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The purpose of this study is to explore the working conditions and attitudes towards work among the youth of Braga, Portugal. Focusing on residents of the Municipality of Braga born between 1990 and 2000, we employed a quantitative approach using a non-probabilistic convenience sampling method, with a sample size of 406 people. The survey, conducted through questionnaires, reveals a complex interplay between the youth's work attitudes and their conditions. Despite the predominance of precarious employment, their work experiences and expectations do not entirely reflect this instability. Our findings suggest a shift in the role of work in the youths' identity compared to previous generations. This shift, common in post-industrial societies, shows that their identity is increasingly tied to the sociability their work enables and other life spheres where they seek fulfilment, as evidenced by how they utilize their earnings from these occupations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current study provides the first investigation on the attitudes of Middle Eastern individuals on the Russia-Ukraine conflict. Most prior studies on individuals' attitudes towards the Russia-Ukraine conflict were conducted on social media data (mostly Twitter, Facebook now known as X). Importantly, most of these studies often using sentimental analyses. One limitation of the use of publicly available data is the lack of testing specific hypotheses. Accordingly, in the current study, a novel survey was developed and used to study which includes questions probed individuals' attitudes including cognitive (awareness and knowledge), emotional (feelings and empathy), and social-behavioural (behaviors and actions) aspects of the Russia-Ukraine conflict. Further, demographical data was also collected from all participants (n = 370) including age, gender, country of residence, country of citizenship, academic qualifications, academic specialization, job, and income. In the current study, an extensive number of statistical analyses was conducted, including group comparisons, correlational analyses, factor analyses, and regression analysis. Our results are as follows: factor analyses suggest that the survey includes two different constructs: questions about the war in general and questions supporting Russia. Further, results show that cognitive and socio-behavioural aspects of the scale (but not emotional aspects) are related to many demographical variables, suggesting that the impact of the Russia-Ukraine conflict on Arabic people is more cognitive than emotional, possibly due to geographical distance and cultural differences between the Middle East and Russia/Ukraine. Importantly, our factor analysis shows that there was stronger support for Ukraine than Russia among Arabic people. Our findings have implications for understanding the public opinions of individuals in the Middle East towards the Russia-Ukraine conflict. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Swedes uphold progressive attitudes regarding family, sexuality, and gender norms. At the same time, Sweden has had generous immigration policies for decades. This leads to challenges for children of immigrants, who must navigate between expectations from their family and the surrounding society. Therefore, this study asks whether children of immigrants' attitudes relating to family, sexuality and gender roles adapt and approach those of their Swedish-background peers, using the Swedish branch of the CILS4EU survey (n = 5434). We account for dynamics in three ways: We compare attitudes of first- and second-generation immigrants; compare attitudes of youth to those of their parents; and study change in youth's attitudes over time. In favour of acculturation, we find that second-generation immigrants have more liberal attitudes than first-generation immigrants, that immigrant-background youth are closer to majority peers in attitudes than their parents are to majority parents, and that gender norms of immigrant-background youth move closer to those of Swedish-background youth over time. For attitudes relating to family and sexuality, however, we find a divergence in attitudes over time, but not because immigrant-background youth become less liberal: Their views do become more liberal, but majority youth see an even stronger change in the same direction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to investigate the relationship between attitudes, motivation, and school sports engagement frequency, using the newly constructed Attitudes and Motivation Toward School Sports Questionnaire (AMTSSQ) inventory as a tool for assessment. The study found a significant effect of attitudes (F = 11.96, p < .001, np² = 0.02) and motivation (F = 19.63, p < .001, np²= 0.03) with strong positive correlation coefficients (r = 0.71) between attitudes, motivation, and school sports engagement frequency. However, Bayesian analyses supported the null hypothesis with moderate to strong evidence (Bayes Factor < 0.33), and credible intervals for effect size and R² were relatively narrow. Additionally, school sports engagement frequency is not significantly related to motivation (b = -0.08 to 0.03, p > .05), and the highest order unconditional interaction of school sports engagement frequency and attitudes was not significant (F = 1.18, p = .315). However, attitudes were strongly related to motivation (R²= .99), suggesting that students who viewed school sports as important and developed had higher motivation toward school sports. Hence, we can conclude that the AMTSSQ reliably and validly assesses students’ attitudes and motivation toward school sports, and we found positive associations between attitudes and motivation. The findings suggest that attitudes towards school sports, like the perceived importance and developmental benefits, are significant predictors of motivation and may influence engagement in school sports. However, school sports engagement frequency did not moderate the relationship between attitudes and motivation. These findings have implications for promoting physical activity and student-school sports participation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One in eight children in the UK experience a mental disorder, which increases when we look at looked after children's prevalence alone. Due to these climbing rates, the Improving Access to Psychological Therapies program was introduced, which involves the mandatory inclusion of routine outcome measures (ROMS) in England. However, this increased implementation of ROMs has often been met with uncertainty by professionals. Whilst research into attitudes regarding ROMs has already been conducted in children's services, no systematic review exists looking at this population's views regarding this form of monitoring. The current research sought to systematically review attitudes to using ROMs in children's services, and to specifically consider these findings in relation to looked after children, including those in residential care. Results showed that overall positive views were held regarding the use of ROMs by clinicians, families, and young people alike. However only three studies included children/adolescents as participants, with no studies considering looked after children, making it hard to decipher the true opinions of young people with regard to ROMS. Future directions include putting the child's beliefs more at the heart of ROMs research, engaging looked after children in research by actively asking for their thoughts on the use of ROMs, and making ROMs more accessible for all children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Predator Free 2050 (PF2050) is an ambitious goal that aims to remove three types of invasive mammals from New Zealand by 2050. It will require a significant amount of funding, research, and support. Young adults will have an important role to play for this programme to be successful. Therefore, understanding the awareness and attitudes of young adults towards PF2050, and predator control, is an essential consideration. A survey of 1479 18- to 24-year-olds was conducted in 2017. The results showed that a higher percentage of young adults than members of the broader public view the small, introduced mammals as threats to New Zealand's environment. Furthermore, this study highlights support for the control of feral, stray, and domestic cats. More focused research on attitudes towards cats is recommended to gauge which control methods are approved of by young adults. Indeed, methods appear to be a key factor to young adults supporting PF2050. The aerial distribution of poison was largely viewed negatively, and moderate concern was expressed about the targeted animal's welfare. Interestingly, young adults appeared to be open to the use of gene editing and gene drive, although they expressed caution. Targeted communication towards young adults on toxins and genetic methods is recommended. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study holds practical significance as it delves into the psychological challenges faced by individuals preparing for marriage, a critical phase that sets the tone for their future relationship. By focusing on the pre-marital stage, the study aims to address issues that could impact the success of the marital union. This study Aims to identify psychological issues faced by soon-to-be-married individuals and provide necessary support and counseling, assess the level of psychological health among soon-to-be-married individuals, and to evaluate attitudes towards marriage expectations and forms (early, late, and multiple). The study holds theoretical importance by addressing the rising divorce rates among marriage applicants and contributing to the body of research on marital life. Additionally, it fills a gap in existing research on mental health and attitudes towards marriage specifically in Taif governorate. The results of study concluded the males exhibit a more favorable attitude towards marriage compared to females, Individuals aged 20-25 display the most positive attitudes towards marriage, Undergraduate individuals show better attitudes towards marriage compared to other educational levels, males demonstrate better mental health compared to females, individuals under 20 years old show better mental health compared to other age groups, undergraduate individuals exhibit better mental health compared to other educational levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: Cannabis use is associated with greater likelihood of psychosis. The relationship between attitudes about cannabis and use has not been examined in youth at clinical high‐risk (CHR) for psychosis. Additionally, the shifting legal landscape can provide a valuable context for evaluating use and related attitudes. Methods: This study included 174 participants (44 CHR, 43 healthy control [HC] youth‐parent dyads). Youth completed measures of self‐reported cannabis use confirmed with a urinalysis, self‐perceived risk and perceived peer attitudes. Parents reported attitudes about youth use. Legalization occurred halfway during a 5‐year study in Colorado, providing an opportunity to cross‐sectionally examine its role in use and attitudes. Results: Frequency of youth reporting cannabis use was significantly higher in CHR (69%) than control group (30%). Use in CHR group was associated with higher perceived peer approval (r =.57), increased parental permissiveness (r =.28) and lower self‐perceived risk (r = −.26). Comparing samples participating pre and post‐legalization, use remained stable within each group. Group differences in parental permissiveness shifted; trend toward decrease in permissiveness in CHR group (η2partial =.07) and a significant increase in HCs (η2partial =.16) were observed. Post‐legalization, use in CHR group correlated with higher perceived peer approval (r =.64), lower self‐perceived risk (r = −.51) and higher parental permissiveness (r =.35, trend). Conclusions: Taken together, results indicate a relationship between self and peer/parental attitudes about cannabis and use in youth at CHR for psychosis. These factors are important to consider within the legalization context given the changes in parental attitudes and a stronger association between use and attitudes in this group post‐legalization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sexual and gender minority (SGM) and racial or ethnic minority youth at-risk for or living with HIV may have higher risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection. However, there are few data on vaccine hesitancy/acceptance and COVID-19 self-protective behaviors among this population. Youth aged 15–24 years (n = 440), predominantly African American and Latine (73%, n = 320) SGM, from Los Angeles and New Orleans reported their vaccine attitudes and COVID-19 and HIV preventive behaviors in October 2020. Latent class analyses categorized individuals into groups based on their vaccine attitudes and preventive behaviors. Relationships between these groups and other factors were analyzed using Fisher's exact tests, ANOVA, and logistic regression. Most youth had accepting vaccine attitudes (70.2%, n = 309), with 20.7% hesitant (n = 91), and 9.1% resistant (n = 40). SGM and African Americans were significantly less accepting than their cis-gender and heterosexual peers. About two-thirds (63.2%, n = 278) of the respondents reported consistent COVID-19 self-protective behaviors. Youth with pro-vaccine attitudes were most consistently self-protective; however, only 54.4% (n= 168/309) intended to take a COVID-19 vaccine. Homelessness history, race, and sexual orientation were associated with vaccine attitudes. Accepting vaccine attitudes and consistent COVID-19 self-protective behaviors were closely related. COVID-19 attitudes/behaviors were not associated with HIV risk and only loosely associated with SARS-CoV-2 vaccine intentions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The COVID-19 pandemic had an unprecedented overall impact on the Romanian people. Just like the rest of the world, the Romanian people had to deal with the consequences of the dramatic changes that took place in their everyday life. A sample of 3503 young people, all residents of Constanta County, aged between 19 and 25 years old, was assessed with two questionnaires: The Emotional Distress Profile and Attitudes and Beliefs Survey. The purpose of the study is to identify significant differences between rural and urban residents, regarding these two psychological dimensions. Our results show that youth in the rural environment state their much more distressed and have much more irrational beliefs than those in urban environment. Results are discussed at the end of the paper in the context of the preparations people have to make in face of the COVID-19 fifth wave that is coming. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sexuality is fundamental for humanity, and is present in all stages of our lives. Assessing sexuality in young people allows professionals to act appropriately and rigorously, and to respond as accurately as possible to their demands and needs. The objective of this study is to validate a questionnaire on sexual-affective attitudes and practices in a sample made up of a total of 739 students from the University of Granada, with the aim of exploring and confirming an adjustable factorial structure. The resulting solution consists of a questionnaire made up of a total of sixteen items distributed across two dimensions. Based on the obtained results, we can confirm that the "Questionnaire on Sexual-Affective Attitudes and Practices in Young People" offers a structure with excellent internal consistency and construct validity, presenting a valid and reliable tool for analyzing the sexual attitudes and practices of young people. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The perpetual negative attitudes and perceptions of the young community members towards the older persons signal a gradual degeneration and polarization of the expected mutually harmonious relationships. This state of affairs has negatively influenced the socioeconomic and biopsychosocial welfare of the older persons. This paper provides scant social work literature on the attitudes and perceptions of young community members towards older persons in Ramatlabama Village in the North West Province of South Africa and how these impacts on their acquisition needed welfare resources. Adopting a qualitative convenient-purposive sampling, the study engaged twenty participants who consisted of ten young and ten older persons from Ramatlabama Village. The data was analysed qualitatively and the findings of the study showed that young people’s attitudes towards and perceptions of older people were negative especially when the elderly were female, denoting also patriarchal attitudes. This negative attitudinal and perceptual position jeopardises the welfare of the older persons and the acquisition of the resources needed for optimal living. The conclusion reached was that the older persons are prone to negative attitudes and perceptions in the village which lessen their ability to acquire welfare resources for meeting their daily needs. Relevant recommendations have been made to facilitate social work interventions with older persons in rural communities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed basically at identifying, the attitudes of university youth towards entrepreneurship, The population research represented in the total students in the fourth grade of the faculty of agriculture, with all their scientific disciplines, they were 778 student. A simple sample was selected randomly; It was amounted to 160 student. Step – Wise Regression and Person's Correlation were used to know the influence of some independent variables such family size, standard of family income, the degree of geographical openness, the degree of cultural openness, the degree of achievement and level of social participation, on the independent variables that were represented in the level of entrepreneurship knowledge of university youth and their attitudes towards entrepreneurship. Regarding the Comparative Analysis (t- test) there were significant differences in the independent variables according to Gender, differences of rural and urban. The results of the t-test showed that there were significant differences between urban and rural in favor of urban areas with regard to the level of the attitudes towards entrepreneurship, the value of ( t- ) was 2.180 *, which is a significant value. Suggestions are discussed in this study as well. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We previously proposed that science capital (science‐related forms of cultural and social capital) can be used as a theoretical lens for explaining the patterned nature of aspirations and educational participation among young people aged 11–16. Building on these findings, the present article investigates whether science capital is related to post‐18 aspirations to pursue further STEM study and whether science capital can be extended to related disciplines including engineering, maths and technology. Specifically, we report on correlational analyses exploring the relationships between science, technology, engineering and maths attitudes and science capital. Drawing on data from a new survey of 7,013 17/18 year old English secondary school students, analyses showed that science capital, while strongly related to engineering and physical science future study aspirations, was not strongly related to the pursuit of either maths or technology postsecondary study. The findings also suggest that engineering and maths attitudes have a stronger relationship to science capital than attitudes relating to technology. We conclude with a discussion of the implications of these findings and propose that science capital might be more usefully applied to "SEM," with links to technology fields and aspirations needing further exploration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Female genital mutilation (FGM) is a deeply-rooted cultural practice mainly undertaken in Africa, the Middle East and Asian countries. Evidence to date suggests that although first-generation migrants to the West are abandoning FGM, the custom continues in some places, albeit in small numbers. This study examined how young people living in FGM affected communities in the United Kingdom (UK), interpreted and explained FGM.Methods: A community-based participatory research (CBPR) approach was used to recruit and train nine young people aged 15-18 as co-researchers. These comprised eight females and one male from second-generation FGM affected communities, living in Bristol. The co-researchers then undertook focus groups and semi-structured interviews with twenty participants aged 13-15 living in Bristol, Cardiff and Milton Keynes. The qualitative data from the training workshops, interviews and focus groups were collected and analysed using thematic analysis.Results: There were conflicting views among participants. Some perceived FGM as a historical tradition that was of very little, if any, relevance to them. In contrast, others perceived that the more archaic, cultural interpretation of FGM, more commonly shared by older generations, had been supplanted by a new form of FGM, which they believed to be a safe procedure, made so by the availability of highly-trained, qualified doctors and better equipment in the UK. Participants spoke of challenges encountered when attempting to raise the issue of FGM with parents. Nevertheless, they acknowledged that- being born and raised in the UK - enabled them to talk openly and to challenge others.Conclusion: Future strategies to address and prevent FGM in the UK will require a public health approach that is holistic, intersectional and empowering. Such measures should be relevant to young people born and raised in the UK who interpret FGM differently to previous first-generation migrant relatives and communities. Tackling FGM requires a shift away from a principal preoccupation with harm reduction and criminalisation towards collaboration and active dialogue with communities, in positive and productive ways that acknowledge and engage issues of identity, race, gender, and generation, enabling people affected by FGM to take control of their health and well-being. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Introduction: The goal of EU disability policy is to create an open and accessible society. In Western countries, much attention has long been paid to measures to make life easier for people with disabilities. Eastern Europe is working to catch up in this regard. This is conditioned not only by the economic state of the countries, but also by misconceptions and intolerant views firmly embedded in the public consciousness. It is up to young people to ensure that these will be passed on in future generations, but perhaps this attitude can be changed. Aim: The purpose of this paper was to present the first results of an international scientific consortium to conduct a standardized study of the attitudes of young people in countries along the eastern border of the EU toward wheelchair users with disabilities. Material and methods: The pilot study using the diagnostic survey method was implemented in 10 countries along the eastern border of the EU. According to the assumptions, the survey covered a total of 10,000 students, 1,000 from each country. The tool is an electronic version of the Multidimensional Attitudes Scale Toward Persons With Disabilities (MAS) survey questionnaire. Results: Given the importance of the research issue undertaken, it was possible to attract the interest of scientists involved in the epidemiological study of social phenomena, forming an international research team, and carry out the study in a short period of time. In the course of their implementation, attention was paid to the emotional, cognitive and behavioral components of attitudes toward people with physical disabilities and multicultural factors. Conclusions: The responses of the students surveyed often showed undecided and even negative attitudes. The group of Ukrainian students who were affected by the armed actions showed more positive attitudes toward people with physical disabilities. The presented results of the research carried out by an international scientific consortium can be used for both individual and group analyses of attitudes in individual countries and for the development of practical recommendations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Traditionally, the study of youth culture has been dominated by contemporary, sociological accounts of young people's leisure pursuits and identity-laden social practices. However, in recent years, it has become evident that there is an emergent scholarly interest in examining youth culture history. While many historians and sociologists situate the birth of youth culture as a post-WWII phenomenon, this essay contends that scholars from varying disciplines are expanding upon this popularly accepted timeline. Moreover, it is argued that there is now a historic turn in youth studies both in content and methodology. By providing an overview of what current youth history scholarship exists, and what methodologies enable such texts, this article advocates for further socio-historical work that foregrounds the longstanding, indelible influence and importance of young people's experiences within the tapestry of everyday cultural life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Energy drinks have become quite popular in recent years among adolescents, prompting a wealth of recent research examining the potential deleterious consequences of energy drink consumption among youth. The present study adds to this body of work by exploring perceptions of risk and disapproval of soft and hard drugs among adolescents and whether such attitudes are predicted by patterns of energy drink/shot consumption.Methods: Data were derived from the seven most recent cohorts (2010-2016) of the Monitoring the Future (MTF) study, a nationally representative survey of U.S. youth. The significance of associations between energy drink/shot consumption and drug perceptions/attitudes was tested using logistic regression techniques employing adjustments for covariates and cohort-specific fixed effects.Results: Energy drink/shot consumption was largely associated with significant increases in the odds of failing to perceive any risk of drug use and failing to disapprove of drug use among youths, regardless of whether attitudes concerning soft or hard drugs were examined. These associations were particularly robust in the case of habitual energy drink/shot consumers (relative to occasional consumers or abstainers).Conclusions: Additional efforts should be made to heighten awareness and education concerning the potential dangers of energy drink consumption among youth, particularly as it pertains to drug attitudes and diminished perceptions of substance use risk. Policies that minimize energy drink consumption among youth as well as programs that educate parents and teachers about the drug attitudes of youths who regularly consume energy drinks and promote active monitoring of these adolescents may be worthwhile. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction. The aim of this study was to investigate the sexual behavior, attitudes and knowledge on contraception, sexually transmitted infections and reproductive health among the youth in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Material and Methods. A prospective study included a sample of 6.000 subjects, aged 19 - 24, of both sexes, investigating the sexual behavior of the youth in Bosnia and Herzegovina in the period 2007 - 2009. Results. Of the interviewed examinees, 61% were sexually active, of which 56.4% had sexual intercourse with one partner (z = 28.51; p < 0.001). The average age of sexarche was significantly lower in males 17.34 ± 1.77 years, than in females 18.20 ± 1.84 years (z = -14.44; p < 0.001). Contraception was used by 67.6% at first intercourse, and by 70.4% at the last intercourse. The most common method of contraception was male condom (74%), coitus interruptus (11.1%), and oral hormonal contraceptives (14.9%). The examined subjects had inadequate knowledge (51.6%) about contraceptive methods, and it was significantly higher in males (64.6%) than in females (42.2%) (z = 10.17; p < 0.001). Some 4.9% of the sexually active females had intentional abortions. Up to 51.7% of females had never had a pelvic examination, and Pap test was done by 37.2%. The examinees obtained information about contraception and sexually transmitted infections from peers 50.7% and parents 9.7%. Only 28% of females had a positive attitude towards oral hormonal contraceptives. Conclusion. The interviewed young people in Bosnia and Herzegovina keep traditional sexual behavior patterns, attitudes and practices. However, more effort should be put into the improvement of knowledge on contraception, sexually transmitted infections, and healthcare protection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction. Substance use is one of the factors associated with lower condom use in young adults, which increases the likelihood of HIV infection. The Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) is one of the most useful models for explaining this phenomenon since it considers the aim of engaging in a behavior based on attitudes, subjective norms and self-efficacy. Objective. To develop a questionnaire and to evaluate the Differential Item Functioning (DIF) caused by substance use in TPB indicators, using the Multiple Indicators Multiple Causes Analysis (MIMIC). Method. The study was conducted in two phases with Mexico City college students age 18 to 25. Results. Adequate goodness of fit was obtained in all three models of the TPB: attitudes χ²S-B(2) = 3.902, p < .001; CFIs = .999; TLIs = .996; RMSEAs = .037, 90% CI < .001-.095; subjective norms χ²S-B(7) = 9.103, p < 0.245; CFIs = .999; TLIs = .998; RMSEAs = .022, 90% CI < .001-.056; and self-efficacy χ²S-B(25) = 65.115, p < .001; CFIs = .982; TLIs = .974; RMSEAs = .050, 90% CI = .036-.066; in one item in attitudes and two items in subjective norms a DIF effect was observed, while no item proved significant regarding self-efficacy. Discussion and conclusion. There is little evidence in the detection of DIF due to substance use in TPB indicators in condom use, and this is the first study to conduct this type of analysis. Items presenting DIF open the door to future research due to the importance of assessing how the indicator behaves with a population displaying a particular trait. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Among youth 15 to 24 years of age, homicide and nonfatal shootings are the leading causes of mortality and morbidity. Urban youth's attitudes and perceptions about the use of gun violence to resolve conflict present a major barrier to efforts to reduce gun homicides and nonfatal shootings. The current investigation extends the existing literature on attitudes toward guns and shootings among high-risk youth ages 18 to 24 by measuring perceived norms and viewpoints regarding gun violence in two analogous Baltimore City neighborhoods pre-implementation and 1-year post-implementation of the Safe Streets intervention (adapted from the CeaseFire/Cure Violence intervention). The Safe Streets intervention is designed for communities with high rates of gun violence and utilizes outreach workers to identify and build trusting relationships with youth ages 15 to 24 who are at greatest risk of being involved in gun violence. The outreach workers also position themselves in the community so that they can rapidly intervene in disputes that have the potential to lead to gun violence. Chi-squared tests and exploratory structural equation modeling (ESEM) were used to examine changes in attitudes toward gun violence 1 year after the implementation of the Safe Streets intervention. There was a statistically significantly improvement in 43 % of the attitudes assessed in the intervention community post-intervention compared to 13 % of the attitudes in the control community. There was a statistically significant improvement in the violent attitudes toward personal conflict resolution scale after implementation of the intervention in both the intervention (b = -0.522, p < 0.001) and control community (b = -0.204, p < 0.032). Exposure to the intervention (e.g., seeing stop shooting signs in your neighborhood) was also associated with the nonviolent attitudes toward conflict scale. Overall, the study found greater improvement in attitudes toward violence in the intervention community following the implementation of the Safe Streets program. These findings offer promising insights into future community violence prevention efforts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research on the Russian labor market and how young Russians prepare for it shows that education is the main factor in their views of appropriate strategies for employment. Data also show that the education-to-work transition is hampered by a poor fit between the needs of the economy and the educational system. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

This article describes the design and validation of a scale for evaluating reproductive and sexual health. 919 young females from 11 to 19 years in five Caribbean- Colombian cities were administered the questionnaire that assesses attitudes and subjective norms about the reproductive sexuality, based on the planned behavior theory (Ajzen & Fishbein, 2000). The reliability and validity of the instrument was analyzed through exploratory factorial analysis with principal components and VARIMAX rotation. The methodology includes two independent studies; in study 1 (pilot test) the first questionnaire consisted of 172 items and decreased to 78 in the final sample. For study 2, the attitude scale reported (Mean = 3.68, ED = 1.21) and Cronbach's alpha reliability was 0.91. Two factors were extracted and grouped into two dimensions that explain 67.10% of the variance. For the subjective norms scale (Mean = 3.8, ED = 1.1) Cronbach's alpha reliability was 0.97 and eleven factors were extracted and grouped into nine dimensions, which explain 75.89% of the variance. The scale showed good reliability and structural stability for the analysis and design of programs for sexual and reproductive health in adolescent girls. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Given the increasing blood cancer incidence in Tunisia and recent discoveries proving the involvement of environmental factors, this study examined the environmental health literacy (EHL) of Tunisian secondary school students concerning not only this disease, but also their emotional and behavioral attitudes towards leukemia risks.Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among Tunisian youths (N = 372, 16-20 years; 68% females, 32% males). Data collection took place in four representative public secondary schools in the North, Center, and South of Tunisia. Students completed a paper and pencil questionnaire and described their EHL level of blood cancer, as well as their attitudes and interests in this disease. The statistical software (SPSS, v.25.0) was used to analyze the data collected.Results: The results indicated low EHL levels of leukemia. Most youths failed to identify all the leukemogenic (except tobacco and pollution) and non- leukemogenic risk factors. Pesticide use and exposure to low frequency electromagnetic radiation were not considered risk factors. Proximity to heavy-traffic roads and benzene exposure were not perceived by youth as risk factors. Despite these low levels, most participants were interested in having more information about leukemia and cancers in general.Conclusion: This investigation shows a lack of knowledge about leukemia. Low EHL levels will incite educational actors and curriculum designers to optimize content and innovate ICT adapted to this environmental health challenge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Not only Swedish studies, but also several international studies, claim an increase in anti-Semitic attitudes in recent decades. As prejudice is acquired in the early years of socialization, and/or is innate and fairly stable over the life cycle, examining adolescents’ attitudes is vitally important. Hence, by controlling for individual demographic and socio-economic background factors, we study two interrelated questions: Has anti-Semitism among Swedish secondary school-age youths changed between 2003 and 2009? Are changes equal across groups, with a specific focus on religious groups? Using two unique cross-section surveys of secondary school-age students in Sweden for the years 2003 and 2009, we try to address the above questions. Our analysis shows, in contrast to the views of the general public and other related studies, that anti-Semitism has decreased slightly during the examined period. Moreover, the study finds a variation in anti-Semitism by religious affiliation: it has increased among Muslim youth, but remains stable in other groups. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

This article examines minority youth perceptions of and attitudes toward the police, with particular attention given to American Indian youth. Using data gathered from the national evaluation of the Gang Resistance Education and Training program, we included a sample of 5,477 eighth-grade students across 11 U.S. cities in analyses. Results indicated a strong negative correlation between American Indian youth and perceptions of the police. Controlling for perceived neighborhood safety and socioeconomic status increased the magnitude of these negative perceptions. We conclude by discussing possible explanations as to why American Indian youth hold negative perceptions of police and directions for future research. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The bottom of the pyramid (BOP) market comprises a huge customer size of approximately 4 billion globally; hence, segmentation is necessary within this market. The BOP market refers to an aggregate of customers who survive on relatively low-income levels. In this respect, youth in war-affected regions can be considered to be a segment of the BOP market. However, there is scant research on customers' attitudes and purchase behaviours in the BOP markets or segments therein. Hence, the purpose of this research is to investigate war-affected youth's attitudes towards microcredit and the related drivers of these attitudes. The literature revealed four types of attitudes towards microcredit: positive affect, perceived benefits, perceived deterrents and default risk perceptions. Also, knowledge of microcredit and entrepreneurial desire were considered to be the drivers of these attitudes. A total of 795 valid completed surveys were collected from youth aged 18 and above who live in the Northern Province of Sri Lanka. The findings revealed that positive affect enhanced intentions to obtain microcredit, whereas perceived deterrents reduced them. Knowledge of microcredit enhanced attitudes towards microcredit. Also, entrepreneurial desire enhanced the association between positive affect and intentions to obtain microcredit and it decreased the negative association between perceived deterrents and intentions to obtain microcredit. The implications to theory and practice have been discussed which will go a long way in enhancing the attitudes towards microcredit among war-affected youth and possibly those in the other segments of the BOP market. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study examined attitudes toward war and peace during a violent conflict and their relationships with anxiety reactions. We aimed to find out if attitudes toward the conflict in general or attitudes toward the specific operation are linked to anxiety reactions during a stressful situation and if a personal coping resource mediates the relationships between these attitudes and anxiety. Data were gathered on November 2012 from 78 Jewish adolescents living in southern Israel who were exposed to missile attacks during a military operation. Adolescents filled out self-report questionnaires which included socio-demographic characteristics; attitudes toward the military operation; ways to resolve the Israeli–Palestinian conflict; and sense of coherence and state anxiety. Results showed that most of the adolescents believed that a military operation would diminish the missile attacks to some extent or totally. Overall, adolescents who believed that a military operation would resolve the situation for a limited time were more anxious, while those who believed that it would open the opportunity for negotiation with the enemy, socialization, education, and mutual interest were less anxious. Results are discussed against the background of the meanings of growing up in the shadow of intractable violent conflict. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Questions remain regarding the sustainment of evidence-based practices following implementation. The present study examined the sustainment of community clinicians' implementation (i.e., penetration) of cognitive-behavioral therapy, attitudes toward evidence-based practices, and knowledge of cognitive-behavioral therapy for youth anxiety two years following training and consultation in cognitive-behavioral therapy for youth anxiety. Methods Of the original 115 participants, 50 individuals (43%) participated in the two-year follow-up. A t- test examined sustainment in penetration over time. Hierarchical linear modeling examined sustainment in knowledge and attitudes over time. Time spent in consultation sessions was examined as a potential moderator of the change in knowledge and attitudes. Results Findings indicated sustained self-reported penetration of cognitive-behavioral therapy for anxious youth, with low fidelity to some key CBT components (i.e., exposure tasks). Followup knowledge was higher than at baseline but lower than it had been immediately following the consultation phase of the study. Belief in the utility of evidence-based practices was sustained. Willingness to implement an evidence-based practice if required to do so, appeal of evidence-based practices, and openness toward evidence-based practices were not sustained. Participation in consultation positively moderated changes in knowledge and some attitudes. Conclusions Sustainment varied depending on the outcome examined. Generally, greater participation in consultation predicted greater sustainment. Implications for future training include higher dosages of consultation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examined mental health service providers' attitudes toward LGBTQ youth in an agency setting (n = 100) using the Homonegativity Scale, the Personal Comfort Assessment Tool, and the Gay Affirmative Practice Scale. The results of this study indicate that job category is associated with mental health agency employees' attitudes toward LGBTQ youth. Most notably, respondents from the Management/Supervisory category reported less homonegative attitudes toward LGBTQ youth than respondents from the Administrative/Clerical/Support job category. A post hoc regression analysis revealed that homonegative attitudes predict gay affirmative practice for this sample. Implications for policy and practice are explored. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In theoretical debates about the quality of democratic rule, the core question concerns membership, and the adequate constitution of the demos: who is entitled to participate in choosing political representatives? This article enhances the predominantly normative debates on democratic inclusion and boundary making by taking an empirical perspective and analysing attitudes of 16–18-year-old teenagers regarding preconditions for the distribution of voting rights. Based on data stemming from 13 focus groups conducted in three Austrian cities in spring 2010, our findings show that principles related to both competence (autonomy, knowledge) and community (showing concern, being subjected to the law) matter when it comes to democratic boundary making. Furthermore, the study reveals that, in trying to explain the formation of juvenile attitudes about boundary issues, institutions are relevant when related to the conjunctive experiences manifested in the group-specific habitus: while young immigrants argue more inclusionarily than natives in terms of community-related preconditions, especially as far as the roles of language and citizenship are concerned, students argue more exclusionarily than apprentices when it comes to competence-related preconditions, especially civic education. Boundary making affects social groups independent of national origin or citizenship and can therefore be considered a permanent process beyond international migration. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Purpose – The excessive consumption of alcohol by young people is a current and controversial issue in New Zealand (NZ) and Australia. The literature suggests that such consumption is an accepted social norm, and that young people deliberately drink to reach a level of intoxication. Current public policies to reduce consumption, beyond education through media campaigns, include taxation to raise the price and movements to limit the allowable alcohol content in some beverages popular with youth. This paper aims to determine whether price or alcohol content changes will have any effect on youth drinking. Design/methodology/approach – An experiment was conducted in both Australia and NZ to examine the effects of price changes and alcohol content changes on behavioural intention. A third implied hypothesis was also examined - do Australian students differ from NZ students in their behaviour? Students were assigned to one of eight treatment groups, and their purchase intent was measured for ready-to-drink (RTD) products. Chi-squared analysis was undertaken to test the hypotheses. Findings – Results suggest that social norms are stronger than price effects in both countries, and that alcohol content has a significant effect in NZ. These findings contradict government emphases on fiscal and regulatory approaches to modify purchase behaviour. Originality/value – This study is the first to specifically look at price and alcohol content manipulations and their potential effects on young consumers. As such it sheds light on a current marketing/social issue that has a potentially significant impact on young consumers worldwide. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Young people's relationship with anti-social behaviour (ASB) is complicated. While their behaviours are often stereotyped as anti-social (e.g. ‘hanging about’), they also experience ASB in their neighbourhood. In this study, we explore young people's own perspectives on ASB, comparing results from ‘go-along’ interviews and focus groups conducted in disadvantaged neighbourhoods in Glasgow, Scotland. This article discusses how young people's everyday experience of ASB was contextualised by social factors such as cultural stereotyping of marginalised groups, poor social connectivity and spatial marginalisation within their neighbourhood. Furthermore, we found that these social factors were mutually reinforcing and interacted in a way that appeared to leave young people in a ‘no-win’ situation regarding their association with ASB. Participation in ASB and attempts to avoid such involvement were seen to involve negative consequences: participation could entail violence and spatial restrictions linked to territoriality, but avoidance could lead to being ostracised from their peer group. Regardless of involvement, young people felt that adults stereotyped them as anti-social. Our findings therefore provide support for policies and interventions aimed at reducing ASB (perpetrated by residents of all ages); in part by better ensuring that young people have a clear incentive for avoiding such behaviours. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This contribution reports research into young people’s attitudes to religion and religious diversity in secondary schools across the UK. The data indicate that students’ respect for the religiosity of their peers, or their lack of it, is due less to the influence of classroom RE (multi-faith or otherwise) than to the experience of religion in the neighbourhood and the degree to which being ‘religious’ is viewed as ‘normal’ there. The essay contrasts negativity experienced in schools by young people of strong practising religious faith in neighbourhoods where religious practice is not the norm with the greater tolerance and respect accorded to religious young people in schools serving neighbourhoods where religious practice is common and prominent. It considers the implications for religious education of this uneven experience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Sociologija/Sociology: Journal of Sociology, Social Psychology & Social Anthropology is the property of MOD International and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Few studies have sought to test whether changes in value orientation proposed by social theories can empirically be found. This study aims to rigorously test the extent to which there is similarity in values, in two large samples representative of 15-year-olds. We hypothesised that youth from Helsinki are more likely to hold more late-modern values and Glaswegian youth more modern values with more traditional elements. The material was drawn from two comparable school-based surveys conducted respectively, in Glasgow in 1999 (n=2196) and Helsinki in 1998 (n=2420). Using structural equation modelling (SEM) techniques we were able to identify similar constructs representing values towards sex roles, work ethic, citizenship, authority, environment and equity. Glasgow youth showed more consensus typical of modern societies, whereas Helsinki youth were more varied in their patterns of attitudes. There were many signs of Helsinki youth being more late modern in their values. Yet, four out of 10 subordinate hypotheses derived from our main hypothesis were not supported by the findings. This study is compatible with the view that young people from Helsinki appear more late modern in their value orientation, but there are clearly local adaptations to the general value shift thesis. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The current project investigates wisdom and positive psychosocial characteristics in young adults in a series of three overlapping studies. Study 1 ( N = 61) investigated wisdom and ego-integrity, values, and life attitudes. Results indicated that wisdom was positively correlated with ego-integrity and self/other-enhancing values, as well as a sense of personal coherence; wisdom was negatively correlated with hedonistic values. Study 2 ( N = 62) investigated wisdom and attachment anxiety/avoidance and life attitudes. Results replicated the findings for the life attitudes of Coherence and Existential Vacuum demonstrated in study 1 and extended these findings by showing predicted correlations among wisdom and four other life attitudes, as well as demonstrated negative correlations among wisdom and attachment avoidance and attachment anxiety. Study 3 ( N = 62) showed that wisdom positively predicted attributional complexity, a variable found to reduce social judgement biases. Implications and future directions are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the use of multiple regression technique, the principal objective of this study is to clarify and examine young people's attitudes towards Muslims, and the relationships between these attitudes and a large number of background factors. We use a representative sample of 9,498 non-Muslim youths between 15 and 19 years of age. The main results show that, when controlling for several background variables simultaneously, the country of birth, socio-economic background and school/programme factors all have an effect on the attitude towards Muslims. Moreover, socio-psychological factors, the relationship to friends and the perceptions of gender role patterns are found to be important. In addition, local factors like high levels of unemployment, high proportions of immigrants in a local environment also have an effect. No differences in the attitudes of boys and girls were found. Further, the study establishes a correlation between negative attitudes and right-wing populist seats in local government. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective. To examine racial/ethnic differences in the association between exposure to the 'truth' antismoking campaign and youth's beliefs and attitudes about cigarette companies and their intent to smoke. Design. The data are for 31,758 youth aged 12-17 from seven waves of the Legacy Media Tracking Survey (LMTS), conducted in the USA between December 1999 and July 2003. LMTS was designed to include sufficient proportions of African Americans (n=4631), Hispanics (n=6311), and Asians (n=2469) to assess tobacco countermarketing campaign associations in individual racial/ethnic groups. Separate belief and attitude indices were created. An indicator for the respondent not intending to smoke during the next year was created for non-smokers only, and models were estimated separately by ever-/never-smoking status. Results. Exposure to the truth campaign was positively associated with increased antitobacco beliefs and attitudes among youth overall. When analyzed by race/ethnicity, this association was statistically significant for white and African American youth. An examination of the individual belief and attitude items that composed the measurement indices suggests that different messages appealed to youth based on their race/ethnicity. Among never smokers, those exposed to the truth campaign had significantly higher odds of not intending to smoke. When analyzed separately by race/ethnicity, the estimates for African American youth were statistically significant and the estimates for white and Hispanic youth approached significance. Among ever smokers and across all racial/ethnic groups, those exposed to the truth campaign had significantly higher odds of not intending to smoke, and every racial/ethnic group had an odds ratio greater than one that was also statistically significant. Conclusions. The findings suggest that the individual items comprising the indices may be less meaningful for some non-white groups of youth. Analyses of intention to smoke indicated that, among those who had never smoked, there were greater odds of not intending to smoke when examining all youth together without stratifying by race/ethnicity; however, a statistically significant effect was found only for the African American group when examining the effect by race/ethnicity. Among those who had ever smoked, a statistically significant effect was found for most racial/ethnic groups. This is a rich area for further research and is potentially critical to the success of future efforts to reach youth through behavior change messages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Psychologie Française is the property of Elsevier B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This is the first comprehensive study of Italian youths'(9-18 years of age) attitudes and behaviors toward animals. Various aspects of child-animal relationships were analyzed, including pet ownership, pet attachment, pet loss, worries about pet, animal abuse (both perpetrated and witnessed), fears of animals, animals as a source of comfort, feelings toward road kill, and attitudes toward hunting, the use of furs and leather clothes, zoos, and the use of animals in circuses. Pupils from 12 schools anonymously completed a six-page self-administered questionnaire. From the total number of questionnaires received (about 2,200), 800 (403 F and 397 M) were randomly selected, which represented each school and all ages, and analyzed. Through this instrument numerous quantitative and qualitative data were obtained, some of which were also examined in the light of other significant aspects of Italian culture. One basic assumption underpinning this research is that attitudes and behaviors toward animals should always be investigated within a theoretical framework that also takes cultural context into consideration. On the whole, our results indicate that animals play an important role in Italian youths' lives, a role which many adults tend to underestimate. Though our approach is preeminently descriptive, our findings can provide hypotheses that can be tested in future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims at investigating youths' attitudes toward marriage in Hebron Governorate in terms of age, gender, place of residency, academic qualification, religion commitment, work status, and monthly income. The study approached the literature as a multi-dimensional phenomenon, which addressed both theoretical and applied research. The significance of this recent study is the first, which dealt with this theme, to the author knowledge, which in turn comes as complement of available previous studies about marriage customs and traditions in the Palestinian society. To achieve this end, the study adopted the quantitative research approach using the sampling survey method. The questionnaire is appropriate for the exploratory nature of the research. A 54-item questionnaire was formulated which was divided into five sub-scales as follows: the general information of the participants (7 items); the second section dealt with the marriage motives (9 items), the third section included ways of choosing the partner (17 items), the fourth dealt with attitudes toward the partner (13 items), while the fifth included marriage happiness (9 items). The random stratified method was utilized which comprised of a sample size of (598) males and females youth at Hebron Governorate. The collected data was statistically analyzed using the statistical package for social sciences (SPSS). The study results revealed that youths' attitudes toward marriage were moderate (M 3.34) with a percentage of (66.8%). Their attitudes were also of a moderate level in all of the study sub-scales that are, marriage happiness, way of choosing partner, marriage motives, and the attitudes toward the partner. The results also showed statistical differences in youths' attitudes toward marriage according to gender. The differences were in the sub-scales of marriage motives, ways of choosing the partner, and the attitudes toward the partner that favored the males. The study also revealed significant differences in youths' attitudes toward marriage in Hebron Governorate according to the work status that favored the working youth. In addition to the differences in the youth attitudes toward marriage according to the academic qualification that favored the youth with intermediate diploma. Also, the study findings indicated significant differences in the youth attitudes toward marriage according to religion commitment, that favored the deeply religious youth. However, no statistical significant differences were found in the rest of the study variables, that are, place of In light of the findings and discussion, the study recommend, empowering females through self-understanding and building up their confidence, encourage the youth about the marriage issue and raising a family following the teachings of Islam, motivating youth for marriage and instilling positive attitudes toward it, and educating the parents about the importance of giving a margin for the youth in choosing their partner, in order to take the responsibility of their decisions and to preserve and sustain their marriage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Quantitative investigation of the willingness to consume insects and cultured meat. • First investigation with German children and adolescents on this topic. • Acceptance for cultured meat higher than for insects. • Attitude identified as the strongest predictor for the acceptance of both meat alternatives. • Food disgust did not influence the acceptance of the two meat alternatives. The present study examined the willingness of children and adolescents (N = 718, M Age = 13.67, SD = 2.31; female = 57.5%) from Germany to consume insects and cultured meat. One focus of the study was the comparison of attitudes toward foods made from insects and cultured meat in general and in a specific form (a burger). Another focus was analyzing the influence of selected nutritional-psychological factors on the willingness of children and adolescents to consume these products. In addition to sociodemographic factors (age, sex), meat consumption, familiarity, attitudes, food neophobia, and food disgust were included as variables. The study participants showed a significantly higher willingness to consume the cultured meat burger than the insect burger, although no difference could be shown in their attitudes toward the alternatives as food (i.e., irrespective of their form of preparation). Hierarchical multiple regression revealed that the attitude toward the alternative protein product in burger form, specifically, was the strongest predictor for the willingness to consume both burger alternatives. This illustrates that the attitudes of children and adolescents toward a particular product are especially important. The negative influence of food neophobia on the willingness to consume the meat alternatives, which had previously been reported in other studies, was confirmed in this study. In the regression model with the sociodemographic variables, food disgust showed a negative influence on the willingness to consume the two meat alternatives; however, this negative influence was not detected after including the nutritional-psychological variables in the model. Proposals for the use of the results of this study in designing marketing strategies and educational interventions in schools are presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nowadays films occupy a significant portion of the media products consumed by people. In Russia, cinema is being considered as a means of individual and social transformation, which makes a contribution to the formation of the Russian audience's outlook, including their attitudes towards topical social issues. At the same time, the question of the effectiveness of films' impact remains an open question in psychological science. According to the empirical orientation of our approach to the study of mass media influence, our goal was to obtain new data on the positive impact of films based on specific experimental research. The task was to identify changes in the attitudes of young people, as the most active viewers, towards topical social issues after watching a specifically selected film. Using a psychosemantic technique that included 25 scales designed to identify attitudes towards elderly people, respondents evaluated their various characteristics before and after watching the film. Using a number of characteristics related to the motivational, emotional and cognitive spheres, significant changes were revealed. At the same time, significant differences were found in assessments of the elderly between undergraduate students and postgraduate students. After watching the film, postgraduate students' attitudes towards elderly people changed in a positive way, while undergraduate students' negative assessments only worsened. The revealed opposite trends can be explained by individual differences of respondents, which include age, educational status as an indicator of individual psychological characteristics, the experience of interaction with elderly people and, as a result, attitudes towards elderly people at the time before watching the movie. The finding that previous attitudes mediate the impact of the film complements the ideas of the contribution of individual differences to media effects. Most of the changes detected immediately after watching the movie did not remain over time. A single movie viewing did not have a lasting effect on viewers' attitudes, and it suggests the further task of identifying mechanisms of the sustainability of changes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Considerable research has examined public attitudes toward the police. Yet, little is known about the effects of direct and vicarious police stops upon youths' attitudes and perceptions of police. The purpose of the current study is to analyze the relationship between direct and vicarious police stops and urban youths' attitudes of and perceptions toward police officers. Using data from the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Survey (FFCWS), linear and ordered logistic regressions were used to examine the relationship between police stops and urban youths' perceptions of and attitudes toward police officers. Findings indicate that direct and vicarious police stops are associated with lower levels of respect and confidence in the police. We also found that direct and vicarious police stops have a positive relationship with perceptions of procedural justice. However, the positive effect of police stops on procedural justice is mitigated by the level of police intrusiveness during such stops. While our findings on respect and confidence suggest that direct and vicarious police stops are catalysts of negative attitude formation, we also show that direct and vicarious stops play an important role in curbing negative sentiments of police injustice. • Direct and vicarious police stops are correlated with less respect for the police. • Direct and vicarious police stops are correlated with less confidence in the police. • However, they are also correlated with improved perceptions of procedural justice. • Police intrusiveness is correlated with worsened perceptions of procedural justice. • Police intrusiveness moderates the effects of police stops on procedural justice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This survey is inspired by the International Comparative Study of Ethnocultural Youth (ICSEY), a comprehensive study which has looked at acculturation and cultural identity in adolescents from immigrant families across 13 countries. In the present survey 16 immigrant youths from two different ethnic minority groups in Norway — Somali and Albanian — were interviewed to find out more about their acculturation attitudes and experiences and their cultural identities. Eight Norwegian teenagers were also questioned. As regards acculturation, the Somali and Albanian adolescents were interviewed about how they prefer to live in the Norwegian society, i.e. to what extent they wish to retain their ethnic culture and to what extent they prefer to become involved with the larger society. In addition, they were questioned about their social contacts with peers, language proficiency and use, values as regards family relationships, as well as their perceived notion of discrimination. The Norwegian adolescents, on the other hand, were questioned on their attitudes towards cultural maintenance and intercultural contact, their social contacts with peers and their family relationship values. As to the question of cultural identity, the focus has been on to what extent the respondents identify with their ethnic group and with the larger society. The survey shows that the respondents generally favour an integration profile, and the non-Norwegian adolescents on average display a somewhat stronger ethnic identity than a Norwegian identity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]