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Objective: To investigate sleep disturbances and circadian timing changes on functional and physiological correlates specifically in collegiate athletes., Design: Scoping Review., Data Sources: PubMed MEDLINE, SPORT-Discus, CINAHL, ERIC ProQuest, Web of Science., Eligibility Criteria: Articles in English, studying college athletes 18-24 years old, employing a sleep measurement, and a comparison measure of cognitive, academic performance, athletic performance, injury rate, biomarkers and physiological measures, or imaging., Results: Thirty articles met inclusion criteria. There was wide range of study design, sport studied, modality used to measure sleep, frequency of sleep measurements, and functional and physiological outcomes across studies. Sleep measurements varied greatly in frequency of data collection and type of measurement tool, with the majority using a sleep questionnaire. While all variables of interest were represented within the review, most had a focus on cognitive performance, athletic performance, or injury rate as a function of sleep. Studies using biomarkers and physiological measures or imaging were largely underrepresented. Few studies used biomarkers and physiological measures, and one study used imaging measures. Most studies in this review reported negative cognitive and academic outcomes with worse sleep quality and quantity., Conclusions: Sleep is critical to maintaining optimal health and collegiate athletes represent a unique population given their unique time constraints, stresses, and sleep behaviors. Findings on athletic performance and injury rate as a function of sleep were mixed. Employing standardized objective methodologies in future work will allow for better understanding of the influence of sleep on the overall well-being and performance of college athletes., (Copyright © 2021 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

This candidate gene study evaluated the relationship of a past history of concussion with single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in nine genes in a small cohort (N = 87) of a nationally ranked Division I football team. Genes and SNPs studied were selected based on their published connection to brain injury and brain development, as well as impulsivity. We used multinomial logistic regression analysis (MLRA) to quantify how well genotype predicted the number of previously diagnosed concussions (three categories: none, one, two or more), while covarying race and number of years participating in football. The rs4504469 SNP for KIAA0319 was the only locus that significantly predicted number of previously diagnosed concussions (p = 0.005, meeting Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons). The KIAA0319 results raise the hypothesis that having the CT or TT genotype of KIAA0319 may be predictive of a lower incidence of previously diagnosed concussion. This finding raises a number of hypotheses for future pre-clinical research, particularly whether alterations in neural organization related to KIAA0319 rs4504469 lead to reduced susceptibility for lasting head trauma, or greater resilience in the face of repeated subconcussive injury.

Hip pain is a relatively common complaint in sports. It is tempting to blame the athlete's symptoms on labral pathology. However, there is a high incidence of asymptomatic labral disease. Therefore, even when a labral tear is present, it may not be the underlying cause of the patient's pain. Clinicians should familiarize themselves with the large differential diagnosis for hip and pelvis pain to include nonmusculoskeletal pathology. This article reviews nonlabral causes of hip pain in athletes. For ease of classification, the hip is divided into anterior, lateral, and posterior regions.