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20 results on '"Y. Q. Lou"'

1. First Detection of sub-PeV Diffuse Gamma Rays from the Galactic Disk: Evidence for Ubiquitous Galactic Cosmic Rays beyond PeV Energies

Author

Takashi Sako, X. R. Meng, X. L. Qian, Zhaoyang Feng, K. Kawata, Zicai Yang, L. Xue, Haibing Hu, Hong-peng Lu, Yu-Lei Chen, N. Tateyama, Harufumi Tsuchiya, Z. T. He, X. Y. Zhang, Minghui Liu, msub, W. J. Li, Y. Zhang, T. L. Chen, M. Amenomori, W. Y. Chen, A. Shiomi, K. Fang, M. Sakata, M. Shibata, Gui-Ming Le, H. M. Zhang, X. X. Zhou, Qi Gao, A. F. Yuan, M. Ohnishi, S. Ozawa, H. Sugimoto, Masaki Nishizawa, Y. H. Lin, Cirennima, S. Udo, mrow, T. Ohura, L. K. Ding, C. F. Feng, L. M. Zhai, Ang Li, X. J. Bi, Y. Ko, L. L. Jiang, Yongjun Bao, Y. Nakamura, Z. Y. Feng, H. B. Hu, H. Y. Jia, Masayoshi Kozai, Yang Guo, H. B. Jin, Jian Huang, Jia Zhang, Labaciren, Shoji Torii, Y. Q. Guo, Y. H. Tan, Zhaxisangzhu, Y. Yokoe, Huaguang Wang, H. J. Li, Donghong Chen, Y. Q. Lou, H. R. Wu, H. H. He, Shi-Ping Zhao, Q. B. Gou, Masato Takita, Chihiro Kato, K. Hibino, mrow> γ, Yi Zhang, J. Fang, C. X. Liu, J. S. Liu, Wenwei Liu, Y. Yamamoto, H. Nakada, H. Nanjo, Ying Zhang, S. W. Cui, X. B. Qu, B. Liu, W. Kihara, J. Shao, To. Saito, Danzengluobu, Katsuaki Kasahara, Y. Katayose, Xu Chen, Shigeaki Kato, Xiang Zhang, N. Hotta, Kazuoki Munakata, and W. Takano

Subjects
High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), Physics, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Hadron, Gamma ray, FOS: Physical sciences, General Physics and Astronomy, Cosmic ray, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, Galaxy, Interstellar medium, 0103 physical sciences, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Disc, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, 010306 general physics, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics
Abstract

We report, for the first time, the long-awaited detection of diffuse gamma rays with energies between 100 TeV and 1 PeV in the Galactic disk. Particularly, all gamma rays above 398 TeV are observed apart from known TeV gamma-ray sources and compatible with expectations from the hadronic emission scenario in which gamma rays originate from the decay of $\pi^0$'s produced through the interaction of protons with the interstellar medium in the Galaxy. This is strong evidence that cosmic rays are accelerated beyond PeV energies in our Galaxy and spread over the Galactic disk., Comment: Accepted for publication in the Physical Review Letters

Published
2021

2. Gamma-Ray Observation of the Cygnus Region in the 100-TeV Energy Region

Author

Lihe Qian, H. H. He, Shi-Ping Zhao, Jia Zhang, J. Fang, Xi Liu, Yun-Hui Li, Donghong Chen, Y. Yamamoto, Q. Wu, J. S. Liu, mrow, H. M. Zhang, W. Takano, Wangdui, T. Ohura, X. X. Zhou, Takashi Sako, Ang Li, H. Sugimoto, L. K. Ding, H. Nakada, Z. Y. Feng, Huaguang Wang, Y. Yokoe, S. Ozawa, T. K. Sako, J. H. Yin, A. F. Yuan, H. Nanjo, N. P. Yu, X. L. Qian, Z. T. He, Kun Fang, Shoji Torii, C. C. Ning, M. Sakata, X. B. Qu, Peng Jiang, Y. H. Lin, T. L. Chen, X. R. Meng, Jian Huang, Gui-Ming Le, Y. P. Wang, Zhaxisangzhu, mrow> γ, Yu-Lei Chen, Yi Zhang, Zhaoyang Feng, Yongjun Bao, D. Kurashige, S. Okukawa, Chihiro Kato, L. Xue, Xiao-Feng Qian, Jun Xu, W. Y. Chen, Labaciren, Y. Q. Guo, H. B. Hu, Haibing Hu, Zicai Yang, Hong-peng Lu, N. Hotta, C. X. Liu, Wenwei Liu, H. J. Li, Y. Q. Lou, H. R. Wu, X. Y. Zhang, Minghui Liu, Masayoshi Kozai, msub, W. J. Li, Q. B. Gou, Y. Zhang, Masato Takita, A. Shiomi, M. Ohnishi, M. Shibata, N. Tateyama, Cirennima, Y. H. Tan, K. Kawata, S. Udo, M. Amenomori, H. B. Jin, Liyu Liu, Harufumi Tsuchiya, Masaki Nishizawa, Chuang Zhang, A. Gomi, C. F. Feng, Kazuoki Munakata, X. J. Bi, Ying Zhang, L. L. Jiang, S. W. Cui, Qi Gao, L. M. Zhai, Yang Guo, K. Hibino, B. Liu, Danzengluobu, Y. Q. Yao, J. Shao, H. Y. Jia, Y. Katayose, Shigeaki Kato, To. Saito, Katsuaki Kasahara, Xu Chen, Y. Nakazawa, Yoshimichi Nakamura, and Xiang Zhang

Subjects
High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), Physics, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Gamma ray, FOS: Physical sciences, General Physics and Astronomy, Centroid, Astrophysics, Pulsar wind nebula, Galaxy, Particle acceleration, Pulsar, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, Energy (signal processing)
Abstract

We report observations of gamma-ray emissions with energies in the 100 TeV energy region from the Cygnus region in our Galaxy. Two sources are significantly detected in the directions of the Cygnus OB1 and OB2 associations. Based on their positional coincidences, we associate one with a pulsar PSR J2032+4127 and the other mainly with a pulsar wind nebula PWN G75.2+0.1 with the pulsar moving away from its original birthplace situated around the centroid of the observed gamma-ray emission. This work would stimulate further studies of particle acceleration mechanisms at these gamma-ray sources., Accepted for publication in the Physical Review Letters

Published
2021

3. Potential PeVatron supernova remnant G106.3+2.7 seen in the highest-energy gamma rays

Author

Yu-Lei Chen, Y. Yamamoto, N. Hotta, X. L. Qian, Hsiao-Chi Lu, Jian Huang, J. Shao, M. Shibata, H. Nakada, Masaki Nishizawa, X. J. Bi, M. Takita, Yi Zhang, Q. B. Gou, C. F. Feng, Y. Ko, L. Xue, Xu Chen, Yongjun Bao, J. S. Liu, L. L. Jiang, Kun Fang, Zicai Yang, Huaguang Wang, T. Ohura, Kazuoki Munakata, L. K. Ding, Haibing Hu, K. Kasahara, W. J. Li, Y. Yokoe, W. Takano, W. Kihara, Xuan Zhang, Labaciren, H. H. He, K. Kawata, Ying Zhang, Z. Y. Feng, B. Liu, Shi-Ping Zhao, W. Y. Chen, S. Ozawa, Jia Zhang, S. Torii, Y. Zhang, H. Nanjo, S. W. Cui, Takeshi Saito, J. Fang, A. Shiomi, Donghong Chen, Qi Gao, M. Amenomori, L. M. Zhai, Yang Guo, H. M. Zhang, X. X. Zhou, Z. T. He, H. Sugimoto, Danzengluobu, Y. H. Tan, Y. Q. Guo, T. L. Chen, Chihiro Kato, H. Y. Jia, H. J. Li, Y. Q. Lou, H. R. Wu, H. B. Jin, C. X. Liu, Wenwei Liu, M. Ohnishi, A. F. Yuan, Cirennima, S. Udo, Y. Katayose, Shigeaki Kato, Y. Nakamura, N. Tateyama, Harufumi Tsuchiya, M. Sakata, Gui-Ming Le, H. B. Hu, Masayoshi Kozai, Y. H. Lin, K. Hibino, Ang Li, X. B. Qu, X. R. Meng, Zhaoyang Feng, Zhaxisangzhu, T. K. Sako, X. Y. Zhang, and Minghui Liu

Subjects
Physics, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Gamma ray, FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Cosmic ray, Astrophysics, Electron, Synchrotron, law.invention, Particle acceleration, Pulsar, law, Atomic nucleus, Physics::Accelerator Physics, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Supernova remnant, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract

Cosmic rays (protons and other atomic nuclei) are believed to gain energies of petaelectronvolts (PeV) and beyond at astrophysical particle accelerators called 'PeVatrons' inside our Galaxy. Although a characteristic feature of a PeVatron is expected to be a hard gamma-ray energy spectrum that extends beyond 100 teraelectronvolts (TeV) without a cutoff, none of the currently known sources exhibits such a spectrum due to the low maximum energy of accelerated cosmic rays or insufficient detector sensitivity around 100 TeV. Here we report the observation of gamma-ray emission from the supernova remnant G106.3+2.7 above 10 TeV. This work provides flux data points up to and above 100 TeV and indicates that the very-high-energy gamma-ray emission above 10 TeV is well correlated with a molecular cloud rather than the pulsar PSR J2229+6114. Regarding the gamma-ray emission mechanism of G106.3+2.7, this morphological feature appears to favor a hadronic origin via the {\pi}0 decay caused by accelerated relativistic protons over a leptonic one via the inverse-Compton scattering by relativistic electrons. Furthermore, we point out that an X-ray flux upper limit on the synchrotron spectrum would provide important information to firmly establish the hadronic scenario as the mechanism of particle acceleration at the source., Comment: Published in Nature Astronomy

Published
2021
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4. Observation of the Fermi pulsar catalog at TeV energies with the Tibet air shower experiment

Author

X. X. Zhou, Y. Yamamoto, Yu-Sa Wang, H. Sugimoto, T. K. Sako, X. Y. Zhang, Q. Huang, Shoji Torii, G. C. Yu, Haibing Hu, Y. Zhang, M. Sakata, A. Shiomi, Kazumasa Kawata, C. Fan, Gui-Ming Le, S. Yasue, Jia Zhang, H. C. Li, LuHua Jiang, Masato Takita, X. Y. Gao, Danzengluobu, C. F. Feng, X. C. Yang, T. Yuda, X. H. Ding, H. W. Wang, Y. Q. Lou, H. R. Wu, X. R. Meng, M. Shibata, H. Nanjo, L. Xue, T. Shirai, Yi Zhang, Shunsuke Ozawa, Y. G. Wang, Zhaoyang Feng, K. Mizutani, Y. H. Tan, M. Ohnishi, J. Y. Li, H. Y. Jia, S. Udo, Hong-peng Lu, Liming Ding, N. Tateyama, Ying Zhang, H. W. Guo, A. F. Yuan, H. M. Zhang, S. W. Cui, Zhenyong Feng, Takashi Saito, D. Chen, B. S. Wang, Zhaxisangzhu, M. Amenomori, Z. H. Ye, Kazuoki Munakata, H. H. He, Ning Zhang, K. Hibino, N. Hotta, Masaki Nishizawa, I. Ohta, Labaciren, Harufumi Tsuchiya, To. Saito, Y. Katayose, Q. B. Gou, Hailan Hu, X. J. Bi, Q. X. Geng, C. T. Yan, K. Kasahara, J. Mu, A. F. Li, Jing Huang, Chihiro Kato, M. He, C. X. Liu, and F. Kajino

Subjects
Physics, Telescope, Air shower, Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous), Pulsar, law, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astronomy, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Astrophysics, Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope, law.invention
Abstract

Using the Tibet-III air shower array, we search for steady TeV -rays from 18 pulsars in the Fermi Large Area Telescope pulsar catalog. Among them, we ob- serve 8 sources including the Crab instead of the expected

Published
2011

5. Cosmic-ray energy spectrum around the knee obtained by the Tibet experiment and future prospects

Author

N. Hotta, J. Y. Li, Hsiao-Chi Lu, S. W. Cui, C. F. Feng, Q. Huang, G. M. Le, X. C. Yang, Labaciren, H. B. Hu, B. S. Wang, Q. X. Geng, Zhaxisangzhu, Takeshi Saito, D. Chen, Takashi Sako, Kazuoki Munakata, Kazumasa Kawata, C. Fan, H. H. He, Z. H. Ye, Masaki Nishizawa, X. Y. Gao, Takashi Saito, Jieru Ren, Danzengluobu, A. Nagai, Huaguang Wang, Yizhang, M. Sakata, K. Kasahara, J. Mu, S. L. Lu, Y. G. Wang, M. Amenomori, Jia Zhang, A. F. Li, Jing Huang, C. T. Yan, M. Shibata, Shunsuke Ozawa, A. F. Yuan, X. R. Meng, G. C. Yu, I. Ohta, X. H. Ding, Zhaoyang Feng, Shoji Torii, H. Y. Jia, T. Yuda, S. Udo, Y. Q. Lou, H. R. Wu, K. Hibino, Haibing Hu, Y. H. Tan, H. Onuma, N. Tateyama, X. J. Bi, Harufumi Tsuchiya, K. Mizutani, Y. Katayose, Y. Zhang, A. Shiomi, H. Nanjo, Y. Yamamoto, Yu-Sa Wang, X. Wang, T. Shirai, H. M. Zhang, X. X. Zhou, H. Sugimoto, S. Yasue, H. W. Guo, Masato Takita, M. Ohnishi, L. K. Ding, T. Ouchi, Z. Y. Feng, X. Y. Zhang, F. Kajino, Chihiro Kato, M. He, L. Xue, and Ning Zhang

Subjects
Physics, Atmospheric Science, Range (particle radiation), Proton, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Detector, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Phase (waves), Aerospace Engineering, chemistry.chemical_element, Flux, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Cosmic ray, Spectral line, Nuclear physics, Geophysics, chemistry, Space and Planetary Science, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Helium
Abstract

The observation of the extensive air showers has been carried out since 1990 by Tibet air-shower array to study the origin of the cosmic-rays. In order to investigate the chemical composition around the knee, air-shower core detector was used in two experimental phases aiming to separate light primary elements (proton and helium). In a first phase experiment made in 1996-1999, primary proton and helium spectra were measured using a hybrid detector consisted of Tibet II air-shower array, emulsion chambers, and burst detectors. The result indicated that the fraction of light elements among the all particle spectrum is less than 30%. We performed the second phase experiment in 2002-2005 to measure proton + helium together to confirm the previous result with higher statistics by improving the detection efficiency for the air-shower cores. The P + He spectrum was obtained in a good agreement with previous result by several times higher statistics. The flux of the light elements, together with the all-particle energy spectrum, indicates the dominance of nuclei heavier than helium in the energy range around the knee. We also present the outline of the next phase experiment, which is to measure the heavy elements around the knee, using low threshold air-shower core detector named YAC. (C) 2010 COSPAR. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Published
2011

6. MULTI-TeV GAMMA-RAY OBSERVATION FROM THE CRAB NEBULA USING THE TIBET-III AIR SHOWER ARRAY FINELY TUNED BY THE COSMIC RAY MOON'S SHADOW

Author

M. Amenomori, X. J. Bi, D. Chen, S. W. Cui, null Danzengluobu, L. K. Ding, X. H. Ding, C. Fan, C. F. Feng, Zhaoyang Feng, Z. Y. Feng, X. Y. Gao, Q. X. Geng, H. W. Guo, H. H. He, M. He, K. Hibino, N. Hotta, Haibing Hu, H. B. Hu, J. Huang, Q. Huang, H. Y. Jia, F. Kajino, K. Kasahara, Y. Katayose, C. Kato, K. Kawata, null Labaciren, G. M. Le, A. F. Li, J. Y. Li, Y.-Q. Lou, H. Lu, S. L. Lu, X. R. Meng, K. Mizutani, J. Mu, K. Munakata, A. Nagai, H. Nanjo, M. Nishizawa, M. Ohnishi, I. Ohta, H. Onuma, T. Ouchi, S. Ozawa, J. R. Ren, T. Saito, T. Y. Saito, M. Sakata, T. K. Sako, M. Shibata, A. Shiomi, T. Shirai, H. Sugimoto, M. Takita, Y. H. Tan, N. Tateyama, S. Torii, H. Tsuchiya, S. Udo, B. Wang, H. Wang, X. Wang, Y. Wang, Y. G. Wang, H. R. Wu, L. Xue, Y. Yamamoto, C. T. Yan, X. C. Yang, S. Yasue, Z. H. Ye, G. C. Yu, A. F. Yuan, T. Yuda, H. M. Zhang, J. L. Zhang, N. J. Zhang, X. Y. Zhang, Y. Zhang, Yi Zhang, null Zhaxisangzhu, and X. X. Zhou

Subjects
Physics, Scintillation, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics (astro-ph), Gamma ray, FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Cosmic ray, Astrophysics, magnetic fields, Power law, Air shower, Crab Nebula, cosmic rays, Space and Planetary Science, pulsars: individual (Crab pulsar), Moon, ISM: individual (Crab Nebula), Cherenkov radiation, Energy (signal processing), gamma rays: observations
Abstract

The Tibet-III air shower array, consisting of 533 scintillation detectors, has been operating successfully at Yangbajing in Tibet, China since 1999. Using the dataset collected by this array from 1999 November through 2005 November, we obtained the energy spectrum of $\gamma$-rays from the Crab Nebula, expressed by a power law as $(dJ/dE) = (2.09\pm0.32)\times10^{-12} (E/{\rm 3 TeV})^{-2.96\pm0.14} {\rm cm}^{-2} {\rm s}^{-1} {\rm TeV}^{-1}$ in the energy range of 1.7 to 40 TeV. This result is consistent with other independent $\gamma$-ray observations by imaging air Cherenkov telescopes. In this paper, we carefully checked and tuned the performance of the Tibet-III array using data on the moon's shadow in comparison with a detailed Monte Carlo simulation. The shadow is shifted to the west of the moon's apparent position as an effect of the geomagnetic field, although the extent of this displacement depends on the primary energy positively charged cosmic rays. This finding enables us to estimate the systematic error in determining the primary energy from its shower size. This error is estimated to be less than $\pm$12% in our experiment. This energy scale estimation is the first attempt among cosmic-ray experiments at ground level. The systematic pointing error is also estimated to be smaller than $0\fdg011$. The deficit rate and position of the moon's shadow are shown to be very stable within a statistical error of $\pm$6% year by year. This guarantees the long-term stability of point-like source observation with the Tibet-III array. These systematic errors are adequately taken into account in our study of the Crab Nebula., Comment: 12 pages, 16 figures, accepted by ApJ

Published
2009

7. An Imaging and Spectral Study of 10 X‐Ray Filaments around the Galactic Center

Author

Tiantian Yuan, Y. Q. Lou, and Fangjun Lu

Subjects
Physics, Infrared, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Galactic Center, Flux, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics, Spectral line, Luminosity, Protein filament, Pulsar, Space and Planetary Science, Energy (signal processing)
Abstract

We report the detection of 10 new X-ray filaments using the data from the {\sl Chandra} X-ray satellite for the inner $6^{\prime}$ ($\sim 15$ parsec) around the Galactic center (GC). All these X-ray filaments are characterized by non-thermal energy spectra, and most of them have point-like features at their heads that point inward. Fitted with the simple absorbed power-law model, the measured X-ray flux from an individual filament in the 2-10 keV band is $\sim 2.8\times10^{-14}$ to $10^{-13}$ ergs cm$^{-2}$ s$^{-1}$ and the absorption-corrected X-ray luminosity is $\sim 10^{32}-10^{33}$ ergs s$^{-1}$ at a presumed distance of 8 kpc to the GC. We speculate the origin(s) of these filaments by morphologies and by comparing their X-ray images with the corresponding radio and infrared images. On the basis of combined information available, we suspect that these X-ray filaments might be pulsar wind nebulae (PWNe) associated with pulsars of age $10^3 \sim 3\times 10^5$ yr. The fact that most of the filament tails point outward may further suggest a high velocity wind blowing away form the GC.

Published
2008

8. A large underground water Cherenkov muon detector array with the Tibet air shower array for Gamma-ray astronomy in the 100 TeV region: detector design and simulation

Author

C. T. Yan, T. Yuda, Y. Q. Lou, H. R. Wu, Jia Zhang, K. Mizutani, M. Amenomori, J. Y. Li, H. Y. Jia, M. Shibata, H. W. Guo, Chihiro Kato, M. He, H. Onuma, T. Sasaki, Labaciren, K. Hibino, T. Ouchi, H. Nanjo, Z. H. Ye, K. Kawata, I. Ohta, L. K. Ding, S. Yasue, Jieru Ren, T. Shirai, C. F. Feng, Masato Takita, Y. G. Wang, Q. Huang, H. H. He, G. M. Le, Takashi Saito, L. Xue, Shunsuke Ozawa, Huaguang Wang, A. F. Yuan, Zhaxisangzhu, Takashi Sako, B. Wang, Z. Y. Feng, Y. Yamamoto, S. L. Lu, H. M. Zhang, S. Ayabe, G. C. Yu, X. Y. Zhang, X. X. Zhou, X. Y. Gao, M. Ohnishi, Y. Katayose, X. H. Ding, X. R. Meng, H. Sugimoto, S. Udo, D. Chen, Zhaoyang Feng, N. Tateyama, Danzengluobu, Y. H. Tan, A. Nagai, Shoji Torii, F. Kajino, Xiaoqun Wang, Haibing Hu, Harufumi Tsuchiya, Y. Zhang, A. Shiomi, Masaki Nishizawa, M. Sakata, X. C. Yang, H. B. Hu, Q. X. Geng, Ning Zhang, S. W. Cui, N. Hotta, Hsiao-Chi Lu, J. Mu, A. F. Li, Yi Zhang, Jing Huang, Kazuoki Munakata, Takeshi Saito, Katsuaki Kasahara, and X. J. Bi

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Detector, Monte Carlo method, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Gamma-ray astronomy, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Physics::Geophysics, Nuclear physics, Air shower, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Sensitivity (control systems), Cherenkov radiation, Muon detector
Abstract

We are planning to build a large water-Cherenkov-type muon detector array around the Tibet air shower array for Gamma-ray astronomy in the 100 TeV Region. In this paper, we describe the design of the Tibet MD array and details of the Monte Carlo simulation to demonstrate the sensitivity of the Tibet AS+MD array.

Published
2008

9. A large underground water Cherenkov muon detector array with the Tibet air shower array for the Gamma-ray astronomy in the 100 TeV region: Overview and physics goal

Author

G. C. Yu, Jieru Ren, S. Ayabe, I. Ohta, Ning Zhang, Labaciren, Q. X. Geng, N. Hotta, Hsiao-Chi Lu, C. F. Feng, H. Y. Jia, J. Y. Li, J. Mu, M. Shibata, Jia Zhang, F. Kajino, A. F. Li, Jing Huang, Shoji Torii, Y. G. Wang, Chihiro Kato, Y. Katayose, A. F. Yuan, M. He, Takashi Sako, X. J. Bi, G. M. Le, D. Chen, K. Hibino, Xiaoqun Wang, H. Onuma, Haibing Hu, T. Sasaki, X. R. Meng, Zhaxisangzhu, Kazuoki Munakata, Zhaoyang Feng, S. W. Cui, B. Wang, H. H. He, Takeshi Saito, Q. Huang, Y. Zhang, Katsuaki Kasahara, T. Ouchi, K. Mizutani, X. X. Zhou, S. L. Lu, Shunsuke Ozawa, H. Nanjo, T. Shirai, A. Shiomi, M. Ohnishi, X. H. Ding, L. K. Ding, H. M. Zhang, Y. H. Tan, Yi Zhang, H. Sugimoto, H. W. Guo, S. Udo, Y. Yamamoto, X. Y. Zhang, Masaki Nishizawa, C. T. Yan, Takashi Saito, K. Kawata, Huaguang Wang, Z. H. Ye, T. Yuda, Y. Q. Lou, H. R. Wu, X. Y. Gao, Danzengluobu, A. Nagai, L. Xue, M. Amenomori, S. Yasue, Masato Takita, N. Tateyama, Harufumi Tsuchiya, X. C. Yang, H. B. Hu, and M. Sakata

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Muon, COSMIC cancer database, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Gamma ray, Astronomy, Cosmic ray, Gamma-ray astronomy, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Particle detector, Nuclear physics, Air shower, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Cherenkov radiation
Abstract

The Tibet air shower array with effective area 37,000 m 2 located at 4300m in altitude, in Tibet, China, is sensitive to celestial gamma rays with energies above a few TeV. We have a plan to add a large underground muon detector array to it in order to discriminate cosmic gamma rays from cosmic-ray hadrons and to increase its sensitivity by approximately one order of magnitude to cosmic gamma rays in the 100 TeV energy region. The overview of the plan will be briefly described.

Published
2008

10. Northern Sky Survey for Gamma-ray Point Sources in 100 TeV Region with the Tibet Air Shower Array

Author

H. Y. Jia, X. Y. Gao, C. T. Yan, Jia Zhang, Danzengluobu, A. Nagai, B. Wang, Takashi Saito, Katsuaki Kasahara, J. Mu, M. Amenomori, Chihiro Kato, M. He, H. H. He, Huaguang Wang, H. Onuma, Masaki Nishizawa, T. Yuda, T. Sasaki, A. F. Li, Jing Huang, Y. Q. Lou, H. R. Wu, Yi Zhang, C. F. Feng, Shunsuke Ozawa, Zhaxisangzhu, Y. Katayose, Jieru Ren, Takashi Sako, Q. Huang, G. M. Le, D. Chen, F. Kajino, Y. Yamamoto, L. Xue, Q. X. Geng, S. L. Lu, M. Ohnishi, S. Yasue, X. R. Meng, J. Y. Li, Shoji Torii, S. Udo, K. Mizutani, Kazuoki Munakata, G. C. Yu, Zhaoyang Feng, Z. Y. Feng, Masato Takita, S. Ayabe, K. Hibino, Z. H. Ye, S. W. Cui, Takeshi Saito, X. J. Bi, T. Ouchi, L. K. Ding, K. Kawata, X. H. Ding, Ning Zhang, Y. H. Tan, N. Hotta, H. M. Zhang, X. X. Zhou, Hsiao-Chi Lu, H. Sugimoto, M. Shibata, Xiaoqun Wang, Haibing Hu, Labaciren, Y. Zhang, A. Shiomi, N. Tateyama, Y. G. Wang, A. F. Yuan, Harufumi Tsuchiya, X. Y. Zhang, H. W. Guo, X. C. Yang, H. B. Hu, M. Sakata, I. Ohta, H. Nanjo, and T. Shirai

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, media_common.quotation_subject, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Gamma ray, Extrapolation, Flux, Astronomy, Cosmic ray, Astrophysics, Declination, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Galaxy, Air shower, Sky, media_common
Abstract

We searched for steady 100 TeV gamma-ray point sources from −10° to +70° in declination based on six year data obtained from Nov. 1999 to Nov. 2005 by the Tibet air shower array. No new source was found and no significant excess of events could be detected from known TeV sources. We set flux upper limits above 100 TeV on several nearby objects located inside Our Galaxy. All of them are slightly higher than extrapolation from lower energies by a factor of 1 to 20. Our new project named Tibet MD will improve our sensitivity by a factor of ∼10 in this energy region. We would discover ∼10 new sources and be able to measure cutoff energy of known and unknown sources, which might lead to identification of the origin of cosmic rays.

Published
2008

11. Spectral index of high-energy cosmic rays by the Compton-Getting effect at solar time frame with the Tibet air shower array

Author

K. Kawata, Ning Zhang, H. H. He, Xiaoqun Wang, M. Amenomori, Jieru Ren, N. Hotta, Haibing Hu, X. C. Yang, H. W. Guo, Labaciren, Q. X. Geng, G. C. Yu, M. Shibata, F. Kajino, H. Nanjo, S. L. Lu, T. Shirai, Y. Zhang, T. Ouchi, H. B. Hu, A. Shiomi, Takashi Sako, Takashi Saito, Hsiao-Chi Lu, X. H. Ding, Huaguang Wang, L. Xue, K. Mizutani, H. M. Zhang, X. R. Meng, X. J. Bi, M. Ohnishi, X. X. Zhou, X. Y. Gao, Y. H. Tan, K. Hibino, S. Yasue, Zhaoyang Feng, S. Udo, Danzengluobu, J. Y. Li, Katsuaki Kasahara, A. Nagai, H. Sugimoto, Masato Takita, Z. Y. Feng, Y. G. Wang, S. Ayabe, Kazuoki Munakata, Shunsuke Ozawa, A. F. Yuan, J. Mu, A. F. Li, Jing Huang, Chihiro Kato, M. He, M. Sakata, B. Wang, Zhaxisangzhu, X. Y. Zhang, Y. Katayose, C. T. Yan, D. Chen, Shoji Torii, I. Ohta, N. Tateyama, T. Yuda, H. Y. Jia, Harufumi Tsuchiya, Y. Q. Lou, H. R. Wu, Jia Zhang, C. F. Feng, H. Onuma, T. Sasaki, Q. Huang, G. M. Le, Y. Yamamoto, L. K. Ding, Z. H. Ye, Masaki Nishizawa, Takeshi Saito, S. W. Cui, and Yi Zhang

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Spectral index, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astronomy, Cosmic ray, Astrophysics, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Air shower, Solar time, Orbital motion, Ultra-high-energy cosmic ray, Anisotropy, Energy (signal processing)
Abstract

We report on the spectral index of cosmic rays around 10 TeV energy region obtained by observation of the Compton-Getting anisotropy due to the terrestrial orbital motion around the Sun with the Tibet III air shower array during the period from 1999 to 2005. The spectral index has turned out to be 2.99 ± 0.54 , which is consistent with 2.74 by the direct energy spectrum measurement. This method is a new approach to measure the spectral index and is complementary to the conventional energy spectrum measurement.

Published
2008

12. TeV Gamma Ray Survey on the Direction of Fermi-LAT Pulsars with the Tibet Air Shower Array

Author

H. M. Zhang, X. X. Zhou, H. Sugimoto, Ning Zhang, Q. Huang, N. Hotta, Jian Huang, Haibing Hu, X. Y. Zhang, Y. Zhang, Y. G. Wang, A. Shiomi, G. C. Yu, Z. H. Ye, Q. X. Geng, A. F. Yuan, N. Tateyama, H. H. He, K. Mizutani, M. Shibata, X. R. Meng, Ying Zhang, Jia Zhang, To. Saito, B. S. Wang, Zhaxisangzhu, S. W. Cui, Zhaoyang Feng, K. Kawata, S. Yasue, Harufumi Tsuchiya, C. F. Feng, H. C. Li, C. T. Yan, T. K. Sako, H. W. Guo, Shoji Torii, L. Xue, H. Nanjo, T. Shirai, Q. B. Gou, Masato Takita, D. Chen, L. L. Jiang, Yi Zhang, Kazuoki Munakata, C. Fan, X. J. Bi, X. C. Yang, T. Yuda, H. B. Hu, X. H. Ding, Y. Q. Lou, H. R. Wu, Hong-peng Lu, Y. Katayose, K. Kasahara, J. Mu, M. Sakata, Y. H. Tan, J. Y. Li, A. F. Li, Gui-Ming Le, I. Ohta, Masaki Nishizawa, M. Amenomori, L. K. Ding, K. Hibino, S. Ozawa, X. Y. Gao, Danzengluobu, Y. Yamamoto, Yu-Sa Wang, Labaciren, Chihiro Kato, M. He, Takashi Saito, Huaguang Wang, H. Y. Jia, C. X. Liu, M. Ohnishi, S. Udo, F. Kajino, and Z. Y. Feng

Subjects
Physics, symbols.namesake, Air shower, Crab Nebula, Pulsar, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Gamma ray, symbols, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Astrophysics, Poisson distribution, Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope
Abstract

We search for steady TeV γ-rays from 18 pulsars in the Fermi-LAT pulsar catalog using the Tibet air shower array. We observe 8 sources including the Crab against expected 0.41 sources at a significance of 2σ or more among the 18 pulsars. The chance probability from Poisson statistics is estimated to be 1.4×10-8.With the Crab excluded, it is estimated to be 1.8×10-7. These low chance probabilities clearly show that the Fermi pulsars have a statistically significant correlation with TeV γ-ray excesses observed by the Tibet air shower array.

Published
2010

13. On Temporal Variations of the Multi-TeV Cosmic Ray Anisotropy using the Tibet III Air Shower Array

Author

H. C. Li, M. Ohnishi, Y. G. Wang, K. Kawata, S. Udo, A. F. Yuan, C. F. Feng, X. Y. Gao, Danzengluobu, A. Nagai, X. C. Yang, Q. Huang, M. Amenomori, H. Y. Jia, L. L. Jiang, Y. Q. Lou, H. R. Wu, H. B. Hu, Labaciren, H. H. He, Y. Yamamoto, Yu-Sa Wang, T. K. Sako, Z. Y. Feng, H. Nanjo, T. Shirai, Donghong Chen, K. Hibino, M. Sakata, Chihiro Kato, K. Mizutani, J. Y. Li, M. He, Y. Katayose, X. R. Meng, X. Y. Zhang, Jia Zhang, S. Torii, Gui-Ming Le, C. X. Liu, Haibing Hu, L. Xue, C. Fan, Zhaoyang Feng, Masaki Nishizawa, G. C. Yu, Takashi Saito, Huaguang Wang, Q. B. Gou, I. Ohta, N. Tateyama, Kazuoki Munakata, S. Ozawa, Ang Li, Ning Zhang, F. Kajino, Y. Zhang, Harufumi Tsuchiya, N. Hotta, H. W. Guo, A. Shiomi, L. K. Ding, Z. H. Ye, X. H. Ding, T. Yuda, S. Yasue, B. S. Wang, Zhaxisangzhu, Masato Takita, Y. H. Tan, H. M. Zhang, X. X. Zhou, H. Sugimoto, Q. X. Geng, C. T. Yan, K. Kasahara, J. Mu, Jing Huang, X. J. Bi, M. Shibata, Yi Zhang, Takeshi Saito, Ying Zhang, S. W. Cui, and H. Lu

Subjects
Physics, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Observation period, FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Cosmic ray, Astrophysics, Solar cycle, Air shower, Space and Planetary Science, Sidereal time, Solar Activities, Magnitude (astronomy), Physics::Space Physics, Anisotropy, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract

We analyze the large-scale two-dimensional sidereal anisotropy of multi-TeV cosmic rays by Tibet Air Shower Array, with the data taken from 1999 November to 2008 December. To explore temporal variations of the anisotropy, the data set is divided into nine intervals, each in a time span of about one year. The sidereal anisotropy of magnitude about 0.1% appears fairly stable from year to year over the entire observation period of nine years. This indicates that the anisotropy of TeV Galactic cosmic rays remains insensitive to solar activities since the observation period covers more than a half of the 23rd solar cycle., 18 pages, 2 figures, accepted by The Astrophysical Journal

Published
2010

14. Heliospheric signatures seen in the sidereal anisotropy of high-energy galactic cosmic ray intensity

Author

X. J. Bi, H. Nanjo, T. Shirai, Takeshi Saito, József Kóta, B. S. Wang, Zhaxisangzhu, K. Hibino, Haibing Hu, H. C. Li, S. Ozawa, C. Fan, K. Kasahara, J. Mu, K. Mizutani, A. F. Li, Y. Zhang, L. Xue, A. Shiomi, G. C. Yu, N. Tateyama, Q. X. Geng, Ying Zhang, H. M. Zhang, Labaciren, S. W. Cui, H. Y. Jia, K. Kawata, X. X. Zhou, Harufumi Tsuchiya, C. T. Yan, I. Ohta, Y. Katayose, H. Sugimoto, M. Shibata, Yi Zhang, M. Amenomori, Q. Huang, X. C. Yang, Jian Huang, H. B. Hu, Z. Y. Feng, Y. G. Wang, A. F. Yuan, X. Y. Zhang, Y. Yamamoto, T. Yuda, D. Chen, Kazuoki Munakata, L. Jiang, Ning Zhang, Y. Q. Lou, H. R. Wu, N. Hotta, Yu-Sa Wang, M. Sakata, H. W. Guo, Hsiao-Chi Lu, Gui-Ming Le, Chihiro Kato, M. He, Z. H. Ye, C. X. Liu, C. F. Feng, F. Kajino, L. K. Ding, S. Yasue, Jia Zhang, Q. B. Gou, S. Torii, Masato Takita, Takashi Saito, Huaguang Wang, Masaki Nishizawa, X. Y. Gao, Danzengluobu, M. Ohnishi, T. K. Sako, S. Udo, H. H. He, X. H. Ding, Y. H. Tan, J. Y. Li, X. R. Meng, and Zhaoyang Feng

Subjects
Physics, Amplitude, Air shower, Energetic neutral atom, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Physics::Space Physics, Astronomy, Cosmic ray, Context (language use), Astrophysics, Magnetohydrodynamics, Anisotropy, Heliosphere
Abstract

Mapping the global heliosphere by detecting energetic neutral atoms (ENAs), IBEX derived the semi‐direct information on the structure of the large‐scale magnetic field surrounding the heliosphere. Multi‐TeV galactic cosmic rays (GCRs) also sense the global structure of the magnetic field within the whole heliosphere as well as the field surrounding the heliosphere, and can provide an additional tool to explore the global structure of these fields. We analyze, in this context, the multi‐TeV GCR intensity observed with the Tibet Air Shower (AS) experiment, which clearly shows a midscale component structure observed as the excess intensity along Gurnett’s HDP (Hydrogen Deflection Plane), as well as the global component structure. We find that the amplitude of the midscale component is only weakly dependent on GCR energy, while its angular extension along the HDP plane monotonously decreases with increasing energy. On the basis of these results, we discuss the possible origin of the midscale anisotropy.

Published
2010

15. An Updated Search of Steady TeV $\gamma-$Ray Point Sources in Northern Hemisphere Using the Tibet Air Shower Array

Author

Z. H. Ye, X. Y. Zhang, Y. Wang, H. Y. Jia, J. R. Ren, X. C. Yang, Ji-Long Zhang, Y. G. Wang, X. R. Meng, Han-Rong Wu, Haibing Hu, S. W. Cui, L. K. Ding, Hui-Min Zhang, C. Fan, Hui Wang, Hong-Bo Hu, H. W. Guo, X. J. Bi, Xiao-Hong Ding, You-Heng Tan, X. X. Zhou, Zhaoyang Feng, Ang Li, Yi Zhang, M. He, Q Huang, Jy Li, S. L. Lu, Yong Zhang, Zhaxisangzhu, C. F. Feng, Z. Y. Feng, L. Xue, B. Wang, GC Yu, Y. Q. Lou, Q. Yuan, N. J. Zhang, Gui-Ming Le, A. F. Yuan, H. Lu, Q. X. Geng, Danzengluobu, Labaciren, X. Y. Gao, Huihai He, and J. Mu

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, media_common.quotation_subject, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Northern Hemisphere, Gamma ray, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Flux, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Astrophysics, Declination, Power law, Air shower, Crab Nebula, Sky, Instrumentation, media_common
Abstract

Using the data taken from Tibet II High Density (HD) Array (1997 February-1999 September) and Tibet-III array (1999 November-2005 November), our previous northern sky survey for TeV $\gamma-$ray point sources has now been updated by a factor of 2.8 improved statistics. From $0.0^{\circ}$ to $60.0^{\circ}$ in declination (Dec) range, no new TeV $\gamma-$ray point sources with sufficiently high significance were identified while the well-known Crab Nebula and Mrk421 remain to be the brightest TeV $\gamma-$ray sources within the field of view of the Tibet air shower array. Based on the currently available data and at the 90% confidence level (C.L.), the flux upper limits for different power law index assumption are re-derived, which are approximately improved by 1.7 times as compared with our previous reported limits., Comment: This paper has been accepted by hepnp

Published
2008

16. Underground Prototype Water Cherenkov Muon Detector with the Tibet Air Shower Array

Author

H. Y. Jia, Y. Wang, Y. G. Wang, X. H. Ding, H. M. Zhang, S. Yasue, X. X. Zhou, Masato Takita, S. W. Cui, Y. Yamamoto, Ning Zhang, H. Sugimoto, T. Yuda, N. Hotta, X. Y. Gao, Y. H. Tan, Y. Q. Lou, A. F. Yuan, H. R. Wu, Danzengluobu, A. Nagai, H. H. He, Q. Huang, Jia Zhang, Xiaoqun Wang, Hsiao-Chi Lu, X. C. Yang, G. C. Yu, Jieru Ren, Takashi Sako, Yi Zhang, Haibing Hu, Shunsuke Ozawa, S. L. Lu, X. R. Meng, Y. Zhang, K. Hibino, B. S. Wang, Takeshi Saito, Masaki Nishizawa, Zhaoyang Feng, Zhaxisangzhu, A. Shiomi, K. Mizutani, J. Y. Li, H. W. Guo, M. Shibata, H. B. Hu, I. Ohta, C. F. Feng, D. Chen, Y. Katayose, Kazuoki Munakata, Shoji Torii, L. K. Ding, C. Fan, G. M. Le, T. Ouchi, Labaciren, H. Nanjo, S. Udo, T. Shirai, M. Sakata, Z. H. Ye, N. Tateyama, Chihiro Kato, K. Kawata, M. He, Harufumi Tsuchiya, Z. Y. Feng, F. Kajino, M. Amenomori, L. Xue, C. T. Yan, M. Ohnishi, Takashi Saito, Huaguang Wang, X. J. Bi, K. Kasahara, J. Mu, A. F. Li, Jing Huang, Q. X. Geng, and X. Y. Zhang

Subjects
Physics, Muon, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, business.industry, Cherenkov detector, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Detector, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Gamma ray, Astronomy, Cosmic ray, Gamma-ray astronomy, law.invention, Optics, Air shower, law, High Energy Physics::Experiment, business, Cherenkov radiation
Abstract

We are planning to build a 10,000 m2 water‐Cherenkov‐type muon detector (MD) array under the Tibet air shower (AS) array. The Tibet AS+MD array will have the sensitivity to detect gamma rays in the 100 TeV region by an order of the magnitude better than any other previous existing detectors in the world. In the late fall of 2007, a prototype water Cherenkov muon detector of approximately 100 m2 was constructed under the existing Tibet AS array. The preliminary data analysis is in good agreement with our MC simulation. We are now ready for further expanding the underground water Cherenkov muon detector.

Published
2008

17. New estimation of the spectral index of high-energy cosmic rays as determined by the Compton-Getting anisotropy

Author

S. Yasue, Hong Wu, X. Y. Gao, Y. G. Wang, Chihiro Kato, M. He, Xuan Zhang, H. Sugimoto, A. F. Yuan, T. K. Sako, Gui-Ming Le, Y. Yamamoto, Y. H. Tan, Zhaoyang Feng, Cunfeng Feng, M. Shibata, Yu Wang, N. Hotta, Shoji Torii, L. Xue, Huihai He, C. Fan, Yi Zhang, Katsuaki Kasahara, Hong-peng Lu, X. J. Bi, Harufumi Tsuchiya, Liming Ding, Labaciren, S. L. Lu, J. Mu, K. Kawata, Hailan Hu, H. Onuma, K. Mizutani, X. C. Yang, Xiaoqun Wang, X. H. Ding, Zhenyong Feng, H. M. Zhang, S. Udo, K. Hibino, Haibing Hu, Jing Huang, Masato Takita, M. Sakata, H. Nanjo, G. C. Yu, Y. Katayose, H. Y. Jia, H. W. Guo, M. Amenomori, D. Chen, J. R. Ren, J. Y. Li, Y. Zhang, A. Shiomi, B. Wang, Shuwang Cui, C. T. Yan, Y. Q. Lou, To. Saito, M. Ohnishi, T. Shirai, T. Yuda, Ang Li, J. L. Zhang, Kazuoki Munakata, Ning Zhang, F. Kajino, Zhaxisangzhu, X. R. Meng, Z. H. Ye, X. X. Zhou, Masaki Nishizawa, T. Ouchi, Q. Huang, Shunsuke Ozawa, Danzengluobu, A. Nagai, H. Wang, I. Ohta, Q. X. Geng, N. Tateyama, and Takashi Saito

Subjects
Physics, Spectral index, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Hadron, Astrophysics (astro-ph), Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Astrophysics, Measure (mathematics), Atmosphere, Amplitude, Space and Planetary Science, Energy spectrum, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Ultra-high-energy cosmic ray, Anisotropy
Abstract

The amplitude of the Compton-Getting (CG) anisotropy contains the power-law index of the cosmic-ray energy spectrum. Based on this relation and using the Tibet air-shower array data, we measure the cosmic-ray spectral index to be $-3.03 \pm 0.55_{stat} \pm < 0.62_{syst}$ between 6 TeV and 40 TeV, consistent with $-$2.7 from direct energy spectrum measurements. Potentially, this CG anisotropy analysis can be utilized to confirm the astrophysical origin of the ``knee'' against models for non-standard hadronic interactions in the atmosphere., accepted to ApJL

Published
2007
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18. Moon Shadow by Cosmic Rays under the Influence of Geomagnetic Field and Search for Antiprotons at Multi-TeV Energies

Author

Q. Huang, G. M. Le, Katsuaki Kasahara, Masaki Nishizawa, X. Y. Gao, Danzengluobu, A. Nagai, Takeshi Saito, H. Nanjo, T. Shirai, Kazumasa Kawata, F. Kajino, K. Mizutani, Labaciren, Z. H. Ye, X. H. Ding, Jieru Ren, Zhaxisangzhu, Xuan Zhang, Z. Y. Feng, N. Tateyama, X. J. Bi, M. Amenomori, C. T. Yan, Shunsuke Ozawa, Y. Q. Lou, S. Ayabe, S. Yasue, H. M. Zhang, X. X. Zhou, Harufumi Tsuchiya, T. Yuda, Y. Katayose, H. Sugimoto, G. C. Yu, Masato Takita, H. R. Wu, M. Ohnishi, D. Chen, M. Shibata, X. Wang, T. Ouchi, Chihiro Kato, Y. G. Wang, X. C. Yang, M. He, J. Mu, A. F. Li, Yi Zhang, Haibing Hu, H. W. Guo, I. Ohta, Jing Huang, H. B. Hu, K. Hibino, Takashi Sako, A. F. Yuan, L. Xue, Y. Zhang, H. Y. Jia, M. Sakata, Q. X. Geng, X. R. Meng, A. Shiomi, Ning Zhang, Zhaoyang Feng, Cunfeng Feng, N. Hotta, Hsiao-Chi Lu, Kazuoki Munakata, Jia Zhang, H. Onuma, T. Sasaki, Y. Yamamoto, Takashi Saito, Huaguang Wang, L. K. Ding, S. Udo, Shuwang Cui, Y. H. Tan, H. H. He, S. L. Lu, Shoji Torii, J. Y. Li, and B. Wang

Subjects
Physics, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics (astro-ph), Gamma ray, Astronomy, FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Cosmic ray, Astrophysics, Cosmology, Charged particle, Physics::Geophysics, Air shower, Earth's magnetic field, Antiproton, Shadow, Physics::Space Physics, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Abstract

We have observed the shadowing of galactic cosmic ray flux in the direction of the moon, the so-called moon shadow, using the Tibet-III air shower array operating at Yangbajing (4300 m a.s.l.) in Tibet since 1999. Almost all cosmic rays are positively charged; for that reason, they are bent by the geomagnetic field, thereby shifting the moon shadow westward. The cosmic rays will also produce an additional shadow in the eastward direction of the moon if cosmic rays contain negatively charged particles, such as antiprotons, with some fraction. We selected 1.5 x10^{10} air shower events with energy beyond about 3 TeV from the dataset observed by the Tibet-III air shower array and detected the moon shadow at $\sim 40 \sigma$ level. The center of the moon was detected in the direction away from the apparent center of the moon by 0.23$^\circ$ to the west. Based on these data and a full Monte Carlo simulation, we searched for the existence of the shadow produced by antiprotons at the multi-TeV energy region. No evidence of the existence of antiprotons was found in this energy region. We obtained the 90% confidence level upper limit of the flux ratio of antiprotons to protons as 7% at multi-TeV energies., Comment: 13pages,4figures; Accepted for publication in Astroparticle Physics

Published
2007
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19. Anisotropy and Corotation of Galactic Cosmic Rays

Author

X. Y. Gao, Kazumasa Kawata, N. Tateyama, H. Nanjo, Shoji Torii, T. Shirai, J. Y. Li, Harufumi Tsuchiya, X. H. Ding, Jieru Ren, Zhenyong Feng, M. Amenomori, I. Ohta, H. Sugimoto, X. X. Zhou, Q. Huang, H. H. He, Shunsuke Ozawa, Z. H. Ye, Haibing Hu, S. L. Lu, Yi Zhang, Takashi Sako, Zhaoyang Feng, Shuwang Cui, K. Mizutani, L. Xue, Y. Zhang, Y. Yamamoto, B. Wang, Y. G. Wang, M. Shibata, X. C. Yang, A. Shiomi, Hong-peng Lu, Liming Ding, S. Yasue, M. Ohnishi, X. Wang, Masaki Nishizawa, C. T. Yan, Hailan Hu, Masato Takita, Zhaxisangzhu, Y. Q. Lou, H. M. Zhang, G. M. Le, Xuan Zhang, Labaciren, J. Mu, K. Hibino, A. F. Li, Y. H. Tan, T. Yuda, Jing Huang, H. Y. Jia, A. Nagai, Y. Katayose, M. Sakata, D. Chen, H. Onuma, T. Sasaki, Danzengluobu, Cunfeng Feng, T. Ouchi, H. W. Guo, Ning Zhang, X. J. Bi, N. Hotta, J. L. Zhang, Hong Wu, Kazuoki Munakata, Katsuaki Kasahara, G. C. Yu, To. Saito, A. F. Yuan, Chihiro Kato, M. He, S. Udo, Q. X. Geng, Takashi Saito, H. Wang, F. Kajino, S. Ayabe, and X. R. Meng

Subjects
Physics, Multidisciplinary, Milky Way, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astronomy, Cosmic ray, Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Galactic plane, Supernova, Air shower, Galactic corona, Ultra-high-energy cosmic ray, Anisotropy, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics
Abstract

The intensity of Galactic cosmic rays is nearly isotropic because of the influence of magnetic fields in the Milky Way. Here, we present two-dimensional high-precision anisotropy measurement for energies from a few to several hundred teraelectronvolts (TeV), using the large data sample of the Tibet Air Shower Arrays. Besides revealing finer details of the known anisotropies, a new component of Galactic cosmic ray anisotropy in sidereal time is uncovered around the Cygnus region direction. For cosmic-ray energies up to a few hundred TeV, all components of anisotropies fade away, showing a corotation of Galactic cosmic rays with the local Galactic magnetic environment. These results have broad implications for a comprehensive understanding of cosmic rays, supernovae, magnetic fields, and heliospheric and Galactic dynamic environments.

Published
2006

20. Implication of the sidereal anisotropy of ∼5 TeV cosmic ray intensity observed with the Tibet III air shower array

Author

H. B. Hu, N. Tateyama, Harufumi Tsuchiya, M. Sakata, J. Y. Li, Takeshi Saito, K. Mizutani, Y. Yamamoto, Q. X. Geng, Labaciren, G. C. Yu, L. Xue, H. M. Zhang, X. X. Zhou, Chihiro Kato, H. Y. Jia, M. He, H. Sugimoto, J. Mu, Z. H. Ye, M. Ohnishi, Ning Zhang, L. K. Ding, A. F. Li, Q. Huang, Xiaoqun Wang, N. Hotta, Jing Huang, Haibing Hu, Jia Zhang, Shunsuke Ozawa, Katsuaki Kasahara, Y. Zhang, S. Yasue, A. Shiomi, X. H. Ding, Hsiao-Chi Lu, H. Onuma, T. Sasaki, K. Kawata, X. J. Bi, Masato Takita, S. Udo, X. Y. Gao, M. Amenomori, C. T. Yan, Y. G. Wang, Danzengluobu, Masaki Nishizawa, A. Nagai, S. W. Cui, Y. H. Tan, C. F. Feng, Z. Y. Feng, T. Yuda, A. F. Yuan, S. Ayabe, H. H. He, Kazuoki Munakata, Y. Q. Lou, H. R. Wu, G. M. Le, I. Ohta, Yi Zhang, S. L. Lu, F. Kajino, Y. Katayose, B. Wang, K. Hibino, D. Chen, Takashi Saito, Huaguang Wang, M. Shibata, H. Nanjo, T. Shirai, Shoji Torii, H. W. Guo, X. Y. Zhang, Zhaxisangzhu, Jieru Ren, T. Ouchi, Takashi Sako, X. R. Meng, Zhaoyang Feng, and X. C. Yang

Subjects
Physics, Local Interstellar Cloud, education.field_of_study, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Population, Flux, Astronomy, Cosmic ray, Astrophysics, Galactic plane, Air shower, Physics::Space Physics, education, Anisotropy, Heliosphere
Abstract

We show that the large‐scale anisotropy of ∼5 TeV galactic cosmic ray (GCR) intensity observed by Tibet Air Shower experiment can be reproduced by the superposition of a bi‐directional and uni‐directional flows (UDF and BDF) of GCRs. The heliosphere is located inside the local interstellar cloud (LIC) very close to the inner edge of the LIC. If the GCR population is lower inside the LIC than outside, the BDF flow is expected from the parallel diffusion of GCRs into LIC along the local interstellar magnetic field (LISMF) connecting the heliosphere with the region outside the LIC, where the GCR population is higher. A type of the UDF, on the other hand, is expected from the B×∇n drift flux driven by a gradient of GCR density (n) in the LISMF (B). The LISMF orientation deduced from the best‐fit direction of the BDF is almost parallel to the galactic plane and more consistent with the suggestion of Frisch (1996) than that of Lallement et al. (2005). We note that the model, if holds, yields the LISMF polarity together with its orientation.

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