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The transition from the 18th to the 19th century saw significant contributions to the advancement of weather and climate sciences. Proposed interpretations of nature showed the influence of the philosophical ideas of the time. Authors such as Kant, Laplace, and Humboldt developed their theories on nature, which evolved the concepts of environmentalism of the time. In this context, Goethe published different writings on the importance of nature and its constituent elements, including the atmosphere, which merited the writing of a treatise on meteorology with novel ideas on atmospheric dynamics. With an exquisite education, Goethe developed his work in a cultural and scientific context -Weimar-propitious to promoting the arts and sciences. He participated in the activities of the Jena Circle and played an active role in the political life of the time. Goethe's contributions to the theory of nature and the understanding of atmospheric issues established a necessary intellectual link between Kantian idealism and the scientific empiricism practiced by Humboldt in the first decades of the 19th century. This work analyses the cultural and social context in which Goethe's ideas on nature developed and, in particular, on atmospheric aspects whose study and interpretation marked the life of the German polymath. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Captain Antonio Pazos García is the director of the Royal Institute and Observatory of the Navy (ROA), a scientific institution in Spain dedicated to observation and monitoring in fields such as geophysics, meteorology, astronomy, and determination of the official time. Founded in 1753, the ROA has participated in Antarctic campaigns and shares a parallel history with the Greenwich Observatory in the United Kingdom. In addition to conducting astronomical observations, the Observatory publishes the Nautical Almanac and Astronomical Ephemeris, and determines and maintains the time of the reference meridian. The ROA is dedicated to scientific and technical activities, with a focus on the Time Section and space surveillance and tracking. [Extracted from the article]

We present the most significant results of Russian scientists in the field of atmospheric ozone research for 2019–2022 and examine observations of tropospheric ozone, its distribution and variability on the territory of the Russian Federation, its relation with atmospheric parameters, modeling of formation processes, and its impact on public health. The state of stratospheric ozone over Russia, modeling of processes in the ozonosphere, and methods and instruments being developed are also analyzed. The review is a part of Russia's national report on meteorology and atmospheric sciences, which was prepared for the International Association of Meteorology and Atmospheric Sciences (IAMAS). It has been reviewed and approved at the 28th General Assembly of the International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics (IUGG). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This review contains the most significant results of Russian studies in the field of atmospheric electricity in 2019–2022. It is part of the Russian National Report on Meteorology and Atmospheric Sciences to the International Association of Meteorology and Atmospheric Sciences (IAMAS). The report was presented and approved at the XXVIII General Assembly of the International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics ((IUGG). The review is followed by a list of the main published works on the studies of atmospheric electricity of Russian scientists in 2019–2022. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A brief overview of the work of Russian scientists in the field of atmospheric chemistry in 20190–2022 is presented, including work on the chemistry of the troposphere, the chemistry of the ozone layer, the study of heterophase processes, and the chemical aspects of climate and its change. The review was prepared in the Commission on Atmospheric Chemistry of the Section of Meteorology and Atmospheric Sciences of the National Geophysical Committee. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A review of studies on the atmospheres of planets in the solar system performed by Russian scientists in 2019–2022 is presented. This review was prepared in the Commission on Planetary Atmospheres of the National Geophysical Committee for the National Report on Meteorology and Atmospheric Science at the 28th General Assembly of the International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics (IUGG 2023) in Berlin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This review outlines the most significant results of research in dynamic meteorology performed by Russian scientists in 2019–2022. It is part of the Russian National Report on Meteorology and Atmospheric Sciences submitted to the International Association of Meteorology and Atmospheric Sciences (IAMAS). The review is supplemented by a list of main publications of Russian scientists on dynamic meteorology in 2019–2022. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A review of the results of Russian studies of the middle atmosphere in 2019–2022, prepared by the Commission on the Middle Atmosphere of the Meteorology and Atmospheric Sciences Section (MASS) of the Russian National Geophysical Committee for the National Report on Meteorology and Atmospheric Sciences to the 28th General Assembly of the International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics (Germany, 2023), is presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This publication is an overview of the results of Russian polar research in 2019–2022, prepared in the Commission on Polar Meteorology of the National Geophysical Committee for the National Report on Meteorology and Atmospheric Sciences for the 28th General Assembly of the International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics (Berlin, Germany, July 11–20, 2023). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Results of Russian studies on cloud physics, precipitation, and weather modification in 2019–2022 are presented based on a survey prepared for the Russian National Report on Meteorology and Atmospheric Sciences to the 28th General Assembly of the International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics. Results concerning general issues of the observation and modeling of clouds and precipitation, including convective clouds; issues of studying the microphysical and optical characteristics of clouds; and the weather modification are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The results of Russian studies of climate and its changes (published in 2019–2022) are presented based on a review prepared for the National Report on Meteorology and Atmospheric Sciences for the 28th General Assembly of the International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics (Berlin, Germany, July 11–20, 2023). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article highlights the importance of Augusto Arcimis in the creation of the Meteorological Service in Spain. It mentions that in recent years there have been scientific and technological advances in weather forecasting, which has generated confidence in meteorologists. It emphasizes that in 1880, Cecilio Pujazón and Augusto Arcimis were key in the organization of the meteorological service in Spain. Arcimis was the first director of the Central Meteorological Institute and established its headquarters in the Tower of the old optical telegraph in Retiro Park in Madrid. Despite administrative obstacles, the Institute began operating in 1893. [Extracted from the article]

Climate and weather directly impact plant phenology, affecting airborne pollen. The objective of this systematic review is to examine the impacts of meteorological variables on airborne pollen concentrations and pollen season timing. Using PRISMA methodology, we reviewed literature that assessed whether there was a relationship between local temperature and precipitation and measured airborne pollen. The search strategy included terms related to pollen, trends or measurements, and season timing. For inclusion, studies must have conducted a correlation analysis of at least 5 years of airborne pollen data to local meteorological data and report quantitative results. Data from peer-reviewed articles were extracted on the correlations between seven pollen indicators (main pollen season start date, end date, peak date, and length, annual pollen integral, average daily pollen concentration, and peak pollen concentration), and two meteorological variables (temperature and precipitation). Ninety-three articles were included in the analysis out of 9,679 articles screened. Overall, warmer temperatures correlated with earlier and longer pollen seasons and higher pollen concentrations. Precipitation had varying effects on pollen concentration and pollen season timing indicators. Increased precipitation may have a short-term effect causing low pollen concentrations potentially due to "wash out" effect. Long-term effects of precipitation varied for trees and weeds and had a positive correlation with grass pollen levels. With increases in temperature due to climate change, pollen seasons for some taxa in some regions may start earlier, last longer, and be more intense, which may be associated with adverse health impacts, as pollen exposure has well-known health effects in sensitized individuals.

Around 1810 in Austria, pioneering researchers working mainly alone conducted meteorological measurements. One of these was the monk and physicist Gotthard Wisiak (1783–1840). Equipped with only the most basic instruments, he recorded air pressure, air temperature, air humidity and observations of wind and weather three times a day (at 8 am, 3 pm and 10 pm) and on 1,576 days from 1814 to 1818. An orientation towards contemporary technical literature is just as hard to overlook as the individual design of central measurement contents, the pursuit of personal interests and the sole overcoming of difficulties. The latter mainly related to the reading of the barometer and the implementation of new meteorological findings in his measurement scheme. Most likely due to lack of peer group and professional exchange, Wisiak was not always able to live up to his claim of verifiability of his scientific work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Atmospheric science research has seen significant advances in facilitating the generation of knowledge and promoting a scientific understanding of global meteorological issues and concerns with the advent of technological progress across many disciplines, including the physical and biological sciences and the breakthroughs in computational and modeling methodologies. This has resulted in a rich library of scientific literature showcasing knowledge creation and a deeper understanding of natural phenomena and their linkages to the sustenance of life embodied by the extensive systems of the hydrosphere, biosphere, and even the frontiers of outer space. This article outlines how primary research in atmospheric science can be integrated into chemical education by furnishing connections and synchronicity with chemistry, bridging the concepts, discoveries, innovations, and their immediate importance to science and society. A general overview is given on how topics or themes in general chemistry courses can utilize the power of scientific research articles on atmospheric science, fostering students' interest in meteorological concepts and related fields. A non-exhaustive list of primary research literature highlighting breakthroughs related to a specific chemistry theme serving as templates for chemical educators is provided to enable the students to see real-world applications. Integrating research into science education is an effective strategy to promote scientific thinking and literacy and should be a catalyst for the global drive for sustainability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article provides a comprehensive list of scientific articles, publications, and funded projects related to meteorology and climate research in Croatia and the Mediterranean region. The topics covered include climate change, air quality, coastal flooding, agricultural adaptation, and more. These resources offer valuable information for library patrons conducting research on these specific topics, providing insights into the climate and environmental conditions in the region. [Extracted from the article]

The article reports on the Scientific Conference of 2024, which took place in Cádiz and San Fernando. There were 115 participants, including 85 speakers, 26 listeners, and four guests. The event featured 90 oral presentations, 15 posters, and two invited talks. The participants came from various scientific institutions, universities, and companies. The XXII Hispanic-Portuguese Meteorology Meeting was also held, which included a roundtable discussion on Climate Services. The article highlights the organizational effectiveness and hospitality of the hosts. In addition, the results of the Meteovideo 2024 and Meteoinvierno contests were announced, and a General Assembly of Members was convened for May. [Extracted from the article]

The article is about the (Laplace)-Coriolis acceleration and its relationship with atmospheric movements and ocean currents. The importance of studying this force in atmospheric dynamics is highlighted, and its peculiar nature is analyzed. A detailed derivation of the acceleration is presented, and the complementary terms of point drag and vector drag are explained. It is concluded that these terms depend on the relative velocity and the rotation velocity, and that the complementary Coriolis term is nullified when the relative velocity is parallel to the axis of rotation. [Extracted from the article]

The first decade of the twenty-first century saw remarkable technological advancements for use in biometeorology. These emerging technologies have allowed for the collection of new data and have further emphasized the need for specific and/or changing systems for efficient data management, data processing, and advanced representations of new data through digital information management systems. This short communication provides an overview of new hardware and software technologies that support biometeorologists in representing and understanding the influence of atmospheric processes on living organisms.

Many STEM disciplines rely on experiential or applied-learning courses, camps, workshops, etc. to recruit and engage students. The instructors hosted the discussion due to a lack of appropriate experience among the new students, but future versions of this course will certainly incorporate student-led discussions. Instructors Dixon and Durkee recruited three students with no previous storm-chase experience to participate in the course, including two female undergraduate STEM majors and a male graduate student. [Extracted from the article]

The article focuses on transcribe in Tiempo y Clima a broad extract of this news item which has been a classic every beginning of the year. Topics include examines it was released by the World Meteorological Organization on January 12, 2022 as according to six reference temperature data sets for the World Meteorological Organization (WMO), the past eight years have been the warmest on record globally.

The purpose of the data assimilation is to use all the available information to determine as accurately as possible the state of the atmosphere. In this context we consider the assimilation of the GPS-ZTD (Global Positioning System – Zenith Total Delay) by a nudging scheme in Regional Atmospheric Modeling System at Institute of Atmospheric Sciences and Climate (RAMS@ISAC) at medium horizontal resolution (5 km). The water vapour mixing ratio ( q v ) given by the RAMS@ISAC is perturbed according to the differences between observed and simulated ZTD. To verify the impact of the GPS-ZTD data assimilation on the representation of the atmospheric humidity field, especially at the local scale, a numerical experiment was performed over central Italy area, over a one-month time frame. The studied network consists of 41 geodetic receivers and 3 single frequency receivers, this latter category of receivers has turned up more and more in marketing for the very low cost with respect to high level of performance. For what concerns all devices, processing was carried out in PPP (Precise Point Positioning) using goGPS, an Open Source Program Package for GNSS Positioning. For the application of PPP processing to single-frequency receivers, goSEID method (an alternative implementation of the SEID approach integrated in the goGPS open source software) was applied; the algorithm, starting from the observations of a unique (or more) dual frequency "reference" receiver, is able to generate L2 synthetic observations for any single frequency receiver located in its surroundings (15–20 km). Results show that the assimilation of GPS-ZTD has a positive impact on the simulation of the Integrated Water Vapour over the areas where GPS receivers are located. The results obtained, using data assimilation, were indeed compared with those obtained by the model without data assimilation of GPS-ZTD. The two outputs were subsequently evaluated against observations obtained from two geodetic receivers (ROUN and INGR) not used in the assimilation process. The result showed that the independent observation was more consistent with the model output in which also the single-frequency receivers had been assimilated. The assimilation of GPS-ZTD improves also the simulated precipitation, especially by reducing false alarms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Transport model error is an important source of uncertainty when estimating surface CO2 fluxes via an atmospheric model inversion. In this study, the transport error due to uncertainty of meteorological fields is investigated with a high resolution, limited‐area model. We characterize the extent to which errors in meteorological initial conditions (ICs) and lateral boundary conditions (LBCs) impact the quality of atmospheric CO2 transport across spatial scales. A series of experiments is conducted using different meteorological ICs and LBCs that possess varying levels of accuracy. We find that the transport error of CO2 is more sensitive to errors in meteorology at smaller scales O(10 km) than at larger scales O(1,000 km), and that surface CO2 fluxes can explain the predictability of CO2 at the largest scales. We also determine the spatial scales resolvable in the context of uncertain meteorology. These findings have implications for the development of regional‐scale inverse modeling systems. When assimilating CO2 observations near the surface, using accurate meteorological ICs is important for resolving fine‐scale spatial variability of CO2 because CO2 transport at lower levels is more sensitive to meteorological ICs and surface CO2 fluxes than to meteorological LBCs. However, when assimilating aircraft CO2 measurements or XCO2 satellite retrievals which contain information at higher altitudes, using accurate meteorological LBCs is also important. Improvement in meteorological inputs through a data assimilation system could be helpful in further resolving finer spatial scales of CO2 at regional scales. Key Points: The spatial scales of CO2 that can be resolved in the presence of meteorological errors are quantified with a limited‐area modelThe relative impact of accuracy in meteorological initial versus boundary conditions on CO2 transport depends on altitude and monthTo further resolve finer spatial scales of CO2 at regional scale, reduced errors in meteorological inputs are necessary [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recent work has suggested that tropical Pacific decadal variability and external forcings have had a comparable influence on the observed changes in the Southern Hemisphere summertime eddy‐driven jet over the satellite era. Here we contrast the zonally asymmetric response of the Southern Hemisphere eddy‐driven jet to tropical Pacific decadal variability by designing an atmosphere‐only PAC‐A experiment using the Community Atmosphere Model version 5 (CAM5) and comparing it with the fully coupled Community Earth System Model Version 1 (CESM1) tropical Pacific pacemaker (PAC‐C) experiments. In both frameworks, the tropical Pacific sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies are identical (model climatology plus observed anomalies), which allows the PAC‐C and PAC‐A experiments to be used to estimate the impact of coupling on teleconnections from the tropical Pacific to the Southern Hemisphere extratropics. The observed summertime South Pacific jet intensification is reproduced in both coupled and uncoupled experiments, indicating that the central and eastern tropical Pacific (hereafter, tropical Pacific) SST impacts the South Pacific jet mainly via direct atmospheric teleconnections. By contrast, only the coupled PAC‐C captures the summertime poleward shift of the South Atlantic‐Indian jet, suggesting that air‐sea coupling is essential in driving the teleconnections between tropical Pacific SST anomalies and South Atlantic‐Indian jet variations. Plain Language Summary: There is a zonally asymmetric response of the Southern Hemisphere summertime eddy‐driven jet to tropical Pacific decadal variability, with a poleward migration observed in the South Atlantic‐Indian basin and an intensification for the South Pacific basin. By designing an atmosphere‐only experiment and comparing it with a fully coupled tropical Pacific pacemaker run, we find that the South Pacific jet responds to tropical Pacific sea surface temperature (SST) variability via direct atmospheric processes. By contrast, air‐sea coupling is notably important for the South Atlantic‐Indian jet response to tropical Pacific SSTs as it is conducive to the Pacific–South American Rossby wave propagation into the Atlantic. Key Points: Atmosphere‐only experiments are designed to contrast with coupled pacemakers runs to understand the influence of tropical Pacific decadal variability on the Southern Hemisphere eddy‐driven jetThe South Pacific jet responds to tropical Pacific sea surface temperature variability via direct atmospheric processesAir‐sea coupling is crucial for reproducing the observed poleward migration of the South Atlantic‐Indian jet [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines the most controversial of the activities of the India Meteorological Department (IMD): long-term seasonal forecasting for the South Asian subcontinent. Under the pressure of recurrent famines, in 1886 the imperial IMD commenced annual issue of monsoon predictions several months in advance, focused on one variable: rainfall. This state service was new to global late nineteenth-century meteorology, attempted first and most rigorously in India. Successive IMD leaders adapted the forecast in light of scientific and infrastructural developments, continuously revising the underlying methods of its production. All methods failed to achieve accurate prevision. Nevertheless, the imperatives of economic administration, empire and public demand compelled IMD scientists to continue annual publication of this unreliable product. This article contends that the seasonal forecast is best understood as an enduring ritual of good governance in a monsoonal environment. Through analysis of newspaper controversies, it suggests that although the seasonal forecast was the most compelling justification for the IMD's imperial and global importance, its limitations undercut popular trust in modern meteorology. Finally, this case illustrates the centrality of 'tropical meteorology' to the historical development of modern atmospheric science. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The 2085 km2 Jordan River Basin, and its seven sub‐catchments draining the Central Wasatch Range immediately east of Salt Lake City, UT, are home to an array of hydrologic, atmospheric, climatic and chemical research infrastructure that collectively forms the Wasatch Environmental Observatory (WEO). WEO is geographically nested within a wildland to urban land‐use gradient and built upon a strong foundation of over a century of discharge and climate records. A 2200 m gradient in elevation results in variable precipitation, temperature and vegetation patterns. Soil and subsurface structure reflect systematic variation in geology from granitic, intrusive to mixed sedimentary clastic across headwater catchments, all draining to the alluvial or colluvial sediments of the former Lake Bonneville. Winter snowfall and spring snowmelt control annual hydroclimate, rapid population growth dominates geographic change in lower elevations and urban gas and particle emissions contribute to episodes of severe air pollution in this closed‐basin. Long‐term hydroclimate observations across this diverse landscape provide the foundation for an expanding network of infrastructure in both montane and urban landscapes. Current infrastructure supports both basic and applied research in atmospheric chemistry, biogeochemistry, climate, ecology, hydrology, meteorology, resource management and urban redesign that is augmented through strong partnerships with cooperating agencies. These features allow WEO to serve as a unique natural laboratory for addressing research questions facing seasonally snow‐covered, semi‐arid regions in a rapidly changing world and an excellent facility for providing student education and research training. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Spatial and temporal variations in aerosol particulate matter (PM) were investigated for distribution over the four seasons of chemical constituents and particle size fractions in Faisalabad, Pakistan from June 2012 to April 2013. At nine sampling sites, four PM mass size fractions (total suspended particulates [TSP], PM10, PM4 and PM2.5) were monitored; simultaneously, TSP mass samples were collected on glass fber flters using a high volume air sampler. TSP samples (144) were subjected to quantitative chemical analyses for determining trace elements (Pb, Cd, Ni, Zn, Cu, Fe) using atomic absorption spectroscopy, and water-soluble cations (Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, K+, NH4+) and anions (Cl–, SO42– and NO3–) by ion chromatography. The highest PM mass concentrations were observed at industrial sites, while they were somewhat lower in major road intersections and lowest in the remote background site. It was also observed that PM mass concentrations were about two to 20 times higher than the standard limits of the World Health Organization and the US Environmental Protection Agency. Coarse particles (TSP, PM10 and PM4) were found to be highest during the summer, while relatively fne particles (PM2.5) were higher during the winter period. Concentrations of all size fractions were lowest during the monsoon sampling period at all sites. Concentrations of different elements and water-soluble ions also followed the similar temporal pattern as PM mass concentrations. The crustal elements Ca, Fe, Mg and Na were the largest contributors to TSP mass while elements of anthropogenic origin (Pb, Cd, Ni, Cu and Zn) had relatively lower concentrations and also showed a high spatial variation. Among the anions, sulfate (SO42–) was the predominant species contributing to 50-60% of the total anion concentration. It was found that rainfall, wind speed and relative humidity were the most important meteorological factors affecting PM concentrations. The evaluation of data presented in this paper will serve as a basis for future regional modeling and source apportionment.

The Spanish Meteorological Association (AME) reports on the success of the Scientific Conferences held in Cádiz and San Fernando, with the participation of over a hundred meteorology professionals and the presentation of 107 papers. Additionally, the visit to the Royal Institute and Observatory of the Navy (ROA) and the fellowship dinner at El Balandro restaurant are highlighted. Other articles presented at the Conferences are also mentioned, such as the PTI+ Climate platform of the CSIC and the nowcasting systems in European National Meteorological Services. On the other hand, the tenth anniversary of the AME's seasonal photography contests is celebrated, and the average precipitation in March is highlighted, which has relieved the water supply outlook for the upcoming summer in a large part of the country. [Extracted from the article]

The Royal Academy of Sciences and Arts of Barcelona (RACAB) paid tribute to Francisco Morán Samaniego, a meteorologist from the Spanish Meteorological Service and the first professor of Atmospheric Physics in Spain. The event was attended by distinguished academics and meteorologists, who highlighted Morán's scientific contributions and his role in the acceptance of Einstein's theory of relativity in the Spanish scientific community. Additionally, the close relationship between the Meteorological Service and RACAB was emphasized, as well as Morán's influence in the creation of the Atmospheric Physics chair at the University of Barcelona. The event concluded with the delivery of publications to the RACAB library as a recognition of the support provided for the tribute. [Extracted from the article]

Here we present, for the first time, a glossary of biometeorological terms. The glossary aims to address the need for a reliable source of biometeorological definitions, thereby facilitating communication and mutual understanding in this rapidly expanding field. A total of 171 terms are defined, with reference to 234 citations. It is anticipated that the glossary will be revisited in coming years, updating terms and adding new terms, as appropriate. The glossary is intended to provide a useful resource to the biometeorology community, and to this end, readers are encouraged to contact the lead author to suggest additional terms for inclusion in later versions of the glossary as a result of new and emerging developments in the field.

This is a review of the results from Russian polar research in 2015–2018 prepared by the Commission on Polar Meteorology of the National Geophysical Committee for the National Report on Meteorology and Atmospheric Sciences to the XXVII General Assembly of the International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics (Montreal, Canada, July 8–18, 2019). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We examine systematic differences between topside electron density measurements and different topside model formulations including α-Chapman, NeQuick, and an improved NeQuick (NeQuick-corr) topside formulation, recently proposed. The global topside electron density data set used, was extracted from Radio Occultation (RO) topside electron density profiles on board Low-Earth Orbit satellites from the COSMIC/FORMOSAT-3 (Constellation Observing System for Meteorology, Ionosphere, and Climate and Formosa Satellite) mission. By using RO topside electron density measurements collocated with digisonde stations, we ensure that our investigation is based on two independent data sets (RO and digisondes). A subset of these profiles, with matched (within 5%) peak RO-digisonde characteristics (foF2 and hmF2) is also exploited. This subset is exploited to extend the investigation on the basis of a higher quality validation data set. The comparison demonstrates that α-Chapman and NeQuickcorr underestimate, whereas NeQuick overestimates COSMIC topside electron density observations. The main outcome of this study is the significant NeQuick topside representation improvement that can be achieved near the F region peak, if the key parameter g, which controls the change of scale height with respect to altitude, is optimized to a value of 0.15 (compared to a currently adopted value of 0.125). The NeQuick-corr topside formulation using the optimized g value of 0.15 outperforms all other topside formulations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Atmospheric boundary-layer dynamics over heterogeneous surfaces is significant to a wide array of geophysical and engineering applications. Yet, despite over five decades of intense efforts by the research community, numerous open research questions remain. This underlines the complexity of the physical processes that are excited by heterogeneity, the multitude of patterns and manifestations that it can display, and the importance of the implications to research in the atmospheric sciences and beyond. Here, existing knowledge is reviewed and a path forward for research is proposed, starting with the smaller scales near a surface transition and proceeding to the influence on large-scale dynamics and their forecasting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article on the media character of weather, Tom McCarthy traces a fundamental paradigm shift in meteorology. It mentions that according to him meteorology offers a predestined starting point for the genealogical reconstruction of systemic thinking. It also mentions that while weather has been understood as a local phenomenon, in the middle of the 19th century an understanding was established that not only locates the weather in space, but rather interprets it as a self-regulating system.

Results of Russian studies on cloud physics, precipitation, and weather modification in 2015–2018 are presented based on a survey prepared for the Russian National Report on Meteorology and Atmospheric Sciences to the 27th General Assembly of the International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics (ed. by I.I. Mokhov and A.A. Krivolutsky), Moscow: MAKS Press, 2019, 332 pp. doi:10.29003/m662.978-5-317-06182-1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The results of Russian studies of climate and its changes (published in 2015–2018) are presented using a review prepared for the National Report on Meteorology and Atmospheric Sciences submitted to the 27th General Assembly of the International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics (Montreal, Canada, July 8–18, 2019). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To understand the history and research status of monsoon scholarly publication, a scientometrics study based on the Science Citation Index-Expanded has been made from 1900 to 2018. HistCite was used to analyze the annual outputs, countries, institutions, categories, journals, citations, and high-impact authors in the field. Results revealed that the annual number of outputs showed an increasing trend over the past decades, with an especially rapid increase after 1990. The country with the greatest academic impact was the USA, while the institution with the highest research outputs and citations was the Chinese Academy of Sciences. Meteorology Atmospheric Sciences and Geology were the most dominant categories. Journal of Climate was the most active journal, of which both in outputs and citations. Through citation visualization analysis, monsoon research mainly focuses on two aspects: modern monsoon and paleomonsoon. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This review contains the most important results obtained by Russian scientists in studying atmospheric ozone in 2015–2018 and is a part of the Russian National Report on Meteorology and Atmospheric Sciences that was prepared for the International Association of Meteorology and Atmospheric Sciences (IAMAS). This report was considered and approved at the 27th General Assembly of the International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics (IUGG). A list of main Russian publications on atmospheric ozone and its precursors is appended to it. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A review of the results of planetary atmospheres studies performed by Russian scientists in 2015–2018 prepared in the Commission on planetary atmospheres of the National Geophysical Committee for the National Report on Meteorology and Atmospheric Sciences to the XXVII General Assembly of the International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics (Montreal, June 8–18, 2019) is presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article acts as an introduction to the JGR‐Atmospheres Special Section titled "Bridging Weather and Climate: Subseasonal‐to‐Seasonal (S2S) Prediction". It outlines the major findings of the articles published in the Special Section as well as discusses organized national and international efforts to advance subseasonal‐to‐seasonal prediction research. Key Points: This article acts as an introduction to the special collection on S2S prediction This article introduces the concept of the S2S prediction "gap"This article discusses organized efforts on S2S prediction [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A dusting of snow surrounds the Dart Estuary at Dartmouth, Devon, as snow showers blow in from the English Channel in strong easterly winds on 28 February 2018, I Inside front cover (March) i Burt S, I Front cover (April) i , I Front cover (August) i , I Inside back cover (July) i , I Inside back cover (October) i Moore DP, 348, I Inside front cover (July) i , I Inside back cover (January), Inside back cover (September) i , I Inside back cover (November) i Zinkova M, 68, 119, 159, 195, 264, I Inside front cover (April) i , I Inside front cover (May) i , I Inside front cover (June) i , I Inside front cover (August) i , I Inside back cover (April) i , I Inside back cover (May) i. [Extracted from the article]