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Graphs are commonly used to represent objects, such as images and text, for pattern classification. In a dynamic world, an object may continuously evolve over time, and so does the graph extracted from the underlying object. These changes in graph structure with respect to the temporal order present a new representation of the graph, in which an object corresponds to a set of time-variant graphs. In this paper, we formulate a novel time-variant graph classification task and propose a new graph feature, called a graph-shapelet pattern, for learning and classifying time-variant graphs. Graph-shapelet patterns are compact and discriminative graph transformation subsequences. A graph-shapelet pattern can be regarded as a graphical extension of a shapelet—a class of discriminative features designed for vector-based temporal data classification. To discover graph-shapelet patterns, we propose to convert a time-variant graph sequence into time-series data and use the discovered shapelets to find graph transformation subsequences as graph-shapelet patterns. By converting each graph-shapelet pattern into a unique tokenized graph transformation sequence, we can measure the similarity between two graph-shapelet patterns and therefore classify time-variant graphs. Experiments on both synthetic and real-world data demonstrate the superior performance of the proposed algorithms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article explores the links between older people's homelessness and family relationships and aims to inform social work practice frameworks. Whilst breakdown in family relationships is widely recognised as linked to being at risk of homelessness, there is less understanding of the interplay of family, both positive and negative, with older people's homelessness. Drawing on a study incorporating data mining of service records, this article aims to provide clarity on supportive and troubled family relationships and their links to housing crises as experienced by older Australians. The findings highlight a number of domains for social work practice including undertaking skilled assessments to understand the strengths and constraints experienced by families. Assessments will then inform intervention to support and provide resources to some families to prevent their older family members' homelessness and to intervene in both a preventative and empowering way to address elder abuse. The implications for policy, in particular, the need for sectors of housing, aged care and health to intersect, are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Group recommendation has become highly demanded when users communicate in the forms of group activities in online sharing communities. These group activities include student group study, family TV program watching, friends travel decision, etc. Existing group recommendation techniques mainly focus on the small user groups. However, online sharing communities have enabled group activities among thousands of users. Accordingly, recommendation over large groups has become urgent. In this paper, we propose a new framework to accomplish this goal by exploring the group interests and the connections between group users. We first divide a big group into different interest subgroups, each of which contains users closely connected with each other and sharing the similar interests. Then, for each interest subgroup, our framework exploits the connections between group users to collect a comparably compact potential candidate set of media-user pairs, on which the collaborative filtering is performed to generate an interest subgroup-based recommendation list. After that, a novel aggregation function is proposed to integrate the recommended media lists of all interest subgroups as the final group recommendation results. Extensive experiments have been conducted on two real social media datasets to demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of our proposed approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Soil calcium carbonate is a key component of the regolith, particularly in arid and semi-arid regions. It influences soil properties, is an important terrestrial carbon store, and is used in mineral exploration. Previous national overviews of soil carbonate distribution have been compiled from regional soil, regolith or geological maps with varying degrees of confidence and consistency. Here we develop a decision tree approach based on a piecewise linear regression model to map soil calcium carbonate abundance at the continental scale. The model is based on relationships established from 1311 field sites sampled across Australia at two depths (0–10 and ~ 60–80 cm) and 49 national environmental predictor datasets reflecting fundamental soil formation processes (e.g., climate, parent material, relief). The resulting map of soil calcium carbonate distribution is based on the median results of twenty model runs generated by randomly selecting 90% training and 10% validation splits of the input data. Results present an average coefficient of determination (R 2 ) of 0.5 on the validation dataset. The predictors used in the modelling are consistent with our understanding of the controls on the sources (inputs), formation, and preservation of soil calcium carbonate across Australian landscapes. The model produces a continuous, internally consistent, quantitative prediction of soil calcium carbonate abundance in surficial regolith at a resolution of 90 m with associated uncertainty estimates. This type of analysis provides a framework for better understanding environmental controls on regolith processes and has the potential to also be used to predict other soil geochemical properties. Furthermore, the methodology has utility globally where geochemical survey data are available. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose -- The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between leadership behaviors and knowledge management (KM) practices. More specifically, it aims to examine the influence of transformational and transactional leadership behaviors on KM, and the moderating effect of organizational culture on this relationship, in the context of small-to-medium sized enterprises (SMEs) operating in Australia. Design/methodology/approach -- A total of four hypotheses were proposed for testing. It also provides is a succinct review of KM basics relevant to the study, the relationship between leadership and KM, and leadership and organizational culture. Findings -- The results suggest that both transformational and transactional leadership are positively related to KM practices. They also reveal that charismatic leadership and contingent reward leadership behaviors have greater influence on all the dimensions of KM practices. Research limitations/implications -- A key limitation of this study is its cross-sectional nature. It is possible that at least certain aspects of leadership and organizational culture, and its impact on KM practices emerge with some kind of time lag. A longitudinal treatment of data might yield additional insights into the impact of leadership behaviors and organizational culture. This study was also unable to actually observe managers interacting with followers. Practical implications -- The results of the study are generally consistent with theoretical predictions based on extant research. Originality/value -- The results of this study provide compelling evidence in support of the moderating role of organizational culture on the relationship between transactional leadership and KM and will be of interest to those in the field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The National Broadband Network (NBN) is the largest public infrastructure project in the history of Australia. The goal of the NBN is to provide Australians with broadband internet access by using a mix of technologies, ranging from fibre and hybrid fibre-coaxial to fixed wireless and satellite platforms. Although the NBN is a public project, one of the more vexing aspects of its evolution is its lack of data transparency. There is virtually no information on platform use or footprint distribution throughout the country. Not only does this drastically limit evidence-based telecommunications policy analysis, it also limits the ability to evaluate equity in the spatial distribution of broadband connectivity and infrastructure quality. The purpose of this paper is to uncover the geographic presence of the various NBN technologies using data mining techniques and census-based socio-spatial data (SEIFA). The results portray the complexity of the NBN footprint across three metropolitan regions of Sydney, Melbourne, and Brisbane – with a focus on how the mixed-technology platform adopted divides major Australian cities. • The National Broadband Network (NBN) is the largest public infrastructure project in the history of Australia. • There is limited information on the geographic distribution of the various NBN technologies throughout the country. • This paper aims to uncover the NBN footprint using data mining techniques and census-based socio-spatial data (SEIFA). • The results portray the complexity of the NBN footprint across three metropolitan regions of Sydney, Melbourne, and Brisbane. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]