1. Measurement of the Proton-Air Cross Section at root s=57 TeV with the Pierre Auger Observatory
- Author
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Abreu, P, Aglietta, M, Ahn, E, Albuquerque, I, Allard, D, Allekotte, I, Allen, J, Allison, P, Almeda, A, Alvarez Castillo, J, Alvarez Muniz, J, Ambrosio, M, Aminaei, A, Anchordoqui, L, Andringa, S, Anticic, T, Aramo, C, Arganda, E, Arqueros, F, Asorey, H, Assis, P, Aublin, J, Ave, M, Avenier, M, Avila, G, Backer, T, Balzer, M, Barber, K, Barbosa, A, Bardenet, R, Barroso, S, Baughman, B, Bauml, J, Beatty, J, Becker, B, Becker, K, Belletoile, A, Bellido, J, Benzvi, S, Berat, C, Bertou, X, Biermann, P, Billoir, P, Blanco, F, Blanco, M, Bleve, C, Blumer, H, Bohacova, M, Boncioli, D, Bonifazi, C, Bonino, R, Borodai, N, Brack, J, Brogueira, P, Brown, W, Bruijn, R, Buchholz, P, Bueno, A, Burton, R, Caballero Mora, K, Caramete, L, Caruso, R, Castellina, A, Catalano, O, Cataldi, G, Cazon, L, Cester, R, Chauvin, J, Cheng, S, Chiavassa, A, Chinellato, J, Chirinos Diaz, J, Chudoba, J, Clay, R, Coluccia, M, Conceicao, R, Contreras, F, Cook, H, Cooper, M, Coppens, J, Cordier, A, Coutu, S, Covault, C, Creusot, A, Criss, A, Cronin, J, Curutiu, A, Dagoret Campagne, S, Dallier, R, Dasso, S, Daumiller, K, Dawson, B, De Almeida, R, De Domenico, M, De Donato, C, De Jong, S, De La Vega, G, De Mello Junior, W, De Mello Neto, J, De Mitri, I, De Souza, V, De Vries, K, Decerprit, G, Del Peral, L, Del Rio, M, Deligny, O, Dembinski, H, Dhital, N, Di Giulio, C, Diaz Castro, M, Diep, P, Dobrigkeit, C, Docters, W, D'Olivo, J, Dong, P, Dorofeev, A, Dos Anjos, J, Dova, M, D'Urso, D, Dutan, I, Ebr, J, Engel, R, Erdmann, M, Escobar, C, Espadanal, J, Etchegoyen, A, Facal San Luis, P, Fajardo Tapia, I, Falcke, H, Farrar, G, Fauth, A, Fazzini, N, Ferguson, A, Ferrero, A, Fick, B, Filevich, A, Filipcic, A, Fliescher, S, Fracchiolla, C, Fraenkel, E, Frohlich, U, Fuchs, B, Gaior, R, Gamarra, R, Gambetta, S, Garcia, B, Garcia Gamez, D, Garcia Pinto, D, Gascon, A, Gemmeke, H, Gesterling, K, Ghia, P, Giaccari, U, Giller, M, Glass, H, Gold, M, Golup, G, Gomez Albarracin, F, Gomez Berisso, M, Goncalves, P, Gonzalez, D, Gonzalez, J, Gookin, B, Gora, D, Gorgi, A, Gouffon, P, Gozzini, S, Grashorn, E, Grebe, S, Griffith, N, Grigat, M, Grillo, A, Guardincerri, Y, Guarino, F, Guedes, G, Guzman, A, Hague, J, Hansen, P, Harari, D, Harmsma, S, Harrison, T, Harton, J, Haungs, A, Hebbeker, T, Heck, D, Herve, A, Hojvat, C, Hollon, N, Holmes, V, Homola, P, Horandel, J, Horneffer, A, Horvath, P, Hrabovsky, M, Huege, T, Insolia, A, Ionita, F, Italiano, A, Jarne, C, Jiraskova, S, Josebachuili, M, Kadija, K, Kampert, K, Karhan, P, Kasper, P, Kegl, B, Keilhauer, B, Keivani, A, Kelley, J, Kemp, E, Kieckhafer, R, Klages, H, Kleifges, M, Kleinfeller, J, Knapp, J, Koang, D, Kotera, K, Krohm, N, Kromer, O, Kruppke Hansen, D, Kuehn, F, Kuempel, D, Kulbartz, J, Kunka, N, La Rosa, G, Lachaud, C, Lauer, R, Lautridou, P, Le Coz, S, Leao, M, Lebrun, D, Lebrun, P, Leigui De Oliveira, M, Lemiere, A, Letessier Selvon, A, Lhenry Yvon, I, Link, K, Lopez, R, Lopez Aguera, A, Louedec, K, Lozano Bahilo, J, Lu, L, Lucero, A, Ludwig, M, Lyberis, H, Macolino, C, Maldera, S, Mandat, D, Mantsch, P, Mariazzi, A, Marin, J, Marin, V, Maris, I, Marquez Falcon, H, Marsella, G, Martello, D, Martin, L, Martinez, H, Martinez Bravo, O, Mathes, H, Matthews, J, Matthiae, G, Maurizio, D, Mazur, P, Medina Tanco, G, Melissas, M, Melo, D, Menichetti, E, Menshikov, A, Mertsch, P, Meurer, C, Micanovic, S, Micheletti, M, Miller, W, Miramonti, L, Molina Bueno, L, Mollerach, S, Monasor, M, Monnier Ragaigne, D, Montanet, F, Morales, B, Morello, C, Moreno, E, Moreno, J, Morris, C, Mostafa, M, Moura, C, Mueller, S, Muller, M, Muller, G, Munchmeyer, M, Mussa, R, Navarra, G, Navarro, J, Navas, S, Necesal, P, Nellen, L, Nelles, A, Neuser, J, Nhung, P, Niemietz, L, Nierstenhoefer, N, Nitz, D, Nosek, D, Nozka, L, Nyklicek, M, Oehlschlager, J, Olinto, A, Olmos Gilbaja, V, Ortiz, M, Pacheco, N, Pakk Selmi Dei, D, Palatka, M, Pallotta, J, Palmieri, N, Parente, G, Parizot, E, Parra, A, Parsons, R, Pastor, S, Paul, T, Pech, M, Pkala, J, Pelayo, R, Pepe, I, Perrone, L, Pesce, R, Petermann, E, Petrera, S, Petrinca, P, Petrolini, A, Petrov, Y, Petrovic, J, Pfendner, C, Phan, N, Piegaia, R, Pierog, T, Pieroni, P, Pimenta, M, Pirronello, V, Platino, M, Ponce, V, Pontz, M, Privitera, P, Prouza, M, Quel, E, Querchfeld, S, Rautenberg, J, Ravel, O, Ravignani, D, Revenu, B, Ridky, J, Riggi, S, Risse, M, Ristori, P, Rivera, H, Rizi, V, Roberts, J, Robledo, C, Rodrigues De Carvalho, W, Rodriguez, G, Rodriguez Martino, J, Rodriguez Rojo, J, Rodriguez Cabo, I, Rodriguez Frias, M, Ros, G, Rosado, J, Rossler, T, Roth, M, Rouille D'Orfeuil, B, Roulet, E, Rovero, A, Ruhle, C, Salamida, F, Salazar, H, Salesa Greus, F, Salina, G, Sanchez, F, Santo, C, Santos, E, Sarazin, F, Sarkar, B, Sarkar, S, Sato, R, Scharf, N, Scherini, V, Schieler, H, Schiffer, P, Schmidt, A, Scholten, O, Schoorlemmer, H, Schovancova, J, Schovanek, P, Schroder, F, Schulte, S, Schuster, D, Sciutto, S, Scuderi, M, Segreto, A, Settimo, M, Shadkam, A, Shellard, R, Sidelnik, I, Sigl, G, Silva Lopez, H, Lmialkowski, A, Smida, R, Snow, G, Sommers, P, Sorokin, J, Spinka, H, Squartini, R, Stanic, S, Stapleton, J, Stasielak, J, Stephan, M, Stutz, A, Suarez, F, Suomijarvi, T, Supanitsky, A, Susa, T, Sutherland, M, Swain, J, Szadkowski, Z, Szuba, M, Tamashiro, A, Tapia, A, Tartare, M, Tascau, O, Tavera Ruiz, C, Tcaciuc, R, Tegolo, D, Thao, N, Thomas, D, Tiffenberg, J, Timmermans, C, Tiwari, D, Tkaczyk, W, Todero Peixoto, C, Tome, B, Tonachini, A, Travnicek, P, Tridapalli, D, Tristram, G, Trovato, E, Tueros, M, Ulrich, R, Unger, M, Urban, M, Valdes Galicia, J, Valino, I, Valore, L, Van Den Berg, A, Varela, E, Vargas Cardenas, B, Vazquez, J, Vazquez, R, Veberic, D, Verzi, V, Vicha, J, Videla, M, Villasenor, L, Wahlberg, H, Wahrlich, P, Wainberg, O, Walz, D, Warner, D, Watson, A, Weber, M, Weidenhaupt, K, Weindl, A, Westerhoff, S, Whelan, B, Wieczorek, G, Wiencke, L, Wilczynska, B, Wilczynski, H, Will, M, Williams, C, Winchen, T, Winnick, M, Wommer, M, Wundheiler, B, Yamamoto, T, Yapici, T, Younk, P, Yuan, G, Yushkov, A, Zamorano, B, Zas, E, Zavrtanik, D, Zavrtanik, M, Zaw, I, Zepeda, A, Zhu, Y, Zimbres Silva, M, Ziolkowski, M, Abreu, P., Aglietta, M., Ahn, E., Albuquerque, I., Allard, D., Allekotte, I., Allen, J., Allison, P., Almeda, A., Alvarez Castillo, J., Alvarez-Muñiz, J., Ambrosio, M., Aminaei, A., Anchordoqui, L., Andringa, S., Antičić, T., Aramo, C., Arganda, E., Arqueros, F., Asorey, H., Assis, P., Aublin, J., Ave, M., Avenier, M., Avila, G., Bäcker, T., Balzer, M., Barber, K., Barbosa, A., Bardenet, R., Barroso, S., Baughman, B., Bäuml, J., Beatty, J., Becker, B., Becker, K., Bellétoile, A., Bellido, J., Benzvi, S., Berat, C., Bertou, X., Biermann, P., Billoir, P., Blanco, F., Blanco, M., Bleve, C., Blümer, H., Boháčová, M., Boncioli, D., Bonifazi, C., Bonino, R., Borodai, N., Brack, J., Brogueira, P., Brown, W., Bruijn, R., Buchholz, P., Bueno, A., Burton, R., Caballero-Mora, K., Caramete, L., Caruso, R., Castellina, A., Catalano, O., Cataldi, G., Cazon, L., Cester, R., Chauvin, J., Cheng, S., Chiavassa, A., Chinellato, J., Chirinos Diaz, J., Chudoba, J., Clay, R., Coluccia, M., Conceição, R., Contreras, F., Cook, H., Cooper, M., Coppens, J., Cordier, A., Coutu, S., Covault, C., Creusot, A., Criss, A., Cronin, J., Curutiu, A., Dagoret-Campagne, S., Dallier, R., Dasso, S., Daumiller, K., Dawson, B., De Almeida, R., De Domenico, M., De Donato, C., De Jong, S., De La Vega, G., De Mello Junior, W., De Mello Neto, J., De Mitri, I., De Souza, V., De Vries, K., Decerprit, G., Del Peral, L., Del Río, M., Deligny, O., Dembinski, H., Dhital, N., Di Giulio, C., Díaz Castro, M., Diep, P., Dobrigkeit, C., Docters, W., D'Olivo, J., Dong, P., Dorofeev, A., Dos Anjos, J., Dova, M., D'Urso, D., Dutan, I., Ebr, J., Engel, R., Erdmann, M., Escobar, C., Espadanal, J., Etchegoyen, A., Facal San Luis, P., Fajardo Tapia, I., Falcke, H., Farrar, G., Fauth, A., Fazzini, N., Ferguson, A., Ferrero, A., Fick, B., Filevich, A., Filipčič, A., Fliescher, S., Fracchiolla, C., Fraenkel, E., Fröhlich, U., Fuchs, B., Gaior, R., Gamarra, R., Gambetta, S., García, B., Garcia-Gamez, D., Garcia-Pinto, D., Gascon, A., Gemmeke, H., Gesterling, K., Ghia, P., Giaccari, U., Giller, M., Glass, H., Gold, M., Golup, G., Gomez Albarracin, F., Gómez Berisso, M., Gonçalves, P., Gonzalez, D., Gonzalez, J., Gookin, B., Góra, D., Gorgi, A., Gouffon, P., Gozzini, S., Grashorn, E., Grebe, S., Griffith, N., Grigat, M., Grillo, A., Guardincerri, Y., Guarino, F., Guedes, G., Guzman, A., Hague, J., Hansen, P., Harari, D., Harmsma, S., Harrison, T., Harton, J., Haungs, A., Hebbeker, T., Heck, D., Herve, A., Hojvat, C., Hollon, N., Holmes, V., Homola, P., Hörandel, J., Horneffer, A., Horvath, P., Hrabovský, M., Huege, T., Insolia, A., Ionita, F., Italiano, A., Jarne, C., Jiraskova, S., Josebachuili, M., Kadija, K., Kampert, K., Karhan, P., Kasper, P., Kégl, B., Keilhauer, B., Keivani, A., Kelley, J., Kemp, E., Kieckhafer, R., Klages, H., Kleifges, M., Kleinfeller, J., Knapp, J., Koang, D., Kotera, K., Krohm, N., Krömer, O., Kruppke-Hansen, D., Kuehn, F., Kuempel, D., Kulbartz, J., Kunka, N., La Rosa, G., Lachaud, C., Lauer, R., Lautridou, P., Le Coz, S., Leão, M., Lebrun, D., Lebrun, P., Leigui De Oliveira, M., Lemiere, A., Letessier-Selvon, A., Lhenry-Yvon, I., Link, K., López, R., Lopez Agüera, A., Louedec, K., Lozano Bahilo, J., Lu, L., Lucero, A., Ludwig, M., Lyberis, H., Macolino, C., Maldera, S., Mandat, D., Mantsch, P., Mariazzi, A., Marin, J., Marin, V., Maris, I., Marquez Falcon, H., Marsella, G., Martello, D., Martin, L., Martinez, H., Martínez Bravo, O., Mathes, H., Matthews, J., Matthiae, G., Maurizio, D., Mazur, P., Medina-Tanco, G., Melissas, M., Melo, D., Menichetti, E., Menshikov, A., Mertsch, P., Meurer, C., Mićanović, S., Micheletti, M., Miller, W., Miramonti, L., Molina-Bueno, L., Mollerach, S., Monasor, M., Monnier Ragaigne, D., Montanet, F., Morales, B., Morello, C., Moreno, E., Moreno, J., Morris, C., Mostafá, M., Moura, C., Mueller, S., Muller, M., Müller, G., Münchmeyer, M., Mussa, R., Navarra, G., Navarro, J., Navas, S., Necesal, P., Nellen, L., Nelles, A., Neuser, J., Nhung, P., Niemietz, L., Nierstenhoefer, N., Nitz, D., Nosek, D., Nožka, L., Nyklicek, M., Oehlschläger, J., Olinto, A., Olmos-Gilbaja, V., Ortiz, M., Pacheco, N., Pakk Selmi-Dei, D., Palatka, M., Pallotta, J., Palmieri, N., Parente, G., Parizot, E., Parra, A., Parsons, R., Pastor, S., Paul, T., Pech, M., Pkala, J., Pelayo, R., Pepe, I., Perrone, L., Pesce, R., Petermann, E., Petrera, S., Petrinca, P., Petrolini, A., Petrov, Y., Petrovic, J., Pfendner, C., Phan, N., Piegaia, R., Pierog, T., Pieroni, P., Pimenta, M., Pirronello, V., Platino, M., Ponce, V., Pontz, M., Privitera, P., Prouza, M., Quel, E., Querchfeld, S., Rautenberg, J., Ravel, O., Ravignani, D., Revenu, B., Ridky, J., Riggi, S., Risse, M., Ristori, P., Rivera, H., Rizi, V., Roberts, J., Robledo, C., Rodrigues De Carvalho, W., Rodriguez, G., Rodriguez Martino, J., Rodriguez Rojo, J., Rodriguez-Cabo, I., Rodríguez-Frías, M., Ros, G., Rosado, J., Rossler, T., Roth, M., Rouillé-D'Orfeuil, B., Roulet, E., Rovero, A., Rühle, C., Salamida, F., Salazar, H., Salesa Greus, F., Salina, G., Sánchez, F., Santo, C., Santos, E., Sarazin, F., Sarkar, B., Sarkar, S., Sato, R., Scharf, N., Scherini, V., Schieler, H., Schiffer, P., Schmidt, A., Scholten, O., Schoorlemmer, H., Schovancova, J., Schovánek, P., Schröder, F., Schulte, S., Schuster, D., Sciutto, S., Scuderi, M., Segreto, A., Settimo, M., Shadkam, A., Shellard, R., Sidelnik, I., Sigl, G., Silva Lopez, H., Łmiałkowski, A., Šmída, R., Snow, G., Sommers, P., Sorokin, J., Spinka, H., Squartini, R., Stanic, S., Stapleton, J., Stasielak, J., Stephan, M., Stutz, A., Suarez, F., Suomijärvi, T., Supanitsky, A., Šuša, T., Sutherland, M., Swain, J., Szadkowski, Z., Szuba, M., Tamashiro, A., Tapia, A., Tartare, M., Taşcǎu, O., Tavera Ruiz, C., Tcaciuc, R., Tegolo, D., Thao, N., Thomas, D., Tiffenberg, J., Timmermans, C., Tiwari, D., Tkaczyk, W., Todero Peixoto, C., Tomé, B., Tonachini, A., Travnicek, P., Tridapalli, D., Tristram, G., Trovato, E., Tueros, M., Ulrich, R., Unger, M., Urban, M., Valdés Galicia, J., Valiño, I., Valore, L., Van Den Berg, A., Varela, E., Vargas Cárdenas, B., Vázquez, J., Vázquez, R., Veberič, D., Verzi, V., Vicha, J., Videla, M., Villaseñor, L., Wahlberg, H., Wahrlich, P., Wainberg, O., Walz, D., Warner, D., Watson, A., Weber, M., Weidenhaupt, K., Weindl, A., Westerhoff, S., Whelan, B., Wieczorek, G., Wiencke, L., Wilczyńska, B., Wilczyński, H., Will, M., Williams, C., Winchen, T., Winnick, M., Wommer, M., Wundheiler, B., Yamamoto, T., Yapici, T., Younk, P., Yuan, G., Yushkov, A., Zamorano, B., Zas, E., Zavrtanik, D., Zavrtanik, M., Zaw, I., Zepeda, A., Zhu, Y., Zimbres Silva, M., and Ziolkowski, M.
- Subjects
Physics and Astronomy (all) ,Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena ,Settore FIS/01 - Fisica Sperimentale ,Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics ,High Energy Physics::Experiment ,Nuclear Experiment - Abstract
We report a measurement of the proton-air cross section for particle production at the center-of-mass energy per nucleon of 57 TeV. This is derived from the distribution of the depths of shower maxima observed with the Pierre Auger Observatory: systematic uncertainties are studied in detail. Analyzing the tail of the distribution of the shower maxima, a proton-air cross section of [505±22(stat)-36+28(syst)]mb is found. © 2012 American Physical Society.
- Published
- 2012