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Your search keyword '"Environmental Restoration and Conservation Agency (Japan)"' showing total 4 results
Start Over Author "Environmental Restoration and Conservation Agency (Japan)" Topic atmospheric science
4 results on '"Environmental Restoration and Conservation Agency (Japan)"'

1. Paris Agreement requires substantial, broad, and sustained policy efforts beyond COVID-19 public stimulus packages

Author

Katsumasa Tanaka, Christian Azar, Olivier Boucher, Philippe Ciais, Yann Gaucher, Daniel J. A. Johansson, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES), Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Chalmers University of Technology [Gothenburg, Sweden], K.T. benefited from State assistance managed by the National Research Agency in France under the Programme d’Investissements d’Avenir under the reference ANR-19-MPGA-0008. K.T. was supported by the Environment Research and Technology Development Fund (JPMEERF20202002) of the Environmental Restoration and Conservation Agency (Japan). D.J.A.J. acknowledges Mistra for funding through the research program Mistra Carbon Exit. C.A. acknowledges financial support from Mistra Electric Transition, Carl Bennet Foundation AB, and Åforsk foundation. Y.G. acknowledges financial support from the programme FOCUS - Economie Circulaire du Carbone at the Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), France., and ANR-19-MPGA-0008,PRATO,Achieving the Paris Agreement Temperature Targets after Overshoot(2019)

Subjects
[SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, Physics - Physics and Society, Atmospheric Science, Global and Planetary Change, General Economics (econ.GN), COVID-19, FOS: Physical sciences, Paris Agreement, Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph), FOS: Economics and business, Integrated assessment models, Carbon pricing, Energy investment, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, Green stimulus packages, Economics - General Economics
Abstract

It has been claimed that COVID-19 public stimulus packages could be sufficient to meet the short-term energy investment needs to leverage a shift toward a pathway consistent with the 1.5 °C target of the Paris Agreement. Here, we provide complementary perspectives to reiterate that substantial, broad, and sustained policy efforts beyond stimulus packages will be needed for achieving the Paris Agreement long-term targets. Low-carbon investments will need to scale up and persist over the next several decades following short-term stimulus packages. The required total energy investments in the real world can be larger than the currently available estimates from integrated assessment models (IAMs). Existing databases from IAMs are not sufficient for analyzing the effect of public spending on emission reduction. To inform what role COVID-19 stimulus packages and public investments may play for reaching the Paris Agreement targets, explicit modelling of such policies is required.

Published
2022

2. Comparative assessment of TROPOMI and OMI formaldehyde observations and validation against MAX-DOAS network column measurements

Author

I. De Smedt, G. Pinardi, C. Vigouroux, S. Compernolle, A. Bais, N. Benavent, F. Boersma, K.-L. Chan, S. Donner, K.-U. Eichmann, P. Hedelt, F. Hendrick, H. Irie, V. Kumar, J.-C. Lambert, B. Langerock, C. Lerot, C. Liu, D. Loyola, A. Piters, A. Richter, C. Rivera Cárdenas, F. Romahn, R. G. Ryan, V. Sinha, N. Theys, J. Vlietinck, T. Wagner, T. Wang, H. Yu, M. Van Roozendael, European Space Agency, Belgian Science Policy Office, Royal Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy, German Centre for Air and Space Travel, University of Bremen, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Wageningen University and Research Centre, and Environmental Restoration and Conservation Agency (Japan)

Subjects
Atmospheric Science, Team Agrochains, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Novel Foods & Agrochains, BU Toxicologie, QC1-999, Formaldehyde, TROPOMI, MAX-DOAS, 010501 environmental sciences, Luchtkwaliteit, Novel Foods & Agroketens, 01 natural sciences, Column (database), Air Quality, Troposphere, Atmosphere, chemistry.chemical_compound, Life Science, BU Toxicology, Novel Foods & Agrochains, QD1-999, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Remote sensing, Ozone Monitoring Instrument, WIMEK, Differential optical absorption spectroscopy, Physics, BU Toxicology, Chemistry, BU Toxicologie, Novel Foods & Agroketens, chemistry, 13. Climate action, Environmental science, HCHO, Satellite, Positive bias
Abstract

33 pags., 23 figs., 5 tabs., The TROPOspheric Monitoring Instrument(TROPOMI), launched in October 2017 on board the Sentinel-5 Precursor (S5P) satellite, monitors the composition of the Earth's atmosphere at an unprecedented horizontal resolution as fine as 3.5×5.5 km2. This paper assesses the performances of the TROPOMI formaldehyde(HCHO) operational product compared to its predecessor, the OMI (Ozone Monitoring Instrument) HCHO QA4ECV product, at different spatial and temporal scales. The parallel development of the two algorithms favoured the consistency of the products, which facilitates the production of long-term combined time series. The main difference between the two satellite products is related to the use of different cloud algorithms, leading to a positive bias of OMI compared to TROPOMI of up to 30% in tropical regions. We show that after switching off the explicit correction for cloud effects, the two datasets come into an excellent agreement. For medium to large HCHO vertical columns(larger than 5×1015 molec. cm-2) the median bias between OMI and TROPOMI HCHO columns is not larger than 10% (, Part of the reported work was carried out in the framework of the Copernicus Sentinel-5 Precursor Mission Performance Centre (S5p MPC), contracted by the European Space Agency (ESA/ESRIN, contract no. 4000117151/16/I-LG) and supported by the Belgian Federal Science Policy Office (BELSPO), the Royal Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy (BIRA-IASB) and the German Aerospace Centre (DLR). BIRA-IASB acknowledges national funding from BELSPO and ESA through the ProDEx projects TRACE-S5P (TRACE-S5P project) and TROVA. Part of this work was also carried out in the framework of the S5p Validation Team (S5PVT) AO projects NIDFORVAL (ID no. 28607, PI Gaia Pinardi, Corinne Vigouroux, BIRA-IASB). Multi-sensor HCHO developments have been funded by the EU FP7 QA4ECV project (grant no. 607405), in close cooperation with KNMI, University of Bremen, MPIC-Mainz and WUR. Work by Hitoshi Irie was supported by the Environment Research and Technology Development Fund (JPMEERF20192001 and JPMEERF20215005) of the Environmental Restoration and Conservation Agency of Japan, JSPS KAKENHI (grant numbers JP19H04235 and JP20H04320) and the JAXA 2nd Research Announcement on the Earth Observations (grant number 19RT000351).

Published
2021

3. Aerosol absorption in global models from AeroCom phase III

Author

Harri Kokkola, Bjørn Hallvard Samset, Duncan Watson-Parris, Philippe Le Sager, Dirk Jan Leo Oliviè, Twan van Noije, Jonas Gliß, Kostas Tsigaridis, Alf Kirkevåg, Paul Ginoux, Mian Chin, Maria Sand, Philip Stier, Susanne E. Bauer, Marianne Tronstad Lund, Michael Schulz, Gunnar Myhre, Camilla Weum Stjern, Hitoshi Matsui, Huisheng Bian, Zak Kipling, Svetlana Tsyro, Samuel Remy, Ramiro Checa-Garcia, Toshihiko Takemura, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Maria Sand, Bjørn H. Samset, Gunnar Myhre Camilla W. Stjern, and Marianne T. Lund have been supported by the Research Council of Norway (grantnos. 244141 (NetBC), 315195 (ACCEPT), 250573 (SUPER), and 248834 (QUISARC)). Ramiro Checa-Garcia, Alf Kirkevåg, and Michael Schulz were supported by the European Union Horizon 2020 grant (grant no. 641816, CRESCENDO). Hitoshi Matsui was supported by the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology of Japan and the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (MEXT/JSPS), KAKENHI (grantnos. JP17H04709, JP19H05699, and JP20H00638), the MEXT Arctic Challenge for Sustainability II (ArCS-II) project (grant no. JPMXD1420318865), and the Environment Research and Technology Development Fund 2–2003 (grant no. JPMEERF20202003) of the Environmental Restoration and Conservation Agency. Toshihiko Takemura was supported by the NEC SX supercomputer system of the National Institute for Environmental Studies, Japan, the Environment Research and Technology Development Fund (grant no. JPMEERF20202F01) of the Environmental Restoration and Conservation Agency, Japan, and the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) KAKENHI (grant no. JP19H05669), and Philip Stier acknowledges support from the European Research Council (ERC) project RECAP under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (grant no. 724602). Duncan Watson-Parris and Philippe Le Sager acknowledge support from the UK Natural Environment Research Council (grant nos. NE/P013406/1 (A-CURE) and NE/S005390/1 (ACRUISE)), and from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme iMIRACLI under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie (grant no. 860100). Michael Schulz, Alf Kirkevåg, and Dirk J. L. Olivié acknowledge funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation programme, project FORCeS (grant no. 821205), by the Research Council of Norway INES (grant no. 270061), and KeyClim (grant no. 295046). The AeroCom database is maintained by the computing infrastructure efforts provided by the Norwegian Meteorological Institute.

Subjects
[SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, 0303 health sciences, Atmospheric Science, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Physics, QC1-999, Lapse rate, Mineral dust, Atmospheric sciences, 01 natural sciences, Standard deviation, Aerosol, Chemistry, 03 medical and health sciences, 13. Climate action, Environmental science, Shortwave radiation, Precipitation, Mass attenuation coefficient, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, Absorption (electromagnetic radiation), QD1-999, 030304 developmental biology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract

Aerosol-induced absorption of shortwave radiation can modify the climate through local atmospheric heating, which affects lapse rates, precipitation, and cloud formation. Presently, the total amount of aerosol absorption is poorly constrained, and the main absorbing aerosol species (black carbon (BC), organic aerosols (OA), and mineral dust) are diversely quantified in global climate models. As part of the third phase of the Aerosol Comparisons between Observations and Models (AeroCom) intercomparison initiative (AeroCom phase III), we here document the distribution and magnitude of aerosol absorption in current global aerosol models and quantify the sources of intermodel spread, highlighting the difficulties of attributing absorption to different species. In total, 15 models have provided total present-day absorption at 550 nm (using year 2010 emissions), 11 of which have provided absorption per absorbing species. The multi-model global annual mean total absorption aerosol optical depth (AAOD) is 0.0054 (0.0020 to 0.0098; 550 nm), with the range given as the minimum and maximum model values. This is 28 % higher compared to the 0.0042 (0.0021 to 0.0076) multi-model mean in AeroCom phase II (using year 2000 emissions), but the difference is within 1 standard deviation, which, in this study, is 0.0023 (0.0019 in Phase II). Of the summed component AAOD, 60 % (range 36 %–84 %) is estimated to be due to BC, 31 % (12 %–49 %) is due to dust, and 11 % (0 %–24 %) is due to OA; however, the components are not independent in terms of their absorbing efficiency. In models with internal mixtures of absorbing aerosols, a major challenge is the lack of a common and simple method to attribute absorption to the different absorbing species. Therefore, when possible, the models with internally mixed aerosols in the present study have performed simulations using the same method for estimating absorption due to BC, OA, and dust, namely by removing it and comparing runs with and without the absorbing species. We discuss the challenges of attributing absorption to different species; we compare burden, refractive indices, and density; and we contrast models with internal mixing to models with external mixing. The model mean BC mass absorption coefficient (MAC) value is 10.1 (3.1 to 17.7) m2 g−1 (550 nm), and the model mean BC AAOD is 0.0030 (0.0007 to 0.0077). The difference in lifetime (and burden) in the models explains as much of the BC AAOD spread as the difference in BC MAC values. The difference in the spectral dependency between the models is striking. Several models have an absorption Ångstrøm exponent (AAE) close to 1, which likely is too low given current knowledge of spectral aerosol optical properties. Most models do not account for brown carbon and underestimate the spectral dependency for OA.

Published
2021

4. No robust evidence of future changes in major stratospheric sudden warmings: a multi-model assessment from CCMI

Author

B. Ayarzagüena, L. M. Polvani, U. Langematz, H. Akiyoshi, S. Bekki, N. Butchart, M. Dameris, M. Deushi, S. C. Hardiman, P. Jöckel, A. Klekociuk, M. Marchand, M. Michou, O. Morgenstern, F. M. O'Connor, L. D. Oman, D. A. Plummer, L. Revell, E. Rozanov, D. Saint-Martin, J. Scinocca, A. Stenke, K. Stone, Y. Yamashita, K. Yoshida, G. Zeng, Departamento Fisica de la Tierra, Astronomía y Astrofísica [Madrid], Universidad Complutense de Madrid = Complutense University of Madrid [Madrid] (UCM), Instituto de Geociencias [Madrid] (IGEO), Universidad Complutense de Madrid = Complutense University of Madrid [Madrid] (UCM)-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), Columbia University [New York], Freie Universität Berlin, National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES), STRATO - LATMOS, Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), Met Office Hadley Centre for Climate Change (MOHC), United Kingdom Met Office [Exeter], DLR Institut für Physik der Atmosphäre (IPA), Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt [Oberpfaffenhofen-Wessling] (DLR), Meteorological Research Institute [Tsukuba] (MRI), Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA), Australian Antarctic Division (AAD), Australian Government, Department of the Environment and Energy, Antarctic Climate and Ecosystems Cooperative Research Centre (ACE-CRC), Centre national de recherches météorologiques (CNRM), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Météo France-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research [Wellington] (NIWA), NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), Environment and Climate Change Canada, Institute for Atmospheric and Climate Science [Zürich] (IAC), Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology [Zürich] (ETH Zürich), Bodeker Scientific, Physikalisch-Meteorologisches Observatorium Davos/World Radiation Center (PMOD/WRC), Canadian Centre for Climate Modelling and Analysis (CCCma), School of Earth Sciences [Melbourne], Faculty of Science [Melbourne], University of Melbourne-University of Melbourne, ARC Centre of Excellence for Climate System Science, University of New South Wales [Sydney] (UNSW)-Australian Research Council [Canberra] (ARC), Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC), European Commission, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, German Research Foundation, National Science Foundation (US), Ministry of Business, Innovation, and Employment (New Zealand), Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Deep South National Science Challenge (New Zealand), German Climate Computing Center, Federal Ministry of Education and Research (Germany), Ministry of Environment (Japan), Environmental Restoration and Conservation Agency (Japan), Ayarzagüena, Blanca, Polvani, Lorenzo M., Akiyoshi, Hideharu, Bekki, Slimane, Jöckel, Patrick, Morgenstern, Olaf, Revell, Laura, Saint-Martin, David, Stenke, Andrea, Stone, Kane, Yamashita, Yousuke, Yoshida, Kohei, Zeng, Guang, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC)-Universidad Complutense de Madrid = Complutense University of Madrid [Madrid] (UCM), Ayarzagüena, Blanca [0000-0003-3959-5673], Polvani, Lorenzo M. [0000-0003-4775-8110], Akiyoshi, Hideharu [0000-0001-6463-9004], Bekki, Slimane [0000-0002-5538-0800], Jöckel, Patrick [0000-0002-8964-1394], Morgenstern, Olaf [0000-0002-9967-9740], Revell, Laura [0000-0002-8974-7703], Saint-Martin, David [0000-0002-8478-6914], Stenke, Andrea [0000-0002-5916-4013], Stone, Kane [0000-0002-2721-8785], Yamashita, Yousuke [0000-0002-6813-4668], Yoshida, Kohei [0000-0002-2422-5584], Zeng, Guang [0000-0002-9356-5021], Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), and Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Atmospheric Science, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Forcing (mathematics), 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Article, Troposphere, lcsh:Chemistry, MESSy, multi-model, Erdsystem-Modellierung, stratospheric dynamics, Stratosphere, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-AO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics [physics.ao-ph], EMAC, Polar night, stratospheric warming, lcsh:QC1-999, The arctic, Arctic, lcsh:QD1-999, 13. Climate action, CCMI, Climatology, stratosphere, Environmental science, ESCiMo, stratospheric sudden warming, Chemistry-Climate Model Initiative, lcsh:Physics
Abstract

Major mid-winter stratospheric sudden warmings (SSWs) are the largest instance of wintertime variability in the Arctic stratosphere. Because SSWs are able to cause significant surface weather anomalies on intra-seasonal timescales, several previous studies have focused on their potential future change, as might be induced by anthropogenic forcings. However, a wide range of results have been reported, from a future increase in the frequency of SSWs to an actual decrease. Several factors might explain these contradictory results, notably the use of different metrics for the identification of SSWs and the impact of large climatological biases in single-model studies. To bring some clarity, we here revisit the question of future SSW changes, using an identical set of metrics applied consistently across 12 different models participating in the Chemistry–Climate Model Initiative. Our analysis reveals that no statistically significant change in the frequency of SSWs will occur over the 21st century, irrespective of the metric used for the identification of the event. Changes in other SSW characteristics – such as their duration, deceleration of the polar night jet, and the tropospheric forcing – are also assessed: again, we find no evidence of future changes over the 21st century., Blanca Ayarzagüena was funded by the European Project 603557-STRATOCLIM under the FP7-ENV.2013.6.1-2 programme and “Ayudas para la contratación de personal postdoctoral en formación en docencia e investigación en departamentos de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid”. Blanca Ayarzagüena and Ulrike Langematz wish to acknowledge the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) within the research programme SHARP under the grant LA 1025/15-1. Lorenzo M. Polvani is grateful for the continued support of the US National Science Foundation. The work of Neal Butchart, Steven C. Hardiman, and Fiona M. O'Connor was supported by the Joint BEIS/Defra Met Office Hadley Centre Climate Programme (GA01101). Neal Butchart and Steven C. Hardiman were supported by the European Community within the StratoClim project (grant 603557). Olaf Morgenstern and Guang Zeng acknowledge the UK Met Office for use of the Met Office Unified Model (MetUM). This research was supported by the New Zealand Government's Strategic Science Investment Fund (SSIF) through the NIWA programme CACV. Olaf Morgenstern acknowledges funding by the New Zealand Royal Society Marsden Fund (grant 12-NIW-006) and by the Deep South National Science Challenge (http://www.deepsouthchallenge.co.nz, last access: 21 March 2018). The authors wish to acknowledge the contribution of New Zealand eScience Infrastructure (NeSI) high-performance computing (HPC) facilities to the results of this research. New Zealand's national facilities are provided by NeSI and funded jointly by NeSI's collaborator institutions and through the Ministry of Business, Innovation & Employment's Research Infrastructure programme (https://www.nesi.org.nz, last access: 21 March 2018). The EMAC simulations were performed at the German Climate Computing Centre (DKRZ) through support from the Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung (BMBF). DKRZ and its Scientific Steering Committee are gratefully acknowledged for providing the HPC and data archiving resources for the consortial project ESCiMo (Earth System Chemistry integrated Modelling). CCSRNIES's research was supported by the Environment Research and Technology Development Funds of the Ministry of the Environment (2-1303) and Environment Restoration and Conservation Agency (2-1709), Japan, and computations were performed on NEC-SX9/A(ECO) and NEC SX-ACE computers at the Center for Global Environmental Research, NIES. The authors wish to thank two anonymous referees for their helpful comments.

Published
2018

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