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This study aimed to investigate the consistency of attacking tactical and technical behaviour, and physical characteristics, over multiple bouts, and variability across days, of a specific rugby union forwards small-sided game (SSG). Data was collected from 21 professional rugby union forwards during four training sessions. The SSG, consisting of five bouts of work (150-s) interspersed by passive recovery (75-s), aimed to elicit specific attacking tactical behaviour. Tactical behaviour (i.e., regularity of attacking shape [entropy]), and technical (e.g., passes) and physical (e.g., total distance) characteristics were quantified. Results showed that technical characteristics remained consistent, whereas the regularity of width of the attacking shape and two physical characteristics (i.e., total distance, training impulse) varied across bouts. However, these effects had limited practical significance. Technical characteristics were consistent across days, but minimal variability was observed for tactical behaviour and physical characteristics, as shown by their small random effects with 95% profile likelihood confidence intervals (PLCI) including zero (e.g., SD[95%PLCI] = 0.03[0.00, 0.06]). Consequently, consistency of stimulus over bouts and days is achievable for the majority of the variables investigated, thus supporting the use of SSG to elicit consistent attacking behaviour, but also technical and physical characteristics in rugby union forwards. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Small-sided games is a commonly used training method to develop technical, tactical and physical qualities concurrently. However, a review of small-sided games in rugby football codes (e.g. rugby union, rugby league) is not available. This systematic review aims to investigate the acute responses and chronic adaptations of small-sided games within rugby football codes considering the constraints applied. Four electronical databases were systematically searched until August 2020. Acute and chronic studies investigating rugby football codes small-sided games, with healthy amateur and professional athletes were included. Twenty studies were eventually included: 4 acute and 1 chronic in rugby union, 13 acute and 2 chronic in rugby league. Acute studies investigated task and individual constraints. Chronic studies showed that small-sided games would be an effective training method to improve physical performance. Current research in rugby football codes is heavily biased towards investigating how manipulating constraints can affect the physical characteristics of small-sided games, with limited literature investigating the effect on technical skills, and no studies investigating tactical behaviour. Future research is needed to evidence the effects of constraint manipulation on technical and tactical behaviour of rugby football players in small-sided games, in addition to physical characteristics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In Australian Football (AF), small-sided games (SSGs) are used extensively to replicate particular technical, tactical or physiological responses. Whilst research on SSGs has been extensive in soccer, in AF it has been limited to agility demands and exploring the effect of field dimensions on technical skill (i.e., handballing) and physical responses of senior athletes. Therefore, this study investigated the effect of four different SSG player number conditions (5v5, 5v6, 6v6, 7v7) on the technical (e.g., kicking) and physical (i.e., odometer, m-min−1, max velocity and percentage of high intensity running) performance outcomes in 22 sub-elite youth AF players. Particular constraints were applied to the SSG to ensure the focus was on kicking (i.e., after each handball a kick must be performed). The results of this study demonstrate when more technical events are required under more pressured situations (i.e., physical and time) the 5v6 condition appears to be most appropriate. However, when the focus is on kicking to a contested possession (i.e., kicking to leading or covered players) balanced player numbers (e.g., 6v6) would appear optimal. Alternatively, when the SSG focus is on increasing physiological demands (i.e., m.min−1) lower player density conditions (i.e., 5v5) appear more suitable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In Australian Football (AF), small sided games have been used extensively as an alternative training method for technical and physical adaptations. Considering their application to AF, it is surprising a valid and reliable small-sided game kicking assessment remains absent. Therefore, the aim of this study was to develop a valid and reliable 5v6 Australian football small-sided game kicking proficiency assessment. Youth male AF players (n = 145) from different stages within the AF talent pathway were recruited. Validity (i.e., logical and construct) and reliability (i.e., test re-test) were assessed. The largest kicking proficiency difference was between U13 and U16 players and between novice and sub-elite players. Between the ages of U16 and U18 kicking proficiency appears to stabilise. The Australian football small-sided kicking assessment was 97% successful in identifying players as either novice or sub-elite. Larger physical performance (i.e., odometer, m/min−1 and %HIR) outputs were noted between U14 and U18 players and novice and sub-elite players. Collectively, these findings suggest the Australian football small-sided kicking assessment is a valid and reliable AF kicking proficiency assessment tool and may provide worthwhile information to coaches regarding kicking performance along the AFL pathway, to profile player strengths whilst identifying specific areas of improvement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of small-sided game training (SSGT) versus conventional aerobic interval training (CAIT) on soccer-specific endurance performance, lactate threshold levels (mmol·L-1), short-passing ability and defensive and offensive skills of a soccer match. Before and after a 6-week training intervention period, eighteen amateur soccer players (age 21.8±4.8 years) were tested. The tests included the anaerobic threshold (AnT) test, the Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery Test Level 1 (Yo-Yo IR1), and the Loughborough Soccer Passing Test (LSPT). A manual notational match analysis system was utilized to evaluate the defensive and offensive skills of players during the matches. Both the SSGT and CAIT were performed two days a week and consisted of five sets of 6-minute periods of work at the individualized exercise intensity corresponding to the individual anaerobic threshold, with 3-minute recovery periods between sets. Mann-Whitney U and Wilcoxon signed rank tests were used to examine the between- and within-group differences, respectively. Statistical analyses revealed that the SSGT group players exhibited significantly better in terms of the LSPT scores (p<.01) and the number of defensive and offensive skills (p<.05). However, no other significant differences in the other variables were observed (p>.05). The results of the study suggested that SSGT improved short-passing ability, various soccer skills and physiological parameters, while CAIT only improved physiological parameters. SSGT improves soccer-specific endurance and technical ability of players at the same time, meaning it is a time efficient way of training. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]