Search

Introduction: The aim of the study was to describe the neuropsychological profile of patients with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and the impact of the disorder on executive functioning and academic performance., Patients and Methods: We conducted a retrospective observational and analytical study. The sample consisted of 24 children with a diagnosis of ADHD (aged 6-15 years) without pharmacological treatment and 24 controls without ADHD (aged 7-15 years). A comprehensive neuropsychological evaluation was carried out, encompassing major cognitive domains, in addition to assessment of executive functioning and psychopathological symptoms through the administration of questionnaires to parents and teachers., Results: The cognitive profile of the ADHD group was characterized by overall scores (including executive functions and academic abilities) in the normal range (z scores between -1 and 1), although significantly lower compared to the control group. Over half of the patients with ADHD (58%) had associated specific learning disorders. Furthermore, teachers tended to report executive function difficulties more frequently in male students., Conclusions: In the study sample, the group of patients with ADHD exhibited cognitive performance within the normal range, although with lower scores compared to controls. Behavioural rating scales provide valuable information about functioning outside the clinic, but may yield biased results on account of the focus on externalising symptoms. The neuropsychological evaluation is a useful tool that can facilitate the diagnosis of ADHD and an effective response to the needs and characteristics of patients and families., (Copyright © 2023 Asociación Española de Pediatría. Published by Elsevier España, S.L.U. All rights reserved.)

Objective: We aim to determine the prevalence of mental disorders in siblings of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and to determine how psychosocial adversity factors relate to this psychopathology, in a low-middle income country (Colombia)., Methods: We evaluated subjects with ADHD diagnosed according to the DSM-5 criteria, one of their parents and one of their siblings (ages 8-19). We used the ADHD rating scale and a set of instruments to assess the presence of mental disorders as well as psychosocial adversity., Results: We evaluated 74 trios formed by the index case with ADHD, one sibling and one of the parents. We found that 24.3% of the participating siblings also met the criteria for ADHD and another 24.3% for other psychiatric disorders. The risk of these siblings having ADHD increased further when one of the parents reported a history of ADHD. We also found that 28.3% of the families faced high levels of psychosocial adversity as per their scores in the Rutter Adversity Index., Conclusions: Siblings of subjects with ADHD showed a significant risk for ADHD and other mental disorders. That risk increased if a parent reported a history of ADHD and also when two or more psychosocial adversity factors were present. This study supports the importance of early detection in efforts to decrease the risk for other siblings., (Copyright © 2021 Asociación Colombiana de Psiquiatría. Published by Elsevier España, S.L.U. All rights reserved.)

Introduction: Sleep problems are frequent in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Some authors have tried to characterize paediatric sleep habits in Portugal, but none has focused on preschool-age children nor attempted to establish their association with ADHD. We aimed to assess the prevalence of ADHD symptoms in preschool-age children and to study their association with sleep habits., Material and Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study. We distributed questionnaires to a random sample of caregivers of children enrolled in early childhood education centres in Porto. We collected data on sociodemographic characteristics, television watching and outdoor activities. We assessed ADHD symptoms and sleep habits with the Portuguese versions of the Conners' Parents Rating Scale, Revised and the Children's Sleep Habits Questionnaire (CSHQ-PT), respectively., Results: The study included 381 preschoolers (50.90% male). We found high scores for ADHD symptoms in 13.10%, with a higher prevalence in girls (14.40% vs. 11.85%; P = 0.276). In the CSHQ-PT, 45.70% of participants had a mean total score greater than 48, which is the cut-off point applied in the screening of sleep disturbances in the Portuguese population. There was a significant association between high scores for ADHD symptoms and a lower maternal education level (P < 0.001), a shorter sleep duration (P = 0.049), and higher scores on parasomnias (P = 0.019) and sleep disordered breathing (P = 0.002) in CSHQ-PT subscales., Conclusions: ADHD and sleep disorders are common in preschoolers, in Porto, and this study suggests some clinical correlations between them. Since these interactions are complex and far from being elucidated, further studies are paramount to provide guidance for prevention and managing strategies in younger children at risk for ADHD., (Copyright © 2023. Published by Elsevier España, S.L.U.)

Introduction: Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has genetic and environmental aetiological factors. There are few publications on the environmental factors. The objective of this review is to present the role of psychosocial adversity in the aetiology and course of ADHD., Methods: A search was carried out in the following databases: PubMed, ScienceDirect, SciELO, ClinicalKey, EMBASE, Lilacs, OVID, APA and PsycNET. English and Spanish were selected without being limited by type of study or year of publication. Finally, a qualitative synthesis was conducted., Results: ADHD development could be related to exposure to adverse factors in the family, school or social environment. It has been proposed as an explanatory mechanism that adversity interacts with genetic variants and leads to neurobiological changes. There may also be a gene-environment correlation whereby individual hereditary characteristics increase the risk of exposure to adversity, and indirectly increase the probability of developing ADHD. Research on psychosocial adversity represents a big challenge, not only due to the complexity of its construct, but also to the effect of subjective perception of a given event., Conclusions: ADHD aetiology is complex and involves the interaction of both genetic and environmental factors, in which these factors correlate and cause the disorder. The study of the role of psychosocial adversity in ADHD is fundamental, but it remains a task that entails great difficulties., (Copyright © 2021 Asociación Colombiana de Psiquiatría. Published by Elsevier España, S.L.U. All rights reserved.)

Introduction: Attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) rates vary between 1% and 20% depending on the type of diagnosis guide used, the test used in the assessment, psychosocial factors, and professional in charge of the assessment., Goal: to describe and compare current clinical ADHD assessment processes in public health system in two cohorts and analyze variables related to final diagnosis., Design: Descriptive, multicenter, longitudinal (retrospective-prospective)., Location: primary care (PC) centers in Oviedo, Asturias (Spain)., Participants: a Spanish clinical ADHD symptomatic sample (n=134) from two cohorts (2004 and 2009)., Variables: clinical professional in charge of ADHD assessment (PC, mental health professional [MH], neuropediatrician [NP]), type of test used in the assessment, confirmation/disconfirmation of ADHD diagnosis, and final diagnosis., Results: the use of symptoms checklists and the assessments in charge of primary care (PC) and neuropediatrician (NP) professionals show an upward trend from 2004 to 2009. ADHD final diagnosis shows low inter-professional (NP-MH) reliability (kappa=0.39). Final diagnoses for the same symptoms are different depending on the professional (NP or MH)., Discussions: the professional in charge of the assessment appears to be a relevant variable for the final diagnosis. ADHD diagnosis criteria seem not to be clear. This data suggests that ADHD diagnosis must be used with caution to ensure good quality clinical standards when assessing and treating ADHD symptoms. Assessments supported by symptoms checklists and performed by NP or PC could be contributing factors to an ADHD over-diagnosis tendency., (Copyright © 2021 The Authors. Publicado por Elsevier España, S.L.U. All rights reserved.)

Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez is affiliated with the Cochrane Collaboration. As part of the activities of the Cochrane Center of the Hospital Infantil de México, the use of systematic reviews in health decision making is promoted. With this objective, summaries of Cochrane systematic reviews on relevant topics will be periodically published to support the clinical practice., (Copyright: © 2019 Permanyer.)

Introduction: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and its comorbidities have an impact on the social anxiety of children and adolescents, but there are practically no studies addressing this topic in adolescence. Our objective was to assess the degree of social anxiety and to analyse the presence of psychiatric comorbidities (PSCs) in adolescents with ADHD., Methodology: We conducted a cross-sectional observational study in patients aged 12 to 18 years with a confirmed diagnosis of ADHD (DSM-5). We collected data on the presence and type of PSCs and assessed social anxiety by means of the Social Anxiety Scale for Adolescents (SAS-A)., Results: Forty-six child and adolescent psychiatrists and paediatric neurologists participated in the study and recruited 234 patients. Of the total patients, 68.8% (159) were male and 31.2% (72) female, with a mean age in the sample of 14.9 years (95% CI, 14.6-15.1). The type of ADHD was combined type (C) in 51.7% (121), predominantly inattentive (PI) in 37.2% (87), and predominantly hyperactive-impulsive (PH) in 9% (21). Of all patients, 97.9% (229) received pharmacological therapy: 78.6% (184) methylphenidate, 15% (35) lisdexamfetamine and 4.3% (10) atomoxetine.We found PSCs in 50.4% of the patients (118), of which the most frequent were learning and communication disorders (20.1%, n=47) and anxiety disorders (19.2%, n=45). The patients scored significantly higher in the SAS-A compared to reference values in the healthy population. The scores in the SAS-A were less favourable in adolescents with the PI type compared to those with the PH type (P=.015). The presence of a comorbid anxiety disorder was associated with worst scores in SAS-A (P<.001) showing an increased social anxiety., Conclusion: Adolescents with ADHD classified as PI and those with comorbid anxiety had a higher degree of social anxiety as measured by the SAS-A. This psychological aspect must be identified and controlled in adolescents with ADHD to promote their social adaptation., (Copyright © 2018 Asociación Española de Pediatría. Publicado por Elsevier España, S.L.U. All rights reserved.)

Introduction: The health-related quality of life (HRQoL) questionnaire is important in order to assess the effects of therapeutic intervention. The aim of this study is to analyse HRQoL, comparing cases of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) treated with methylphenidate (ADHD-T), untreated cases (ADHD-N), and controls., Material and Methods: The study included a sample of 228 participants between 8 and 14 years old (114 controls, 57 ADHD-T, and 57 ADHD-N). Consecutive sampling was used in ADHD according to DSM-IV criteria (ADHD Rating Scales IV), and random sampling of controls matched by gender and age. The evaluation of HRQoL was made by using KIDSCREEN-52 parent version., Results: The intensity of ADHD symptoms is significantly lower in ADHD-T than in ADHD-N. There is a moderate significant correlation between greater intensity of ADHD symptoms and worse HRQoL. ADHD cases have significantly worse HRQoL than controls on psychic well-being, mood, relationship with parents and friends, school environment, and social acceptance. The cases of ADHD-T have significantly better HRQoL than ADHD-N in the school dimension, but do not differ significantly in other dimensions of KIDSCREEN-52., Conclusions: It would be advisable that the treatment of ADHD integrates multi-dimensional therapeutic models that improve the basic symptoms of the disorder, as well as the HRQoL., (Copyright © 2018 Asociación Española de Pediatría. Publicado por Elsevier España, S.L.U. All rights reserved.)

Introduction: A high comorbidity has been observed among attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and categorical personality disorders (PD). A study is conducted on the dimensional traits associated with ADHD and PD, in order to determine whether there are any differences., Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 78 outpatients attending a Mental Health Clinic in Arganda (Madrid) from January 2013 to June 2015. ADHD diagnosis was evaluated with the CAARS, the CAADID, and the WURS scales, and the PD with the SCID-II-DSM-IV questionnaire. None of the patients were receiving any stimulant or atomoxetine before the study, and all patients signed the informed consent before the study., Results: A high comorbidity was found with all PD clusters, especially with hyperactive and combined type ADHD. Depressive PD was associated with inattentive ADHD., Conclusions: In spite of using a questionnaire to evaluate PD, some differences can be observed between specific ADHD types and PD. More studies are needed to investigate dimensional personality traits in order to improve the diagnosis and therapeutics goals., (Copyright © 2016 SEP y SEPB. Publicado por Elsevier España, S.L.U. All rights reserved.)

The treatment efficacy of multiple family therapy (MFT) for Chinese families of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has not been studied in the past. In this paper, the effect of MFT on different aspects of the lives of the parents in the experimental group (n = 61) was compared with the effect of only the psychoeducational talks on parents in the control group (n = 53). The results of a MANOVA have shown that by the time they reached the posttreatment phase, the parents who had completed the full 42 hours of the MFT program perceived their children's ADHD symptoms as being less serious and less pathological than they had originally thought compared to the parents in the control group. The effect of MFT on parent-child relationships, parenting stress, parental efficacy, hope, and perceived social support was statistically insignificant. Contributions and limitations of our study are discussed., (© 2017 Family Process Institute.)

Introduction: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neuropsychiatric disorder originating from multiple factors. The aim of this study is to determine the percentage of patients with ADHD out of all patients referred to our clinic for assessment, and to explore the epidemiological and clinical factors linked to this diagnosis., Patients and Methods: retrospective analytical study of a sample of patients under 15 years old sent to the paediatric neurology clinic for suspected ADHD. DSM-IV criteria were used for diagnosis. We completed a binary logistic regression analysis to determine which risk factors were associated with the diagnosis., Results: Of the 280 selected patients, 224 were male (male/female ratio 4:1); mean age (SD) was 8.4 (3.08) years. Almost half (49%) of the patients were referred by their schools and 64.9% were born in the second half of the year, but this tendency was more marked in girls than in boys. Assessment according to DSM-IV criteria resulted in diagnosis of 139 subjects (49.7%). The risk factors linked to diagnosis were male sex, parents with ADHD, associated sleep disorders, tics, and absence of neurodevelopmental delay., Conclusion: Only half of the children referred for suspected ADHD were diagnosed with that condition, and most were among the youngest in their classes, which suggests that suspected ADHD is overestimated. An exhaustive clinical interview investigating the family's psychological disorders and the patient's sleep disorders and tics is needed to improve the diagnostic process., (Copyright © 2016 Sociedad Española de Neurología. Publicado por Elsevier España, S.L.U. All rights reserved.)

Introduction: Developmental coordination disorder (DCD) in childhood is an important public health problem, which has important implications for different spheres of development: motor, cognitive, psychosocial and emotional. Therefore, the presence of comorbidity is common, along with other disorders in child development. This article presents a study that determines the association between DCD characteristics with attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms., Objective: To determine the association between DCD characteristics and ADHD symptoms in the city of Manizales, Colombia., Methods: Cross-sectional, descriptive and associative study, in a sample of 140 children aged 6-12, randomised in public and private institutions. A structured interview was conducted, along with the questionnaires MINIKID and Cuestionario para Trastorno del Desarrollo de la Coordinación (CTDC). A descriptive univariate analysis was performed on the the sociodemographic characteristics, as well as association tests with χ(2) test, and dependence level with φ coefficient., Results: A statistically significant association was found between the CTDC characteristics with ADHD symptoms (φ=.452; P=.001)., Conclusions: An association was found in the studied population between the CTDC characteristics and ADHD symptoms, indicating that children with difficulties in motor performance may also have attention difficulties and hyperactivity., (Copyright © 2015 Asociación Colombiana de Psiquiatría. Publicado por Elsevier España. All rights reserved.)

Introduction: The objective of this study was to assess the evolution of stress in families of children and adolescents who start psychopharmacological treatment after being diagnosed with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and the ability to detect this change using the FSI (Family Strain Index) questionnaire., Methodology: Forty eight (48) specialists in child-adolescent psychiatry or neuropediatrics included 429 families of children diagnosed with ADHD, represented by the father, mother or guardian of the child. In the baseline visit, and at two and four months, the intensity of the symptoms of ADHD was evaluated using the abbreviated Conners scale, and family stress was evaluated using the FSI questionnaire., Results: The following was observed: a) an improvement in the overall FSI score and in all its dimensions (P<.001); b) an improvement in the intensity of the symptoms of hyperactivity (Conners, P<.0001); c) good agreement between these two scales at two months (R-intraclass 0.825, P<.0001) and at four months of follow-up (R-intraclass 0.784, P<.0001). Ninety seven point nine percent (97.9%) of the children or adolescents (420) received treatment with modified-release methylphenidate., Conclusions: There was a significant relationship between the positive evolution of symptoms in children with ADHD and the reduction of family stress, as evaluated by the FSI questionnaire, after starting psychopharmacological treatment. This study showed a great sensitivity to change in the clinical situation of patients with ADHD, evaluated through the stress it produces on its families. It is recommended to use this questionnaire as an indirect measurement of the repercussions of the disorder on the environment of the child with ADHD in terms of family stress., (Copyright © 2014 Asociación Española de Pediatría. Published by Elsevier España, S.L.U. All rights reserved.)

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most common childhood psychiatric disorders and can persist into the adulthood. ADHD has important social, academic and occupational consequences. ADHD diagnosis is based on the fulfillment of several clinical criteria, which can vary depending on the diagnostic system used. The clinical presentation can show great between-patient variability and it has been related to a dysfunction in the fronto-striatal and meso-limbic circuits. Recent investigations support a model in which multiple genetic and environmental factors interact to create a neurobiological susceptibility to develop the disorder. However, no clear causal association has yet been identified. Although multimodal treatment including both pharmacological and psychosocial interventions is usually recommended, no convincing evidence exists to support this recommendation. Pharmacological treatment has fundamentally shown to improve ADHD symptoms in the short term, while efficacy data for psychosocial interventions are scarce and inconsistent. Yet, drug treatment is increasingly popular and the last 2 decades have witnessed a sharp increase in the prescription of anti-ADHD medications coinciding with the marketing of new drugs to treat ADHD., (Copyright © 2014 Elsevier España, S.L.U. All rights reserved.)

Introduction: The aim of the current study was to assess the prevalence of symptoms of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in adolescents and young adults diagnosed with other primary psychiatric disorders, who had not responded to previous treatments., Material and Methods: A total of 795 outpatients aged 15 to 24 years were included. The presence of ADHD was studied using DSM-IV criteria and the frequency of symptoms using the 18 item DuPaul ADHD Rating Scale., Results: ADHD (DSM-IV criteria) was present in 48 patients (6%), none of whom had previously received the diagnosis. A total of 260 patients (32.7%) met the criteria for moderate ADHD and between them, severity of primary psychiatric disorder was higher according to the CGI-S (P=.007). Risk factors for moderate ADHD symptoms were the presence of substance use disorders (SUD) (odds ratio=1.543, P=.01) and borderline personality disorders (odds ratio =2.173, p=.0001)., Conclusion: Unrecognized ADHD was present in 6% of patients; moreover 32.7% of the sample also presented moderate symptoms of the disorder. Screening for ADHD in young patients with refractory response to primary disorder treatment, mainly those with substance use disorders, conduct and personality disorders is highly advisable, due to the high frequency of ADHD comorbidity in these psychiatric disorders., (Copyright © 2013 SEP y SEPB. Published by Elsevier España. All rights reserved.)

Background: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is the most common neurobehavioral disorder in children; its coexistence with anxiety in children and their parents increases their social, family, and academic problems. Objective: To identify the prevalence and correlation of anxiety disorder in pediatric patients with ADHD and their parents. Material and methods: Analytical, observational study conducted in a tertiary-level hospital in Puebla, Mexico, in patients aged 8 to 15 years with a diagnosis of ADHD and their parents; those with an additional psychiatric diagnosis were excluded. All parents signed informed consent, and children aged 8 to 15 years signed a letter of informed assent. The Revised Children’s Manifest Anxiety Scale-Second Edition (RCMAS-2) was administered to the patients and the Hamilton Anxiety Scale to the parents. Data analysis was performed with descriptive statistics and phi coefficient. Results: 150 patients and their parents were recruited. The children were predominantly male, and the ADHD subtype was mixed (64.7%). 100% reported pharmacological treatment and 20.7% were combined with psychotherapy. 65% of children registered some type of anxiety with a phi correlation of 0.337 (p < 0.001) of this disorder between children and parents. Conclusions: Pediatric patients diagnosed with ADHD often experience anxiety as a comorbidity, which is correlated with anxiety in their parents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mental health is one of the current pillars of global health; therefore, it is considered an essential factor in the wellbeing and quality of human life. The dramatic growth in the incidence and prevalence of mental disorders has brought about a burden of silent and unsustainable disease for healthcare systems, especially in younger age groups such as children and adolescents. Although major depressive disorder, anxious syndrome, and conduct and eating disorders are some of the most frequent in this age group, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is also an entity of interest affecting between 5% and 10% of children. There exists a pharmacological treatment for this condition, and it is based on stimulant and nonstimulant medications. Evidence of the highest quality has recently demonstrated that children and adolescents who were administered ADHD medications had a higher risk of some cardiovascular event compared to those who were not. Considering the impact and relevance of ADHD in the child and adolescent populations at present, as well as the use of drugs for its control, it is imperative to have evidence of the highest quality for decision-making in clinical practice. To date, there is no evidence in Spanish that has synthesized and analyzed this phenomenon. Based on the foregoing, the objective of this review is to analyze the most recent evidence of the association between cardiovascular risk and pharmacotherapy in pediatric patients with ADHD. A literature search was conducted using the search terms "Cardiovascular Risk," "Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder," and "Pediatrics," in addition to synonyms, which were combined with the operators "AND" and "OR," in the PubMed, ScienceDirect, Web of Science, and MEDLINE databases. After reviewing the most recent literature, it was identified that the quality of the current evidence regarding the association between increased cardiovascular risk secondary to pharmacotherapy in children and adolescents with ADHD is very low, heterogeneous, and fragmented. Nevertheless, the trend suggests that there may be a potential risk of the alteration of hemodynamic parameters, essentially heart rate and blood pressure, without involving the frequent or significant occurrence of serious cardiovascular adverse events. However, the evidence suggests continuous monitoring. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Cogitare Enfermagem is the property of Cogitare Enfermagem and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction: Educational materials, such as booklets, are tools that help in caregiving and elucidate relevant and sensitive interventions to the health context, especially in home care for children with neurodevelopmental disorders. Objective: To build and validate a booklet to guide parents and caregivers of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Materials and Methods: Methodological study for the construction and validation of a booklet by judges and the target audience. The material was written, designed, and laid out with subsequent validation by judges, considering the content validity index for data analysis. Results: Booklet composed of 13 themes and 32 pages. The validation had 21 content judges obtaining an index of 0.89. Seven judges in appearance evaluated and scored the index of 0.91. 17 participants from the target audience evaluated general content with an index of 0.99. After adjustments, the readability index obtained a satisfactory percentage of 54%. Discussion and Conclusion: The constructed material portrays the daily life of families, presents illustrations in health and education services and is sensitive to the studied audience. The booklet was considered valid in terms of content and appearance and suitable for use in nursing care for children with the disorder, contributing to adequate guidance for parents and caregivers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this study was to compare the performance in rapid automatic naming (RAN) between children with and without a diagnosis of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), analyzing whether attentional changes negatively interfere in the naming of stimuli, regardless of reading level. To this end, the analyzed sample consisted of 57 children (aged between 7 and 10 years old) from Brazilian public schools. The children were divided into two groups: GADHD - 26 children diagnosed with ADHD (19% female); CG: 31 children without neurodevelopmental disorders (62% female). The data collected for this study involved measurements of RAN (colors, objects, letters and numbers) and reading performance - decoding words and pseudowords. Statistical analysis was performed using linear regression models using the LASSO method. All NAR tasks were positively related to reading performance, regardless of the group (GTDAH or CG). When controlling for the reading variable, the group with the ADHD condition remained with lower performance than the GC in the task of naming colors and objects. The RAN ability, regardless of the stimulus (color, letters and others), is a predictor variable for reading ability, however, naming non-alphanumeric stimuli (colors and objects) requires more accurate attention. This study showed that children with ADHD, even with adequate reading skills, may have deficits in naming colors and objects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigated the predictive power of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) subscales for the diagnosis of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and autistic spectrum disorder (ASD) in the evaluation of parents and teachers. Participants were 108 children between 4 and 12 years (controls n = 72) and clinical group presented psychiatric diagnosis. Multivariate analysis of variance verified the similarities and differences between the groups in the subscales, and logistic regression models to analyze the predictive power. Clinical groups presented difficulties in all subscales, and the children with ASD differed from those with ADHD only in emotional problems. Pro-social behavior was predictive for both disorders. Specificities and divergences were found in the predictive power of the other subscales for both groups and evaluators. We discuss the relevance of SDQ to aid diagnosis of ADHD and ASD in different contexts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Brasileira de Medicina do Esporte is the property of Redprint Editora Ltda. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Brasileira de Medicina do Esporte is the property of Redprint Editora Ltda. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a highly prevalent disorder that often impairs academic performance. The present study aimed to verify the extent of these impairments in arithmetic performance by comparing the performance of students with and without ADHD symptoms. The arithmetic performance of 93 students with ADHD symptoms and 447 students without ADHD was evaluated by the Arithmetical Subtest of the School Performance Test. Participants were attending public elementary schools in the municipality of Porto Alegre (3rd to 9th grades) and their age range was 7 to 16 years old. Those with ADHD symptoms had lower scores and a higher number of procedural errors than those without ADHD. The results suggest that frequent symptoms of ADHD are related to a higher frequency of errors in the arithmetic performance of the students assessed in this study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Paideia (0103863X) is the property of Paideia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Cadernos de Saude Publica is the property of Escola Nacional de Saude Publica Sergio Arouca and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective. To evaluate the access of an early diagnosis of the ADHD and to identify its barriers by means of a trajectory of facts from perceiving the symptoms until obtaining the formal diagnosis. Materials and methods. An integral conceptual model has been used - based on four dimensions (perceive, search, arrive and use) - and centered on the patient; this has allowed to trace a trajectory of facts lived by the dyads (patient and their primary caregiver). The survey was composed of five open and 143 dichotomous or polytomous questions. 177 dyads participated. Results. Numerous barriers were identified to access the early diagnosis; the lack of perception of ADHD was key to initiate access. Conclusion. The lack of perception could be avoided with information to the caregivers so that they perceive the nuclear symptoms of ADHD as potential mental health problems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Given that processing speed deficits are a risk factor for ADHD and dyslexia, we investigated the cognitive profile of individuals with ADHD and with indicators of dyslexia. The sample comprised children between the ages of 7 and 15 (62% male), 23 of whom were diagnosed with ADHD, 17 were at risk for ADHD, and 31 formed the control group. The evaluation included WISC subtests and tasks such as Word-Color Stroop, rapid automatized naming, verbal fluency, pseudowords repetition, and phoneme suppression. After this procedure, the participants were reclassified: 45 without ADHD or signs of dyslexia; 9 with ADHD; 6 with signs of dyslexia; and 11 with ADHD and signs of dyslexia. The serious cognitive deficits presented by the latter justify the findings on school failure to which it is subject. ADHDdyslexia comorbidity needs to be better investigated in the diagnostic evaluation of schoolchildren with complaints of learning difficulties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Facultad de Medicina de la Universidad Nacional de Colombia is the property of Universidad Nacional de Colombia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is considered to be the most frequent mental disorder in childhood. Although its diagnosis in the most utilized manual of psychiatry in the world today - the Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (DSM-5) - is based on behaviors of inattention, hyperactivity and impulsivity, numerous attempts to describe the biological bases of the disorder can be found, for the purposes of diagnosis and also as risk markers. In this paper, we will critically analyze the validity of studies associated with the search for genetic markers of ADHD. First, a characterization of ADHD by the DSM-5 manual is presented. Subsequently, the link between ADHD and risk factors and genetic markers is developed. Finally, some conclusions are presented which highlight simplifications and omissions that could have significant consequences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: assistance deficit disorder affects today more than 5% of the child population worldwide. Objective: to highlight some elements of its diagnosis and treatment was the purpose of the review. Method: the years comprised between 1999 even 2017 were included. More than 75% of the bibliographies correspond to internet articles, digital journals available in regional data bases and therapeutic guidelines of associations linked to the study, diagnose, treatment and rehabilitation of patients with attention deficit disorder. Development: to the diagnosis of attention deficit disorder, it is important the use of clinical evaluation, anamneses, physical examination, family antecedents, among others, as well as correctness with diagnosis and statistics of mental illness (5) Manual criteria and the International Classification of diseases (10), all supported by the psychological and neurobiological tests. Conclusions: in its study, dissimilar instruments, scales, psychological interviews and biological tests are used, which together provide their diagnosis. The treatment has been based, mainly, on the use of the central nervous system stimulants, although other alternatives are put into practice today. The multimodal and individualized treatment in all its aspects guarantees a favorable evolution and avoids complications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of an online booklet on Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in college students as a form of psychoeducation. Two hundred and forty-one participants with either incomplete or complete higher education took part in the study as the sample group. The level of knowledge about ADHD in the sample was assessed before and after reading a psychoeducational booklet on ADHD. Both the evaluation instruments and the booklet were available online. Data were analyzed using the Wilcoxon test. Results showed that the online booklet was effective in increasing the participants' ADHD knowledge. In addition, it was possible to identify the content of greater and lesser knowledge of the sample, as well as the content of which the booklet was more informative. The study concluded that the development of materials on ADHD can be a way to inform about the disorder and also a source of complementary information for treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: the disorder by deficit of attention with hyperactivity is the most frequent neurological development disorder in children. Objective: to determine the capacity of adaptation and coping, as well as the quality of life and satisfaction, of the primary caregivers of children and adolescents with this disorder. Method: a descriptive, longitudinal, prospective study with mixed methods was carried out between January 2016 and April 2017. The population consisted of 49 primary caregivers belonging to different health areas; a sample of 19 was selected by simple random sampling by drawing. Data of structure, process and result were evaluated, which were processed with frequencies and by percent. Results: 78,9% of the caregivers are mothers, 36,8% are among 31-40 years of age and 52,6% shows a medium capacity for adaptation and coping. Among the most affected dimensions of quality of life are identified affectations in emotions, behaviors and in rest / sleep. The 68,4% are not satisfied with the preparation received to offer care for their family member. Conclusions: the study allowed to determine a predominance of medium capacity of coping and adaptation in the caregivers, as well as the affectation of the basic dimensions of quality of life, and that are satisfied with the material resources and the technical and human assistance received, but not with the preparation received to take care of your patient. The result of the current global assessment of the caregivers, regarding their satisfaction with life, is of medium level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) generates debates and confrontations among diverse social agents with different conceptions of normality, health, the individual and the social. In this scenario of controversy, parents have tried to improve the living conditions of their children through a number of models of social participation in health. Using a qualitative ethnographic approach, fieldwork was carried out from 2013 to 2015 with the purpose of analyzing the universe of organizations regarding ADHD in Spain as well as other individual parenting initiatives with collective repercussions. The work seeks to identify the different relationships with expert knowledge in existence and the models of knowledge circulation that take place within those relationships, focusing on the way they configure discursive stances, establish collective dynamics, and develop actions. The disputed character of ADHD is evidenced in models more complex than that of the expert/layperson duality, as well as in new strategies of production and collectivization of knowledge facilitated by the Internet. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Se realizó un estudio experimental, del tipo ensayo comunitario, no enmascarado y no aleatorizado, de 60 niños y adolescentes entre 5 y 19 años de edad, de ambos sexos, con trastorno por déficit de atención con hiperactividad, pertenecientes a los policlínicos "Camilo Torres Restrepo" y "Carlos J. Finlay", atendidos en el Centro Comunitario de Salud Mental del Distrito "26 de Julio" de Santiago de Cuba, desde septiembre de 2010 hasta abril de 2011, a fin de evaluar la eficacia de la terapia floral de Bach en el tratamiento de estos pacientes. Se conformaron 2 grupos de tratamiento: uno de estudio y otro de control, con 30 integrantes en cada caso. En los que componían el primero, tratados con terapia floral asociada al tratamiento farmacológico, se logró una mayor disminución de las alteraciones conductuales y emocionales.An unblinded nonrandomized experimental study of community trial was conducted in 60 children and adolescents between 5 and 19 years of age, of both sexes, with attention deficit disorder and hyperactivity, belonging to "Camilo Torres Restrepo" and "Carlos J. Finlay" Polyclinics, attended at the Community Center of Mental Health of "26 of Julio" District in Santiago de Cuba, from September 2010 to April 2011, in order to evaluate the effectiveness of Bach's flower therapy in these patients. Two treatment groups were formed: study group and control group with 30 members each. In the first group treated with flower therapy associated with medical treatment a greater reduction of behavioral and emotional disorders was obtained.

Copyright of Paideia (0103863X) is the property of Paideia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Cadernos de Saude Publica is the property of Escola Nacional de Saude Publica Sergio Arouca and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: there is a growing interest in the study of the self-perceptions of children with Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and the bias in their self-concept. Goal: to explore how ADHD children's perception of parenting style predicts their selfperception and the bias in self-concept. Method: Participants: children between 7 and 13 years old diagnosed with ADHD, children assisting to psychotherapy without an ADHD diagnose, and children not assisting to psychotherapy. It also participated one of their parents. Data analysis: It was used simple logistic regressions. Groups were studied separately. Results: maternal pathological control was the main predictor of ADHD children's positive self-perceptions and bias. In the comparison groups it predicts negative self-perceptions. Results are discussed in the light of self-protection hypothesis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Colombiana de Psiquiatria is the property of Asociacion Colombiana de Psiquiatria and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)