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1. Plasma-surface interactions in TFTR DT experiments

Author

Manfred Bitter, D. K. Owens, L. Dudek, W. Park, M. Murakami, Fred Levinton, George McKee, T. Stevenson, J. D. Strachan, Mamiko Sasao, D. K. Mansfield, William Tang, A.C. Janos, S. von Goeler, C.A. Gentile, R. Camp, C. E. Bush, J. DeLooper, Darin Ernst, H. Anderson, Takeo Nishitani, R. J. Hawryluk, G. L. Schmidt, N. Gorelenkov, J. H. Rogers, J. R. Wilson, B. Grek, Raffi Nazikian, C.H. Skinner, S. S. Medley, A. Martin, B. LeBlanc, M. Norris, R. Durst, J.L. Terry, D. Ashcroft, Michael Loughlin, N. T. Lam, Robert Budny, F. C. Jobes, S. F. Paul, J.A. Snipes, L. C. Johnson, J.F. Schivell, Chio-Zong Cheng, D.L. Jassby, C. K. Phillips, M.E. Thompson, L. R. Grisham, G. Pearson, M. Caorlin, David A Rasmussen, M. Leonard, A. Nagy, B. McCormack, David W. Johnson, R. Sissingh, H.W. Hermann, G. Taylor, C. Vannoy, N. Fromm, G. A. Wurden, R. M. Wieland, Masaki Osakabe, Gregory R. Hanson, J.C. Hosea, M. H. Redi, W. R. Blanchard, S. Cauffman, S. H. Batha, P. C. Efthimion, Guoyong Fu, E. Perry, Earl Marmar, M. Oldaker, N. Bretz, R. Rossmassler, J.L. Anderson, Masaaki Yamada, R. Fisher, Hyeon K. Park, William Heidbrink, K. McGuire, P. H. LaMarche, D. R. Mikkelsen, S. D. Scott, K. W. Hill, A. von Halle, D. Voorhees, M. C. Zarnstorff, H.W. Kugel, K. M. Young, H. Adler, D. Roberts, J. McChesney, John B Wilgen, A. T. Ramsey, R.T. Walters, D.M. Meade, S. Pitcher, Harold P. Furth, M. G. Bell, H.H. Duong, Z. Chang, E. Ruskov, T. O'Connor, G. Barnes, J. Machuzak, M. Williams, M. P. Petrov, H. Hsuan, R.J. Fonck, J. Kamperschroer, E.D. Fredrickson, K. L. Wong, C. Ancher, J. E. Stevens, G. Schilling, S. Raftopoulos, Gregory W. Hammett, J. Collins, M. Tuszewski, D. Mueller, Richard Majeski, Brentley Stratton, Cris W. Barnes, S. J. Zweben, E. Mazzucato, D.S. Darrow, S.A. Sabbagh, E. J. Synakowski, P. Alling, R. Newman, A. L. Roquemore, R. E. Bell, D. C. McCune, and G. Coward

Subjects
inorganic chemicals, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Tokamak, Lawson criterion, chemistry.chemical_element, Plasma, Alpha particle, Fusion power, law.invention, Nuclear Energy and Engineering, chemistry, law, Limiter, General Materials Science, Lithium, Atomic physics, Helium
Abstract

TFTR has begun its campaign to study deuterium-tritium fusion under reactor-like conditions. Variable amounts of deuterium and tritium neutral beam power have been used to maximize fusion power, study alpha heating, investigate alpha particle confinement, and search for alpha driven plasma instabilities. Additional areas of study include energy and particle transport and confinement, ICRF heating schemes for DT plasmas, tritium retention, and fusion in high βp plasmas. The majority of this work is done in the TFTR supershot confinement regime. To obtain supershots, extensive limiter conditioning using helium fueled ohmic discharges and lithium pellet injection into ohmic and neutral beam heated plasmas is performed, resulting in a low recycling limiter. The relationship between recycling and core plasma confinement has been studied by using helium, deuterium and high-Z gas puffs to simulate high recycling limiter conditions. These studies show that confinement in TFTR supershots is very sensitive to the influx of neutral particles at the plasma edge.

Published
1995
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2. Fusion power production from TFTR plasmas fueled with deuterium and tritium

Author

K. L. Wong, Takeo Nishitani, R. Newman, R. M. Wieland, M. Leonard, D. S. Darrow, R.E. Bell, K. M. McGuire, G. A. Wurden, G. Pearson, G. Coward, M. P. Petrov, Manfred Bitter, M. H. Redi, Joseph Snipes, A.C. Janos, H. Adler, H. W. Herrmann, W. R. Blanchard, J.M. McChesney, C. K. Phillips, A. Martin, M. Caorlin, James R. Wilson, A. T. Ramsey, Harold P. Furth, Fred Levinton, C. Vannoy, Gregory W. Hammett, R. T. Walters, N. Fromm, G. Schilling, D. K. Owens, P. H. LaMarche, J. H. Kamperschroer, D. R. Mikkelsen, S. von Goeler, Cris W. Barnes, S. D. Scott, C. Ancher, S. H. Batha, M. G. Bell, B. McCormack, P. C. Efthimion, Guoyong Fu, W. Park, A. von Halle, Masaki Osakabe, M. Tuszewski, H.H. Duong, G. R. McKee, John B Wilgen, B.P. LeBlanc, D.C. McCune, C. Gentile, N. T. Lam, R. K. Fisher, J. Machuzak, S. Cauffman, S. Pitcher, F. C. Jobes, M. Oldaker, A. Nagy, Kenneth M. Young, S. J. Zweben, M. E. Thompson, S.A. Sabbagh, R. J. Fonck, J.F. Schivell, Chio-Zong Cheng, William Heidbrink, E. Perry, B. C. Stratton, J. D. Strachan, Mamiko Sasao, N. N. Gorelenkov, E.D. Fredrickson, P. Alling, M. Norris, D. Ashcroft, C.E. Bush, J. E. Stevens, R. Durst, D.R. Ernst, Michael Loughlin, H.W. Kugel, L. C. Johnson, S.F. Paul, E. Mazzucato, M. C. Zarnstorff, Robert Budny, David W. Johnson, E. J. Synakowski, Richard Majeski, J. L. Terry, G. R. Hanson, J. Hosea, E. Ruskov, Dale Meade, J. H. Rogers, Z. Chang, M. Murakami, A. L. Roquemore, G. Barnes, N. L. Bretz, D. Voorhees, L. Dudek, S. S. Medley, D. L. Jassby, G. Taylor, J.L. Anderson, K. W. Hill, D. Mueller, B. Grek, Masaaki Yamada, T. O’Connor, D.K. Mansfield, L. R. Grisham, Hyeon K. Park, R. Camp, E.S. Marmar, David A Rasmussen, M. Williams, R. Sissingh, H. Anderson, T. Stevenson, G. L. Schmidt, D. W. Roberts, H. Hsuan, R. Rossmassler, William Tang, Raffi Nazikian, R. J. Hawryluk, C.H. Skinner, J. DeLooper, and J. Collins

Subjects
Nuclear physics, Physics, Deuterium, Lawson criterion, General Physics and Astronomy, Tritium, Alpha particle, Plasma, Fusion power, Atomic physics, Charged particle, Ion
Abstract

Peak fusion power production of 6.2 ± 0.4 MW has been achieved in TFTR plasmas heated by deuterium and tritium neutral beams at a total power of 29.5 MW. These plasmas have an inferred central fusion alpha particle density of 1.2 x 1017 m ₋3 without the appearance of either disruptive magnetohydrodynamics events or detectable changes in Alfven wave activity. The measured loss rate of energetic alpha particles agreed with the approximately 5% losses expected from alpha particles which are born on unconfined orbits.

Published
1994
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3. Deuterium-tritium experiments on TFTR

Author

S. H. Batha, J.L. Terry, G. L. Schmidt, V. Zavereev, M. McCarthy, T. O’Connor, J. Gilbert, R. Marsala, P. C. Efthimion, D.C. McCune, M.I. Williams, Guoyong Fu, E. Lawson, S. Pitcher, L. R. Grisham, William Dorland, H. Hsuan, R. Rossmassler, G.A. Navratil, J. Machuzak, D. A. Rasmunsen, William Heidbrink, Hyeon K. Park, P. Alling, M. Oldaker, J. Swanson, Fred Levinton, Harold P. Furth, Paul Parks, G.R. McKee, R. Wester, N. T. Lam, E. Perry, K. L. Wong, W. Tighe, Michael Loughlin, E. Fredd, J. A. Murphy, J. Stencel, J.F. Schivell, Chio-Zong Cheng, D. Loesser, R. Newman, C. Gentile, A.C. Janos, Kenneth M. Young, R. Durst, G. Rewoldt, D. Long, D. S. Darrow, I. Semenov, J. A. Snipes, R. Scillia, L. Dudek, C. K. Phillips, R. M. Wieland, Glenn Bateman, M. E. Thompson, G. R. Hanson, M. G. Bell, M. C. Zarnstorff, A. L. Roquemore, Kenji Tobita, J.M. McChesney, K. M. McGuire, G. A. Wurden, Michael E. Mauel, J. W. Anderson, B. McCormack, S. von Goeler, S. Yoshikawa, E.S. Marmar, R. Persing, H. Takahashi, G. Martin, Mamiko Sasao, W. Stodiek, J. Strachan, S. S. Medley, B. Grek, M. Cropper, R. A. Hulse, Masaki Osakabe, H.H. Duong, M. H. Redi, W. R. Blanchard, G. Taylor, G. Labik, P. H. LaMarche, D. R. Mikkelsen, K. W. Hill, C. Vannoy, Jay Kesner, B.P. LeBlanc, J. Levine, A. T. Ramsey, R. Sissingh, M. Caorlin, S. Cauffman, Gregory W. Hammett, R. K. Fisher, Cris W. Barnes, S. D. Scott, H. W. Herrmann, M. Murakami, M. Kalish, H. Adler, V. Arunasalam, R.J. Hawryluk, Michael A. Beer, Ryan M. White, Masaaki Yamada, A. L. Qualls, William Tang, J. Giola, F. C. Jobes, G. Ascione, Manfred Bitter, A. Martin, S. A. Sabbaugh, D. W. Roberts, S. Sesnic, J. Chrzanowski, M. Viola, T. Stevenson, R. Fromm, Paul Woskov, J. Winston, E. Mazzucato, R.J. Fonck, N. N. Gorelenkov, Richard Majeski, E.D. Fredrickson, L. C. Johnson, J. Timberlake, G. Barnes, A. von Halle, R.E. Bell, R. T. Walters, V. Garzotto, T. Senko, H. Evensen, N. L. Bretz, C.H. Skinner, G. Schilling, S. Ramakrishnan, D. Voorhees, David W. Johnson, J. Collins, S. V. Mirnov, J. H. Kamperschroer, John B Wilgen, G. Renda, C. Ancher, J. Hosea, D. L. Jassby, E. Ruskov, D. Mueller, M. Norris, Raffi Nazikian, C. Brunkhorst, J. E. Stevens, K. Wright, Dale Meade, C.E. Bush, J. H. Rogers, Z. Chang, H. Anderson, G. Pearson, G. Coward, M. P. Petrov, M. Hughes, D.K. Mansfield, H. Carnevale, D. K. Owens, H. H. Towner, W. Park, T. Fujita, J. DeLooper, R. Camp, James R. Wilson, M. Tuszewski, E. J. Synakowski, A. Nagy, B. C. Stratton, M.W. Phillips, Stewart Zweben, R.V. Budny, D.R. Ernst, R. Pysher, H.W. Kugel, S. Raftapoulos, J. Ongena, S.F. Paul, R. Daugert, and Nathaniel J. Fisch

Subjects
Nuclear physics, Deuterium, Chemistry, Neutron flux, Neutron, Tritium, Plasma, Atomic physics, Fusion power, Tokamak Fusion Test Reactor, Ion
Abstract

A peak fusion power production of 9.3±0.7 MW has been achieved on the Tokamak Fusion Test Reactor (TFTR) in deuterium plasmas heated by co and counter injected deuterium and tritium neutral beams with a total power of 33.7 MW. The ratio of fusion power output to heating power input is 0.27. At the time of the highest neutron flux the plasma conditions are: Te(0)=11.5 keV, Ti(0)=44 keV, ne(0)=8.5×1019 m−3, and 〈Zeff〉=2.2 giving τE=0.24 s. These conditions are similar to those found in the highest confinement deuterium plasmas. The measured D‐T neutron yield is within 7% of computer code estimates based on profile measurements and within experimental uncertainties. These plasmas have an inferred central fusion alpha fraction of 0.2% and central fusion power density of 2 MW/m3 similar to that expected in a fusion reactor. Even though the alpha velocity exceeds the Alfven velocity throughout the time of high neutron output in most high power plasmas, MHD activity is not substantially different from that in co...

Published
1995
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4. Confinement and heating of a deuterium-tritium plasma

Author

P. C. Efthimion, E. J. Synakowski, Guoyong Fu, J.M. McChesney, C. K. Phillips, M. Caorlin, R. Newman, William Heidbrink, E.D. Fredrickson, Gregory W. Hammett, R. M. Wieland, J. E. Stevens, C. Gentile, S. Cauffman, G. Barnes, M. Tuszewski, L. Dudek, Manfred Bitter, E. Perry, N. T. Lam, Masaki Osakabe, N. L. Bretz, K. L. Wong, R. K. Fisher, J. DeLooper, D. Voorhees, L. C. Johnson, David W. Johnson, J.F. Schivell, G. R. Hanson, F. C. Jobes, J. Hosea, Chio-Zong Cheng, D. S. Darrow, J. D. Strachan, Mamiko Sasao, James R. Wilson, E. Ruskov, B. Grek, Richard Majeski, S.F. Paul, K. M. McGuire, Dale Meade, J. H. Rogers, J. Machuzak, G. A. Wurden, E.S. Marmar, R. Sissingh, R. T. Walters, Z. Chang, H. W. Herrmann, T. Stevenson, H. Anderson, G. Schilling, J. H. Kamperschroer, M. H. Redi, Masaaki Yamada, A. von Halle, W. R. Blanchard, D. L. Jassby, J.L. Anderson, Takeo Nishitani, C. Ancher, R. Camp, M. Oldaker, D. Mueller, John B Wilgen, D. W. Roberts, William Tang, R. Durst, J.L. Terry, N. N. Gorelenkov, P. H. LaMarche, D. R. Mikkelsen, David A Rasmussen, R. J. Hawryluk, M. Leonard, C.H. Skinner, T. O’Connor, A. L. Roquemore, Kenneth M. Young, L. R. Grisham, R.E. Bell, M. E. Thompson, D.K. Mansfield, D. Ashcroft, S. S. Medley, E. Mazzucato, G. Taylor, K. W. Hill, B.P. LeBlanc, Raffi Nazikian, G. Pearson, G. Coward, A. Nagy, M. P. Petrov, Cris W. Barnes, S. D. Scott, B. C. Stratton, S.A. Sabbagh, R. J. Fonck, Joseph Snipes, C. Vannoy, Stewart Zweben, R.V. Budny, D.R. Ernst, H.W. Kugel, M. Norris, C.E. Bush, N. Fromm, D. K. Owens, M. C. Zarnstorff, W. Park, Hyeon K. Park, J. Collins, Harold P. Furth, M. Williams, H. Hsuan, M. G. Bell, B. McCormack, H.H. Duong, G. R. McKee, A. T. Ramsey, G. L. Schmidt, R. Rossmassler, D.C. McCune, P. Alling, Michael Loughlin, M. Murakami, Fred Levinton, S. von Goeler, H. Adler, A. Martin, A.C. Janos, S. H. Batha, and S. Pitcher

Subjects
inorganic chemicals, Physics, Deuterium, Lawson criterion, technology, industry, and agriculture, General Physics and Astronomy, Electron temperature, Tritium, Plasma diagnostics, Plasma, Atomic physics, Tokamak Fusion Test Reactor, Ion
Abstract

The Tokamak Fusion Test Reactor (TFTR) has performed initial high-power experiments with the plasma fueled by deuterium and tritium to nominally equal densities. Compared to pure deuterium plasmas, the energy stored in the electron and ions increased by ~20%. These increases indicate improvements in confinement associated with the use of tritium and possibly heating of electrons by α-particles.

Published
1994

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