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Results from the most extensive study of the time-evolving dust structure around the prototype "Pinwheel" nebula WR 104 are presented. Encompassing 11 epochs in three near-infrared filter bandpasses, a homogeneous imaging data set spanning more than 6 years (or 10 orbits) is presented. Data were obtained from the highly successful Keck Aperture Masking Experiment, which can recover high fidelity images at extremely high angular resolutions, revealing the geometry of the plume with unprecedented precision. Inferred properties for the (unresolved) underlying binary and wind system are orbital period 241.5 +/- 0.5 days and angular outflow velocity of 0.28 +/- 0.02 mas/day. An optically thin cavity of angular size 13.3 +/- 1.4 mas was found to lie between the central binary and the onset of the spiral dust plume. Rotational motion of the wind system induced by the binary orbit is found to have important ramifications: entanglement of the winds results in strong shock activity far downstream from the nose of the bowshock. The far greater fraction of the winds participating in the collision may play a key role in gas compression and the nucleation of dust at large radii from the central binary and shock stagnation point. Investigation of the effects of radiative braking pointed towards significant modifications of the simple hydrostatic colliding wind geometry, extending the relevance of this phenomena to wider binary systems than previously considered. Limits placed on the maximum allowed orbital eccentricity of e < 0.06 argue strongly for a prehistory of tidal circularization in this system. Finally we discuss the implications of Earth's polar (i < 16 deg) vantage point onto a system likely to host supernova explosions at future epochs., Comment: 35 pages, 8 figures, Accepted for publication in Astrophysical Journal

The migration of profile sub-peaks identified in time-monitored optical emission lines of Wolf-Rayet star spectra provides a direct diagnostic of the dynamics of their stellar winds via a measured line-of-sight velocity change per unit time. Inferring the associated wind acceleration scale from such an apparent acceleration then relies on the adopted intrinsic velocity of the wind material at the origin of this variable pattern. We develop radiative transfer tools to characterise the Line Emission Region (LER) of the program lines, including turbulence and line-optical depth effects. We find that monitored-lines can be fitted well with a pure optically thin formation mechanism, line-broadening resulting from the finite velocity extent of the LER rather than turbulence.Our new estimates of LER velocity centroids are systematically shifted outwards closer to terminal velocity compared to previous determinations, now suggesting WR-wind acceleration length scales of ca. 10-20Rsun, a factor of a few smaller than previously inferred. Based on radiation-hydrodynamics simulations of the line-driven-instability mechanism, we compute synthetic line profile variability for CIII5696A, for WR111 The results match well the measured observed migration of 20-30 m/s2, However, our model stellar radius of 19 Rsun, typical of an O-type supergiant, is a factor 2--10 larger than generally expected for WR core radii.Such small radii leave inferred acceleration scales to be more extended than expected from dynamical models of line driving, but the severity of the discrepancy is substantially reduced compared to previous analyses. We conclude with a discussion of how using lines formed deeper in the wind would provide a stronger constraint on the key wind dynamics as well as information on the onset of wind clumping., Comment: 16 pages, 13 figures

This talk summarizes results from recent MHD simulations of the role of a dipole magnetic field in inducing large-scale structure in the line-driven stellar winds of hot, luminous stars. Unlike previous fixed-field analyses, the MHD simulations here take full account of the dynamical competition between the field and the flow. A key result is that the overall degree to which the wind is influenced by the field depends largely on a single, dimensionless `wind magnetic confinement parameter', $\eta_\ast (= B_{eq}^2 R_{\ast}^2/\dot{M} v_\infty$), which characterizes the ratio between magnetic field energy density and kinetic energy density of the wind. For weak confinement, $\eta_\ast \le 1$, the field is fully opened by wind outflow, but nonetheless, for confinement as small as $\eta_\ast=1/10$ it can have significant back-influence in enhancing the density and reducing the flow speed near the magnetic equator. For stronger confinement, $\eta_\ast > 1$, the magnetic field remains closed over limited range of latitude and height above the equatorial surface, but eventually is opened into nearly radial configuration at large radii. Within the closed loops, the flow is channeled toward loop tops into shock collisions that are strong enough to produce hard X-rays. Within the open field region, the equatorial channeling leads to oblique shocks that are again strong enough to produce X-rays and also lead to a thin, dense, slowly outflowing ``disk'' at the magnetic equator., Comment: To be published in the proceedings of International Conference on magnetic fields in O, B and A stars, ASP Conference Series, Vol. 216, 1003, L.A. Balona, H. Henrichs & T. Medupe, eds.; for alternate upload go to: http://wonka.physics.ncsu.edu/~auddoul/publications/udDoula.ps

We summarize recent 2D MHD simulations of line-driven stellar winds from rotating hot-stars with a dipole magnetic field aligned to the star's rotation axis. For moderate to strong fields, much wind outflow is initially along closed magnetic loops that nearly corotate as a solid body with the underlying star, thus providing a torque that results in an effective angular momentum spin-up of the outflowing material. But instead of forming the ``magnetically torqued disk'' (MTD) postulated in previous phenemenological analyses, the dynamical simulations here show that material trapped near the tops of such closed loops tends either to fall back or break out, depending on whether it is below or above the Keplerian corotation radius. Overall the results raise serious questions about whether magnetic torquing of a wind outflow could naturally result in a Keplerian circumstellar disk. However, for very strong fields, it does still seem possible to form a %``magnetically confined, centrifugally supported, rigid-body disk'', centrifugally supported, ``magnetically rigid disk'' (MRD), in which the field not only forces material to maintain a rigid-body rotation, but for some extended period also holds it down against the outward centrifugal force at the loop tops. We argue that such rigid-body disks seem ill-suited to explain the disk emission from Be stars, but could provide a quite attractive paradigm for circumstellar emission from the magnetically strong Bp and Ap stars., Comment: To be published in the proceedings of International Conference on magnetic fields in O, B and A stars, ASP Conference Series, Vol. 216, 1003, L.A. Balona, H. Henrichs & T. Medupe, eds.; for alternate upload go to: http://www.bartol.udel.edu/~owocki/preprints/Owocki-SA.pdf

We carry out an extended analytic study of how the tilt and faster-than-radial expansion from a magnetic field affect the mass flux and flow speed of a line-driven stellar wind. A key motivation is to reconcile results of numerical MHD simulations with previous analyses that had predicted non-spherical expansion would lead to a strong speed enhancement. By including finite-disk correction effects, a dynamically more consistent form for the non-spherical expansion, and a moderate value of the line-driving power index $\alpha$, we infer more modest speed enhancements that are in good quantitative agreement with MHD simulations, and also are more consistent with observational results. Our analysis also explains simulation results that show the latitudinal variation of the surface mass flux scales with the square of the cosine of the local tilt angle between the magnetic field and the radial direction. Finally, we present a perturbation analysis of the effects of a finite gas pressure on the wind mass loss rate and flow speed in both spherical and magnetic wind models, showing that these scale with the ratio of the sound speed to surface escape speed, $a/v_{esc}$, and are typically 10-20% compared to an idealized, zero-gas-pressure model., Comment: Accepted for publication in ApJ, for the full version of the paper go to: http://www.bartol.udel.edu/~owocki/preprints/btiltdiv-mdotvinf.pdf