nations ,Residence Characteristics ,Diabetes mellitus ,Environmental health ,medicine ,Diabetes Mellitus ,Humans ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Indigenous Canadians ,Obesity ,Obésité ,education ,Aged ,First Nations ,education.field_of_study ,030505 public health ,business.industry ,Public health ,Diabetes ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,General Medicine ,Middle Aged ,medicine.disease ,Autochtones ,Santé de la population ,Physical access ,Female ,medicine.symptom ,0305 other medical science ,business - Abstract
Objective Our objective is to describe self-reported health status, prevalence of diabetes and obesity and their associations in participants from the First Nations Food, Nutrition and Environment Study (FNFNES) in order to identify possible correlates of health in First Nations adults. Methods FNFNES is a participatory study with First Nations Peoples living on reserve lands south of the 60th parallel. Health and diabetes were self-reported, and prevalence of obesity was evaluated. Socio-demographic and lifestyle factors and traditional food (TF) activities were investigated for associations with health parameters. Results High prevalence rates of overweight/obesity (78–91%) and diabetes (19% age-standardized prevalence) were found. Smoking rates were high and physical activity was low. In multivariable analyses, obesity was associated with region, income source, age, gender, smoking and self-reported health; diabetes and lesser self-reported health were associated with obesity and lower education. Diabetes was strongly associated with lesser self-reported health and weakly associated with being a smoker. Conclusion We have identified possible correlates of health in this population that can help to better understand the underlying concerns and identify solutions for First Nations and their partners. We urge governments and First Nations to address the systemic problems identified with a holistic ecosystem approach that takes into consideration the financial and physical access to food, particularly TF, and the facilitation of improved health behaviour. New mechanisms co-developed with First Nations leadership should focus on supporting sustainable, culturally safe and healthy lifestyles and closing the gaps in nutrition and food insecurity.
- Published
- 2020
27. First Nations households living on-reserve experience food insecurity: prevalence and predictors among ninety-two First Nations communities across Canada
- Author
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Tonio Sadik, Peter R. Berti, Hing Man Chan, Malek Batal, Geneviève Mercille, Amy Ing, Karen Fediuk, and Louise Johnson-Down
- Subjects
Adult ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Canada ,030309 nutrition & dietetics ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Traditional food ,Special Issue on First Nations Food, Nutrition and Environment Study: Mixed Research ,Food sovereignty ,insécurité alimentaire ,Indigenous ,03 medical and health sciences ,State (polity) ,Premières Nations ,Residence Characteristics ,Risk Factors ,medicine ,Prevalence ,Humans ,souveraineté alimentaire ,Indigenous Canadians ,Socioeconomics ,Child ,media_common ,First Nations ,Consumption (economics) ,0303 health sciences ,Government ,Family Characteristics ,030505 public health ,Food security ,Food insecurity ,Public health ,digestive, oral, and skin physiology ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Citizen journalism ,General Medicine ,Autochtones ,Geography ,Socioeconomic Factors ,sécurité alimentaire ,aliments traditionnels ,0305 other medical science - Abstract
To describe the prevalence of food insecurity in First Nations households across Canada while identifying barriers and enablers to traditional food (TF) consumption.The First Nations Food, Nutrition and Environment Study is a cross-Canada participatory study of on-reserve First Nations from 2008 to 2018. The Household Food Security Survey Module was used to capture income-related challenges experienced by First Nations households. Households were classified as food secure, or marginally, moderately, or severely food insecure. Barriers and enablers to TF access and use were identified describing the Indigenous experience.Almost half of on-reserve First Nations households were food insecure and the prevalence was higher than that for non-Indigenous households in Canada. On-reserve food insecurity prevalence was higher in western regions of Canada. First Nations households with children experienced greater food insecurity than those without children. More adults experienced severe food insecurity than children. Most adults would like to have more TF in their diet but state that factors such as financial and household constraints, industrial activities, government regulations, climate change, and fear of contamination impede greater access. Food costs were substantially higher in remote First Nations communities, but remoteness was not associated with food security in multivariable analysis.Existing systems have been unsuccessful in curbing the food insecurity in First Nations households. Improving food security hinges on achieving Indigenous Food Sovereignty, the key to long-term conservation and stewardship of the land and the co-management of these by Indigenous Peoples. Studies investigating the feasibility of increasing TF from an Indigenous perspective are required.RéSUMé: OBJECTIFS: Décrire la prévalence de l’insécurité alimentaire chez les ménages des Premières Nations du Canada tout en identifiant les obstacles et les facilitateurs de l’alimentation traditionnelle (AT). MéTHODES: L’étude sur l’alimentation, la nutrition et l’environnement des Premières Nations dans les réserves est une étude participative pancanadienne des ménages des Premières Nations. Le module d’enquête sur la sécurité alimentaire des ménages a été utilisé pour tenir compte des défis liés au revenu qui confrontent les ménages des Premières Nations. Les ménages ont été classés comme étant en sécurité alimentaire ou insécurité alimentaire marginale, modérée ou sévère. Des obstacles et facilitateurs à l’accès et à l’utilisation des AT ont été identifiés pour décrire l’expérience autochtone. RéSULTATS: Près de la moitié des ménages dans les réserves des Premières Nations dans notre étude étaient en situation d’insécurité alimentaire et la prévalence était supérieure aux ménages non-Autochtones du Canada. L’insécurité alimentaire dans les réserves était plus élevée dans les régions de l’Ouest. Les ménages des Premières Nations ayant des enfants ont connu une plus grande insécurité alimentaire que ceux qui n’en ont pas. Plus d’adultes que d’enfants ont connu une insécurité alimentaire sévère. La plupart des adultes aimeraient avoir plus d’AT dans leur alimentation, mais affirment que des facteurs tels que les contraintes financières et domestiques, les activités industrielles, les réglementations gouvernementales, les changements climatiques et la peur de la contamination empêchent un meilleur accès. Les coûts des aliments étaient considérablement plus élevés dans les communautés isolées des Premières Nations, mais l’isolement n’était pas associé à la sécurité alimentaire dans l’analyse multivariée. CONCLUSION: Les systèmes existants ont échoué à freiner l’insécurité alimentaire chez les ménages des Premières Nations. L’amélioration de la sécurité alimentaire dépend de la réalisation de la souveraineté alimentaire autochtone, une clé pour la conservation à long terme des ressources naturelles et pour une gestion partagée de ces ressources par les peuples autochtones. Des études menées dans une perspective autochtone sur la faisabilité d’améliorer l’accès aux AT sont encore nécessaires.
- Published
- 2020
28. Supporting Young Indigenous Children's Language Development in Canada: A Review of Research on Needs and Promising Practices.
- Author
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Ball, Jessica
- Subjects
- *
INDIGENOUS children , *CHILDREN'S language , *LANGUAGE & languages , *SCHOOL failure , *LANGUAGE awareness in children , *NATIVE Americans , *INUIT children , *PROGRAMMED instruction ,ENGLISH language acquisition ,CANADIAN French - Abstract
This article offers an original review of research and reports about young Indigenous children's language development needs and approaches to meeting them. The review addresses not only children's acquisition of an Indigenous language but also their acquisition of other languages (e.g., English and French), because their progress in one linguistic domain affects their progress in others. Indigenous children have inequitable access to supports for optimal health and development and experience persistently high rates of academic failure. A search of peer-reviewed literature yielded no empirical studies that systematically assessed Indigenous children's language development and no controlled studies that evaluated the outcomes of early language facilitation programs or early interventions. Investments in culturally appropriate supports for optimal language development of young First Nations, Métis, and Inuit children are relevant to a range of policy areas, including Residential School healing programs, social justice, education, literacy, community development, employment, and literacy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2009
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
29. La fascinante émergence des littératures inuite et innue au 21e siècle au Québec : Une réinterprétation méthodologique du fait littéraire
- Author
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Chartier, Daniel, Chartier, Daniel, Université du Québec à Montréal = University of Québec in Montréal (UQAM), and Laboratoire international de recherche sur l'imaginaire du Nord, de l'hiver et de l'Arctique
- Subjects
Littérature ,[SHS.LITT]Humanities and Social Sciences/Literature ,[SHS.SOCIO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Sociology ,[SHS.GEO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Geography ,[SHS.MUSEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Cultural heritage and museology ,Poésie ,Inuits ,[SHS.LITT] Humanities and Social Sciences/Literature ,North ,Roman ,Premières Nations ,[SHS.MUSEO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Cultural heritage and museology ,Discours culturel ,Géographie ,Innu ,[SHS.SOCIO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Sociology ,Literature Modern ,Literature Analysis ,[SHS.GEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Geography ,Nord ,Autochtones du Canada ,Indigenous ,Québec ,Autochtones ,Inuit ,[SHS.HIST] Humanities and Social Sciences/History ,Territoire ,Nordicité ,[SHS.HIST]Humanities and Social Sciences/History - Abstract
The emergence of Indigenous written literatures all over the world, and particularly in the North, marks the beginning of the 21st century. For Québec, the study of the cases of Innu and Inuit literatures makes it possible to grasp the historical and methodological issues raised by this phenomenon, but also to identify great differences between these two literatures: Innu literature, close to Québec literature, shares of the same literary instances; Inuit literature, part of a circumpolar whole, remains at a distance. The functions and uses of literature (testimony, healing, transmission of knowledge), the importance of stories as a mode of knowledge and the intimate relationship with nature both differenciate them. The works of Joséphine Bacon, Naomi Fontaine, Taamusi Qumaq and Marie-Andrée Gill allow readers to discover the long-neglected world of First Nations and Inuit societies and cultures. Their international success today shows their critical interest., L’émergence des littératures écrites autochtones partout dans le monde, et particulièrement dans le Nord, marque le début du 21e siècle. Pour le Québec, l’étude des cas des littératures innue et inuite permet de saisir les enjeux historiques et méthodologiques soulevés par ce phénomène, mais aussi d’identifier de grandes différences entre ces deux littératures : la littérature innue, proche de la littérature québécoise, partage de mêmes instances littéraires; la littérature inuite, participante d’un tout circumpolaire, demeure à distance. Les fonctions et usages de la littérature (témoignage, guérison, transmission du savoir), l’importance du récit comme mode de connaissance et le rapport intime avec la nature les singularisent toutes deux. Les œuvres de Joséphine Bacon, Naomi Fontaine, Taamusi Qumaq et Marie-Andrée Gill permettent aux lecteurs de découvrir le monde longtemps minoré des sociétés et cultures des Premières Nations et des Inuits. Leur succès aujourd’hui international témoigne de l’intérêt critique qu’on leur porte., 世界各地、とくに北方で、先住民たちによって書かれた文学が出現した ことは 21 世紀初頭の特徴となっている。ケベック州にとっては、イヌーとイ ヌイットの文学的事例を研究することによって、この現象が歴史的かつ方法 論的にどのような重要な問題を提起しているか知ることができるし、同時に、 これら 2 つの文学が互いに大きく異なるものであることも知ることができる。 イヌー文学はケベック文学に近く、文学上の諸機関も共通しているのにたい して、イヌイット文学のほうは北極を取り巻くものの一部を成しており、距 離を保っている。文学の機能と利用法(証言、治癒、知識の伝達)、認識の方 法としての語りの重要性、そして自然との親密な関係といったものが 2 つの 文学をともに特徴づけている。ジョゼフィーヌ・バコン、ナオミ・フォンテー ヌ、タームシ・クマック、マリー=アンドレ・ジルの諸作品は、長いあいだ 過小評価されてきたファースト・ネイションズやイヌイットたちの世界を読 者たちに発見させてくれる。彼らの作品が今日国際的に成功していることは、 人々がそれらに向ける批評的関心の高さを裏づけている。
- Published
- 2019
30. The Association Between Food Security and Diet Quality Among First Nations Living On-Reserve in Canada
- Author
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Steinhouse, Lara and Batal, Malek
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Canada ,Food processing ,NOVA ,Food insecurity ,Insécurité alimentaire ,HEI ,Food security ,Transformation alimentaire ,Autochtones ,Premières Nations ,Sécurité alimentaire ,Qualité de l'alimentation ,Aboriginal ,Diet quality ,First Nations - Abstract
Problématique: La prévalence de l’insécurité alimentaire chez les Premières Nations est plus élevée que chez les Canadiens en général, un fardeau qui s’ajoute aux prévalences inquiétantes de maladies chroniques liées à l’alimentation. Cependant, peu d’information existe sur la relation entre l’IA et la qualité de la diète pour les PN vivant sur réserve. Objectif: Étudier la corrélation entre l’insécurité alimentaire et la qualité de l’alimentation chez les PN adultes vivant sur-réserve dans 5 régions au Canada (sud du 60ème parallèle). Méthodes: Des données de rappels alimentaires de 24 heures, issues d’une étude transversale intitulée « Étude sur l’alimentation, la nutrition et l’environnement des Premières Nations », ont été analysées à l’aide de 2 indices de qualité de la diète : une adaptation canadienne du « Healthy Eating Index » (HEI) et NOVA, une classification qui se base sur la nature et le degré de la transformation alimentaire. Des analyses de régression ont exploré les facteurs sociodémographiques reliés à l’IA et à la qualité de la diète. Les scores du HEI, ainsi que la contribution énergétique des groupes NOVA ont été comparés par niveau d’IA. Résultats: La prévalence d’IA était élevée (35,7%), surtout chez les ménages avec des enfants (40,4%), les ménages sans emploi (45,4%), et ceux qui reçoivent l’assistance sociale (55,5%). Le sexe, le groupe d’âge et l’éducation étaient aussi corrélés à l’IA. Le score moyen du HEI était faible (49,0 ± 12,65) et était associé avec le sexe, l’âge, la région, le recours à l’assistance sociale, la consommation d’aliments traditionnels (AT), la participation aux activités d’AT, l’éducation, et l’IA. Les scores totaux du HEI étaient significativement plus élevés pour ceux en sécurité alimentaire (49,7) que ceux en IA (48,1), mais ils ne l’étaient plus après ajustement pour des facteurs sociodémographiques. Cependant, l’IA est demeurée significativement associée à des apports plus élevés en ingrédients culinaires transformés (sucres, huiles végétales), à des apports plus faibles en fruits et légumes et en plats cuisinés à la maison. Conclusion: Une relation significative, quoique faible, entre l’IA et la qualité de la diète a été observée. Les résultats ont révélé un besoin d’explorer les questions de revenu, d’assistance sociale et d’accès aux AT pour améliorer l’environnement alimentaire des PN., Background: First Nations (FN) experience high levels of food insecurity that greatly exceed those of the non-aboriginal population. Associated with this burden are alarming rates of obesity and nutrition-related chronic disease. Little is known about food insecurity’s relationship to diet quality outcomes for FN living on-reserve. Objective: This study explores the associations between household food insecurity (FI) and poor diet quality for FN adults living on-reserve in 5 Canadian regions (south of the 60th parallel). Methods: Dietary recall data from the First Nation Food Nutrition and Environment Study (FNFNES), a cross-sectional study, were analyzed using two diet quality indices: a Canadian Healthy Eating Index (HEI) and NOVA, which assesses diet by level of food processing. Regression analyses explored socio-demographic correlates of FI and diet quality. HEI total and component scores and the caloric contribution of NOVA groups and subgroups were compared between food security levels. Results: FI prevalence was high (35.7%), notably in households with children (40.4%), those where all members are unemployed (45.4%), and those receiving social assistance (55.5%). Sex, age group, and education level were also correlated with FI. The mean total HEI score was low (49.0 12.65). Total HEI mean scores were associated with sex, age group, region, social assistance, traditional food consumption, any household TF activity, and education. They were also significantly higher for people from food secure households compared to FI (49.7 vs. 48.1, respectively), though not after adjusting for socio-demographic variables. After adjustments, FI remained significantly associated with higher intakes of processed culinary ingredients (sugars and plant oils), lower intakes of homemade dishes, and less fruit and vegetable consumption. Conclusions: This study found a small, but significant, relationship between food insecurity and diet quality. Findings also emphasized the need to address income, social assistance benefits and access to traditional foods to improve food security and nutritional outcomes for First Nations.
- Published
- 2018
31. Une réécriture amérindienne du théâtre de Shakespeare : Hamlet-le-Malécite
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Françoise Besson
- Subjects
Literature ,Canada ,mythes ,lcsh:English language ,Shakespeare ,business.industry ,Philosophy ,General Medicine ,Hamlet ,autochtones ,écologie ,Premières Nations ,Denunciation ,Depiction ,résistance ,langues ,lcsh:PE1-3729 ,business ,Inscribed figure - Abstract
A recent Canadian rewriting of Shakespeare’s Hamlet stages characters in a Native Canadian reserve in Quebec. This paper shows how theatrical mixity may be seen as an element of resistance and the mise en abyme of theatre as an instrument of denunciation of the evils of the time. This Canadian play exposes all the evils afflicting the First Nations today and all the damage caused to their territories for the sake of profit. The play, using several languages, also illustrates how language may be an element of resistance through the depiction of the predicament of a particular community inscribed in the eternally repeated history of mankind.
- Published
- 2011
32. L’association entre le niveau de sécurité alimentaire des Premières Nations du Manitoba et leurs apports nutritionnels
- Author
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Decelles, Stéphane, Receveur, Olivier, and Batal, Malek
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Canada ,Food insecurity ,Insécurité alimentaire ,Manitoba ,Apports alimentaires ,Nutrient intake ,Body Mass Index ,Autochtones ,Adultes ,Premières Nations ,Apports nutritionnels ,Food Security ,Food intake ,Sécurité alimentaire ,Adults ,Aboriginals ,First Nations ,Indice de masse corporelle - Abstract
Les taux d’insécurité alimentaire (IA) chez les Premières Nations au Canada sont plus élevés que chez les Canadiens de la population générale. L’IA est généralement associée à des apports nutritionnels moins avantageux, toutefois peu d’études se sont penchées sur cette question pour les Premières Nations vivant sur-réserve. Le but de cette recherche est de déterminer, à partir de 550 observations, s’il existe une association entre le niveau de sécurité alimentaire et les apports nutritionnels chez des adultes (> 18 ans) des Premières Nations sur-réserve du Manitoba et d’identifier les types d’aliments qui pourraient expliquer les différences statistiquement significatives. Chez les hommes, aucune des différences statistiquement significatives entre les niveaux de sécurité alimentaire pourraient avoir un effet notable sur la santé nutritionnelle puisque les nutriments en question ne sont pas « à risque » dans la population. Chez les femmes, les apports sont significativement différents entre les niveaux de sécurité alimentaire pour quelques nutriments qui sont « à risque » dans la population. Pour les femmes de 19-30 ans en IA, les apports sont supérieurs en vitamine A, en folate et en calcium. En contraste, les apports sont inférieurs en vitamines A et B6 et en potassium pour les femmes de 31-50 ans en IA, et inférieurs en vitamine B6 pour les femmes de 51-70 ans en IA. Lorsque les apports sont ajustés pour les apports énergétiques, les différences demeurent seulement statistiquement significatives pour la vitamine B6 chez les femmes de 31-50 ans et 51-70 ans. Les groupes d’aliments potentiellement responsables des différences sont identifiés. En conclusion, chez les Premières Nations du Manitoba, peu d’associations statistiquement significatives ont été identifiées entre le niveau de sécurité alimentaire et les apports en nutriments considérés « à risque » dans la population. Ceci est particulièrement le cas après ajustement pour la multiplicité des tests statistiques effectués., Food insecurity (FI) rates in First Nations of Canada are much higher as compared to Canada’s general population. FI is generally related to lower quality diets, however, few studies have evaluated this in First Nations on-reserve. The goal of this study was to identify, using data from 550 individuals, whether nutrient intakes were related to food security status in Manitoba First Nation adults (>18 years old) on-reserve. Furthermore, the types of foods that could be responsible for the statistically significant differences were identified. In men, none of the significant differences between food security levels could have had an effect on either group’s nutritional health given that these nutrients are not considered « at risk » in the population. As for women, intakes were significantly different between food security groups for a few nutrients at risk in the population. For women 19 to 30 years of age, intakes of vitamin A, folate and calcium were significantly higher in those with FI status. On the other hand, intakes of vitamins A and B6 and potassium were significantly lower in FI 31-50 year old women, and intakes of vitamin B6 were lower in FI 51-70 year old women. Only intakes of vitamin B6 in 31-50 and 51-70 year old women remained significant in the analysis where nutrient intakes are adjusted for energy intakes. Foods that are potentially responsible for these significant differences were identified. In conclusion, few nutrients at risk were significantly associated with food security status in Manitoba First Nations. This is particularly true if statistics are adjusted for the multiple comparisons problem (Bonferroni correction).
- Published
- 2015
33. Les droits linguistiques des peuples autochtones au Québec et en Ontario
- Author
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Baillairgé, Caroline
- Subjects
Autochtones ,Ontario ,Canada ,Premières Nations ,Inuit ,Langue ,Droits linguistiques ,Métis ,Québec - Abstract
Cette thèse se veut un examen de la protection accordée aux droits linguistiques des autochtones du Québec et de l’Ontario par le droit international, le droit constitutionnel canadien et la législation fédérale et provinciale. Par l’étude des dispositions législatives, de la jurisprudence et de la doctrine pertinentes, on tente de déterminer la portée des obligations des gouvernements fédéral et provinciaux relativement à la protection des langues autochtones. Bien que la revitalisation de leurs langues doive se faire avant tout par les autochtones, l’État a un rôle important à jouer dans le développement et la promotion des langues, par exemple en mettant en place des programmes de financement ou en favorisant l’usage des langues autochtones à l’extérieur des communautés. On remarque une ouverture à la reconnaissance de droits linguistiques en faveur des autochtones, même s’ils ne jouissent pas encore de droits comparables à ceux reconnus aux minorités francophones et anglophones.
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- 2012
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- View/download PDF
34. Association entre l'insécurité alimentaire et les apports en nutriments chez les Premières Nations de la Colombie-Britannique
- Author
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Eid, Lara and Receveur, Olivier
- Subjects
Canada ,Food insecurity ,Insécurité alimentaire ,Dietary intake ,Colombie-Britannique ,Apports alimentaires ,Food security ,Autochtones ,Adultes ,British-Columbia ,Premières Nations ,Apports nutritionnels ,Food intake ,Traditional Food ,Sécurité alimentaire ,Adults ,Nourriture traditionnelle ,First Nations - Abstract
Cette étude a pour but de vérifier l’association entre l’insécurité alimentaire et les apports nutritionnels des Premières Nations vivant sur les réserves de la Colombie-Britannique, ainsi que la présence d’interactions de la nourriture traditionnelle dans la relation entre l’insécurité alimentaire et les apports nutritionnels. Un rappel de 24h et le questionnaire sur l’insécurité alimentaire du HFSSM adapté par Santé Canada provenant de la First Nations Food, Nutrition and Environment Study (FNFNES) ont servi pour les analyses statistiques chez 493 femmes et 356 hommes dans 21 communautés de Premières Nations de la Colombie-Britannique. Aucune association entre l’insécurité alimentaire et les apports nutritionnels totaux n’a été observée dans notre échantillon. Par contre, la nourriture traditionnelle interagissait dans la relation entre l’insécurité alimentaire et les apports nutritionnels pour plusieurs nutriments chez les hommes et chez les femmes. Chez les femmes, la qualité nutritionnelle pourrait jouer un rôle important dans la relation entre l’insécurité alimentaire et les apports nutritionnels. Chez les hommes, des différences dans les comportements alimentaires pourraient être associées au manque de nourriture traditionnelle chez ceux ayant manifesté une insécurité alimentaire grave. Enfin, les interactions de la nourriture traditionnelle dans la relation entre l’insécurité alimentaire et les apports nutritionnels laissent croire que les hommes et les femmes souffrant peu ou pas d’insécurité alimentaire ajoutent ce type d’alimentation à leurs apports quotidiens. À l’inverse, ceux et celles qui souffrent d’insécurité alimentaire grave utiliseraient la nourriture traditionnelle pour remplacer la nourriture commerciale., The aim of this study was to verify the association between food insecurity and dietary intake of First Nations living on reservations in British-Columbia and to assess interactions of traditional food in the relationship between food insecurity and dietary intake. We analyzed data for 493 women and 356 men in 21 First Nations communities in British-Columbia using a 24h-food recall and the Health Canada adapted version of the HFSSM Food security questionnaire from the First Nations Food, Nutrition and Environment Study (FNFNES). We did not find any association between food security and total dietary intake for women and for men. However, traditional food was found to be interacting in the relationship between food security and total dietary intake for many nutrients for men and women. For First Nations women, diet quality could have a major impact in the relationship between food insecurity and dietary intakes. For men, differences in dietary behaviours could have been associated to a lack of traditional food in the worse cases of food insecurity. Moreover, interactions of traditional food in the relationship between food security and total dietary intake leave us to believe that men and women, from moderate food-insecure and food-secure households, add this kind of food to their daily intake whereas men and women from serious food-insecure households seem to replace commercial foods with traditional foods.
- Published
- 2011
35. Community-based broadband organizations and video communications for remote and rural First Nations in Canada
- Author
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O'Donnell, Susan, Perley, Sonja, Walmark, B., Burton, K., Beaton, B., and Sark, A.
- Subjects
Canada ,communautés ,à très large bande ,communication ,communications ,self-determination ,Premières nations ,video ,remote ,social movement ,vidéo ,Autochtones ,mouvement social ,videoconferencing ,vidéoconférences ,autodétermination ,community ,broadband ,rural ,communautés éloignées ,Aboriginal ,development ,communautés rurales ,développement ,First Nations - Abstract
Our research is building understanding about how two community-based First Nations organizations in Canada are using video communications on broadband networks to support economic and social development in remote and rural First Nations. This study situates these two organizations within a broader social movement working toward self-determination for First Nations in Canada, exploring their use of video communications in this context. Video communications using broadband networks includes videoconferences (live and archived) and online videos. The research methodology for this study includes a content analysis of hundreds of archived videoconferences and videos on the servers of the two organizations as well as interviews with key informants using these technologies to develop remote and rural First Nations communities., Proceedings of the Community Informatics Research Network (CIRN) 2007 Conference, November 5-7, 2007, Prato, Italy
- Published
- 2007
Catalog
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