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23 results on '"O'BRIEN P., T"'

1. GRB 201015A and the nature of low-luminosity soft gamma-ray bursts

Author

Patel, M., Gompertz, B. P., O'Brien, P. T., Lamb, G. P., Starling, R. L. C., Evans, P. A, Amati, L., Levan, A. J., Nicholl, M., Lyman, J., Ackley, K., Dyer, M. J., Ulaczyk, K., Steeghs, D., Galloway, D. K., Dhillon, V. S., Ramsay, G., Noysena, K., Kotak, R., Breton, R. P., Nuttall, L. K., Palle, E., and Pollacco, D.

Subjects
High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), Space and Planetary Science, Astronomy, FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract

GRB 201015A is a peculiarly low luminosity, spectrally soft gamma-ray burst (GRB), with $T_{\rm 90} = 9.8 \pm 3.5$ s (time interval of detection of 90\% of photons from the GRB), and an associated supernova (likely to be type Ic or Ic-BL). GRB 201015A has an isotropic energy $E_{\gamma,\rm iso} = 1.75 ^{+0.60} _{-0.53} \times 10^{50}$ erg, and photon index $\Gamma = 3.00 ^{+0.50} _{-0.42}$ (15-150 keV). It follows the Amati relation, a correlation between $E_{\gamma,\rm iso}$ and spectral peak energy $E_{\rm p}$ followed by long GRBs. It appears exceptionally soft based on $\Gamma$, the hardness ratio of HR = $0.47 \pm 0.24$, and low-$E_{\rm p}$, so we have compared it to other GRBs sharing these properties. These events can be explained by shock breakout, poorly collimated jets, and off-axis viewing. Follow-up observations of the afterglow taken in the X-ray, optical, and radio, reveal a surprisingly late flattening in the X-ray from $t = (2.61 \pm 1.27)\times 10^4$ s to $t = 1.67 ^{+1.14} _{-0.65} \times 10^6$ s. We fit the data to closure relations describing the synchrotron emission, finding the electron spectral index to be $p = 2.42 ^{+0.44} _{-0.30}$, and evidence of late-time energy injection with coefficient $q = 0.24 ^{+0.24} _{-0.18}$. The jet half opening angle lower limit ($\theta_{j} \ge 16^{\circ}$) is inferred from the non-detection of a jet break. The launch of SVOM and Einstein Probe in 2023, should enable detection of more low luminosity events like this, providing a fuller picture of the variety of GRBs., Comment: 15 pages, 4 figures

Published
2023
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2. GRB 050826: A Subluminous Event at z=0.296 Finds Its Place in the Luminosity Distribution of Gamma-Ray Burst Afterglows

Author

Mirabal, N, Halpern J. P, and O'Brien, P. T

Subjects
Astronomy
Abstract

We present the optical identification and spectroscopy of the host galaxy of GRB 050826 at redshift z = 0.296 +/- 0.001. Image subtraction among observations obtained on three consecutive nights reveals a fading object 5 hr after the burst, confirming its identification as the optical afterglow of this event. Deep imaging shows that the optical afterglow is offset by 0.4" (1.76 kpc) from the center of its irregular host galaxy, which is typical for long-duration gamma-ray bursts. Combining these results with X-ray measurements acquired by the Swift XRT instrument, we find that GRB 050826 falls entirely within the subluminous, subenergetic group of long gamma-ray bursts at low redshift (z less than or equal to 0.3). The results are discussed in the context of models that possibly account for this trend, including the nature of the central engine, the evolution of progenitor properties as a function of redshift, and incompleteness in current gamma-ray burst samples.

Published
2007

3. SWIFT Detects a remarkable Gamma-ray Burst, GRB 060514, that introduces a New Classification Scheme

Author

Gehrels, N, Norris, J. P, Mangano, V, Barthelmy, S. D, Burrows, D. N, Granot, J, Kaneko, Y, Kouveliotou, C, Markwardt, C. B, Meszaros, P, Nakar, E, Nousek, J. A, O'Brien, P. T, Page, M, Palmer, D. M, Parsons, A. M, Roming, P. W. A, Sakamoto, T, Sarazin, C. L, Schady, P, Stamatikos, M, and Woosley, S. E

Subjects
Astronomy
Abstract

Gamma ray bursts (GFU3s) are known to come in two duration classes, separated at approx.2 s. Long bursts originate from star forming regions in galaxies, have accompanying supernovae (SNe) when near enough to observe and are likely caused by massive-star collapsars. Recent observations show that short bursts originate in regions within their host galaxies with lower star formation rates, consistent with binary neutron star (NS) or NS - black hole (BH) mergers. Moreover, although their hosts are predominantly nearby galaxies, no SNe have been so far associated with short GRBs. We report here on the bright, nearby GRB 060614 that does not fit in either class. Its approx.102 s duration groups it with long GRBs, while its temporal lag and peak luminosity fall entirely within the short GRB subclass. Moreover, very deep optical observations exclude an accompanying supernova, similar to short GRBs. This combination of a long duration event without accompanying SN poses a challenge to both a collapsar and merging NS interpretation and opens the door on a new GRB classification scheme that straddles both long and short bursts.

Published
2007

4. SWIFT Discovery of Gamma-ray Bursts without Jet Break Feature in their X-ray Afterglows

Author

Sato, G, Yamazaki, R, Sakamoto, T, Takahashi, T, Nakazawa, K, Nakamura, T, Toma, K, Hullinger, D, Tashiro, M, Parsons, A. M, Krimm, H. A, Barthelmy, S. D, Gehrels, N, Burrows, D. N, O'Brien, P. T, Osborne, J. P, Chincarini, G, and Lamb, D. Q

Subjects
Astronomy
Abstract

We analyze Swift gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) and X-ray afterglows for three GRBs with spectroscopic redshift determinations - GRB 050401, XRF 050416a, and GRB 050525a. We find that the relation between spectral peak energy and isotropic energy of prompt emissions (the Amati relation) is consistent with that for the bursts observed in pre-Swift era. However, we find that the X-ray afterglow lightcurves, which extend up to 10 - 70 days, show no sign of the jet break that is expected in the standard framework of collimated outflows. We do so by showing that none of the X-ray afterglow lightcurves in our sample satisfies the relation between the spectral and temporal indices that is predicted for the phase after jet break. The jet break time can be predicted by inverting the tight empirical relation between the peak energy of the spectrum and the collimation-corrected energy of the prompt emission (the Ghirlanda relation). We find that there are no temporal breaks within the predicted time intervals in X-ray band. This requires either that the Ghirlanda relation has a larger scatter than previously thought, that the temporal break in X-rays is masked by some additional source of X-ray emission, or that it does not happen because of some unknown reason.

Published
2007

5. GRB 130925A: an ultralong gamma ray burst with a dust-echo afterglow, and implications for the origin of the ultralong GRBs

Author

Evans, P. A., Willingale, R., Osborne, J. P., O’Brien, P. T., Tanvir, N. R., Frederiks, D. D., Pal’shin, V. D., Svinkin, D. S., Lien, A., Cummings, J., Xiong, S., Zhang, B.-B., Gotz, D., Savchenko, V., Suzuki, K., Wiersema, K., Starling, R. L. C., Castro-Tirado, A. J., Beardmore, A. P., Sanchez-Ramirez, R., Gorosabel, J., Jeong, S., Kennea, J. A., Burrows, D. N., Gehrels, N., Negoro, Hitoshi, Nakahira, Satoshi, Department of Physics and Astronomy [Leicester], University of Leicester, Astrophysique Interprétation Modélisation (AIM (UMR_7158 / UMR_E_9005 / UM_112)), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC (UMR_7164)), Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía (IAA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), Astrophysique Interprétation Modélisation (AIM (UMR7158 / UMR_E_9005 / UM_112)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Gran Telescopio Canarias, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, gamma-ray burst: general, gamma-ray burst, FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, 0103 physical sciences, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), [PHYS]Physics [physics], Physics, X-ray astronomy, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Echo (computing), Astronomy, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Gamma-ray astronomy, Afterglow, Spectral emission, Space and Planetary Science, Christian ministry, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], Gamma-ray burst
Abstract

著者人数: 27名, Accepted: 2014-07-21, 資料番号: SA1140164000

Published
2014
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6. Gamma-ray burst science in the era of the Cherenkov Telescope Array

Author

Inoue, S., Granot, J., O'Brien, P. T., Asano, K., Bouvier, A., Carosi, A., Connaughton, V., Garczarczyk, M., Gilmore, R., Hinton, J., Inoue, Y., Ioka, K., Kakuwa, J., Markoff, S., Murase, K., Osborne, J. P., Otte, A. N., Starling, R., Tajima, H., Teshima, M., Toma, K., Wagner, S., R. A. M., Williams, D. A., Yamamoto, T., Yamazaki, R., Cta, Consortium, Acharya, B. S., Actis, M., Aghajani, T., Bissaldi, Elisabetta, High Energy Astrophys. & Astropart. Phys (API, FNWI), S., Inoue, J., Granot, P. T., O'Brien, K., Asano, A., Bouvier, A., Carosi, V., Connaughton, M., Garczarczyk, R., Gilmore, J., Hinton, Y., Inoue, K., Ioka, J., Kakuwa, S., Markoff, K., Murase, J. P., Osborne, A. N., Otte, R., Starling, H., Tajima, M., Teshima, K., Toma, S., Wagner, R. A., M., D. A., William, T., Yamamoto, R., Yamazaki, Cta, Consortium, Acharya, B. S., Actis, M., Aghajani, T., and Bissaldi, Elisabetta

Subjects
Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO), Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, FOS: Physical sciences, Cosmic ray, Cherenkov telescopes, Astrophysics, Gamma-ray bursts, High-energy gamma rays, Cosmic Rays, cosmology: observations, Cosmic Ray, 01 natural sciences, Observatory, Observational cosmology, 0103 physical sciences, Gamma-ray burst, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), Physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astronomy, Astronomy and Astrophysics, High-energy gamma ray, Cherenkov Telescope Array, observations [cosmology], Cherenkov telescope, Extragalactic background light, Intergalactic travel, Neutrino, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract

We outline the science prospects for gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) with the Cherenkov Telescope Array (CTA), the next-generation ground-based gamma-ray observatory operating at energies above few tens of GeV. With its low energy threshold, large effective area and rapid slewing capabilities, CTA will be able to measure the spectra and variability of GRBs at multi-GeV energies with unprecedented photon statistics, and thereby break new ground in elucidating the physics of GRBs, which is still poorly understood. Such measurements will also provide crucial diagnostics of ultra-high-energy cosmic ray and neutrino production in GRBs, advance observational cosmology by probing the high-redshift extragalactic background light and intergalactic magnetic fields, and contribute to fundamental physics by testing Lorentz invariance violation with high precision. Aiming to quantify these goals, we present some simulated observations of GRB spectra and light curves, together with estimates of their detection rates with CTA. Although the expected detection rate is modest, of order a few GRBs per year, hundreds or more high-energy photons per burst may be attainable once they are detected. We also address various issues related to following up alerts from satellites and other facilities with CTA, as well as follow-up observations at other wavelengths. The possibility of discovering and observing GRBs from their onset including short GRBs during a wide-field survey mode is also briefly discussed., Astroparticle Physics, in press, for the special issue on "Physics with the Cherenkov Telescope Array"; 28 pages, 19 figures; replaced with cosmetically revised version

Published
2013

7. The Swift Prompt Sample.

Author

O'Brien, P. T., Willingale, R., Osborne, J., Goad, M. R., Page, K. L., Beardmore, A. P., Godet, O., Burrows, D. N., and Gehrels, N.

Subjects
*GAMMA ray bursts, *GAMMA rays, *GAMMA ray telescopes, *X-ray telescopes, *ASTRONOMY, *PHYSICS
Abstract

We have analysed BAT and XRT data for 40 gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) observed using the Swift satellite. The earliest X-ray light curve can be well described by an exponential which relaxes into a power law, often with flares superimposed. The transition time between the exponential and the power law gives a physically defined timescale for the burst duration. In most GRBs the power law decay changes to a shallower decay within the first hour. The resultant “late emission hump” can last for several tens of ks. In other bursts the late hump is weak or absent. The observed variety in light curve shape can be explained as a combination of three components: prompt emission from the central engine; afterglow; and the late hump, which may also be due to the central engine. GRBs with stronger afterglow components are more likely to have brighter early optical emission. The late emission hump can have a total fluence equivalent to that of the prompt phase. © 2006 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2006
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8. The Swift XRT: Observations of Early X-ray Afterglows.

Author

Burrows, David N., Kennea, J. A., Nousek, J. A., Osborne, J. P., O'Brien, P. T., Chincarini, G., Tagliaferri, G., Giommi, P., and Zhang, B.

Subjects
X-ray telescopes, OPTICAL instruments, ASTRONOMICAL instruments, SPECTRUM analysis, ASTRONOMY, PHYSICS
Abstract

During the first year of operations of the Swift observatory, the X-ray Telescope has made a number of discoveries concerning the nature of X-ray afterglows of both long and short GRBs. We highlight the key findings, which include rapid declines at early times, a standard template of afterglow light curve shapes, common flaring, and the discovery of the first short GRB afterglow. © 2006 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2006
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9. GRB 050421: A possible naked burst with X-ray flares.

Author

Godet, O., Page, K. L., Osborne, J. P., O'Brien, P. T., Beardmore, A. P., and Goad, M. R.

Subjects
GAMMA ray bursts, SPECTRUM analysis, GAMMA rays, X-rays, ASTRONOMY, PHYSICS
Abstract

We present Swift observations of the faint burst GRB 050421. The X-ray light-curve shows two flares: the first peaking at ∼ 110 s after the BAT trigger (T0) and the second one peaking at ∼ 154 s. We argue that the mechanism producing these flares is probably late internal shocks. The X-ray light-curve is consistent with a power-law with a temporal index α1 ∼ 3.1. The X-ray flux decays from ∼ 10-9 erg cm-2 s-1 at T0 + 100 s to < 7 × 10-13 erg cm-2 s-1 at T0 + 1000 s. An X-ray spectral softening is also observed with time from β ∼ 0.1 to ∼ 1.2, where β is the spectral index such as Fv ∝ v-βt-α. A good joint fit to the BAT and XRT spectra indicates that the early X-ray and Gamma-ray emissions are produced by the same mechanism. The X-ray spectral softening is likely due to a shift down to lower energies of the peak of the prompt emission, and the rapid decline of the X-ray emission is probably the tail of the prompt emission. This suggests that the X-ray emission is completely dominated by high latitude radiation and the external shock, if any, is extremely faint and below the detection threshold. GRB 050421 is likely the first “naked burst” detected by Swift. © 2006 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2006
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10. A Tale of Two Faint Bursts: GRB 050223 and GRB 050911.

Author

Page, K. L., Barthelmy, S. D., Beardmore, A. P., Burrows, D. N., Campana, S., Chincharini, G., Cummings, J. R., Cusumano, G., Gehrels, N., Giommi, P., Goad, M. R., Godet, O., Graham, J., Kaneko, Y., Kennea, J. A., Mangano, V., Markwardt, C. B., O'Brien, P. T., Osborne, J. P., and Reichart, D. E.

Subjects
GAMMA ray bursts, GAMMA rays, OPTICAL instruments, REDSHIFT, ASTRONOMY, PHYSICS
Abstract

GRBs 050223 and 050911 were discovered by the Swift Burst Alert Telescope (BAT) on 23rd February and 11th September 2005 respectively. The observation of GRB 050223 showed a faint, fading X-ray source, which was identified as the afterglow; GRB 050911, however, was not detected, making any X-ray afterglow extremely faint. The faintness of the afterglow of GRB 050223 could be explained by a large opening or viewing angle, or by the burst being at high redshift. The non-detection of GRB 050911 may indicate the burst occurred in a low-density environment, or, alternatively, was due to a compact object merger, in spite of the apparent long duration of the burst. © 2006 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2006
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11. Late-Time X-ray Flares during GRB Afterglows: Extended Internal Engine Activity.

Author

Falcone, A. D., Burrows, D. N., Romano, P., Kobayashi, S., Lazzati, D., Zhang, B., Campana, S., Chincarini, G., Cusumano, G., Gehrels, N., Giommi, P., Goad, M. R., Godet, O., Hill, J. E., Kennea, J. A., Mészáros, P., Morris, D., Nousek, J. A., O'Brien, P. T., and Osborne, J. P.

Subjects
GAMMA ray bursts, X-rays, GAMMA rays, IONIZING radiation, ASTRONOMY, PHYSICS
Abstract

Observations of gamma ray bursts (GRBs) with Swift produced the initially surprising result that many bursts have large X-ray flares superimposed on the underlying afterglow. These flares were sometimes intense, rapid, and late relative to the nominal prompt phase. The most intense of these flares was observed by XRT with a flux > 500× the afterglow. This burst then surprised observers by flaring again after > 10000 s. The intense flare can be most easily understood within the context of the standard fireball model, if the internal engine that powers the prompt GRB emission is still active at late times. Recent observations indicate that X-ray flares are detected in ∼1/3 of XRT detected afterglows. By studying the properties of the varieties of flares (such as rise/fall time, onset time, spectral variability, etc.) and relating them to overall burst properties, models of flare production and the GRB internal engine can be constrained. © 2006 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2006
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12. A new analysis of the short-duration, hard-spectrum GRB 051103, a possible extragalactic soft gamma repeater giant flare.

Author

Hurley, K., Rowlinson, A., Bellm, E., Perley, D., Mitrofanov, I. G., Golovin, D. V., Kozyrev, A. S., Litvak, M. L., Sanin, A. B., Boynton, W., Fellows, C., Harshmann, K., Ohno, M., Yamaoka, K., Nakagawa, Y. E., Smith, D. M., Cline, T., Tanvir, N. R., O'Brien, P. T., and Wiersema, K.

Subjects
SPECTRUM analysis, ASTRONOMY, GALAXIES, EXTRAGALACTIC distances, SUPERNOVA remnants
Abstract

GRB 051103 is considered to be a candidate soft gamma repeater (SGR) extragalactic giant magnetar flare by virtue of its proximity on the sky to M81/M82, as well as its time history, localization and energy spectrum. We have derived a refined interplanetary network localization for this burst which reduces the size of the error box by over a factor of 2. We examine its time history for evidence of a periodic component, which would be one signature of an SGR giant flare, and conclude that this component is neither detected nor detectable under reasonable assumptions. We analyse the time-resolved energy spectra of this event with improved time and energy resolution, and conclude that although the spectrum is very hard its temporal evolution at late times cannot be determined, which further complicates the giant flare association. We also present new optical observations reaching limiting magnitudes of , about 4-mag deeper than previously reported. In tandem with serendipitous observations of M81 taken immediately before and 1 month after the burst, these place strong constraints on any rapidly variable sources in the region of the refined error ellipse proximate to M81. We do not find any convincing afterglow candidates from either background galaxies or sources in M81, although within the refined error region we do locate two UV bright star-forming regions which may host SGRs. A supernova remnant (SNR) within the error ellipse could provide further support for an SGR giant flare association, but we were unable to identify any SNR within the error ellipse. These data still do not allow strong constraints on the nature of the GRB 051103 progenitor, and suggest that candidate extragalactic SGR giant flares will be difficult, although not impossible, to confirm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2010
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13. Can X-ray emission powered by a spinning-down magnetar explain some gamma-ray burst light-curve features?

Author

Lyons, N., O'Brien, P. T., Zhang, B., Willingale, R., Troja, E., and Starling, R. L. C.

Subjects
*STELLAR magnetic fields, *ASTRONOMY, *SUPERGIANT stars, *ASTRONOMICAL spectroscopy, *GRAPHIC methods
Abstract

Long-duration gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are thought to be produced by the core-collapse of a rapidly rotating massive star. This event generates a highly relativistic jet and prompt gamma-ray and X-ray emission arises from internal shocks in the jet or magnetized outflows. If the stellar core does not immediately collapse to a black hole, it may form an unstable, highly magnetized millisecond pulsar or magnetar. As it spins down, the magnetar would inject energy into the jet causing a distinctive bump in the GRB light curve where the emission becomes fairly constant followed by a steep decay when the magnetar collapses. We assume that the collapse of a massive star to a magnetar can launch the initial jet. By automatically fitting the X-ray light curves of all GRBs observed by the Swift satellite, we identified a subset of bursts which have a feature in their light curves which we call an internal plateau – unusually constant emission followed by a steep decay – which may be powered by a magnetar. We use the duration and luminosity of this internal plateau to place limits on the magnetar spin period and magnetic field strength, and find that they are consistent with the most extreme predicted values for magnetars. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2010
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14. Going out with a bang: compact object collisions resulting from supernovae in binary systems.

Author

Troja, E., Wynn, G. A., O'Brien, P. T., and Rosswog, S.

Subjects
NEUTRON stars, COMPACT objects (Astronomy), PULSARS, STARS, ASTRONOMY
Abstract

Binary star systems containing a neutron star or a black hole with an evolved, massive star are dynamically perturbed when the latter undergoes a supernova explosion. It is possible that the natal kick received by the newly formed neutron star in the supernova may place the stellar remnants into a bound, highly eccentric orbit. In this case, the two compact objects can tidally interact and spiral into one another on a short time-scale. The interaction with an accretion disc of supernova debris is also considered. We quantify the likelihood of such events and show that they would be expected to produce a high-energy transient, possibly a short gamma-ray burst, typically within a few days of the supernova. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2010
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15. Constraining the energy budget of GRB 080721.

Author

Starling, R. L. C., Rol, E., van der Horst, A. J., Yoon, S.-C., Pal'shin, V., Ledoux, C., Page, K. L., Fynbo, J. P. U., Wiersema, K., Tanvir, N. R., Jakobsson, P., Guidorzi, C., Curran, P. A., Levan, A. J., O'Brien, P. T., Osborne, J. P., Svinkin, D., de Ugarte Postigo, A., Oosting, T., and Howarth, I. D.

Subjects
ASTRONOMY, GEOPHYSICS, ENERGY budget (Geophysics), X-rays, PHYSICAL sciences
Abstract

We follow the bright, highly energetic afterglow of Swift-discovered GRB 080721 at out to 36 d or since the trigger in the optical and X-ray bands. We do not detect a break in the late-time light curve inferring a limit on the opening angle of and setting tight constraints on the total energy budget of the burst of erg within the fireball model. To obey the fireball model closure relations, the gamma-ray burst (GRB) jet must be expanding into a homogeneous surrounding medium and likely lies behind a significant column of dust. The energy constraint we derive can be used as an observational input for models of the progenitors of long GRBs: we discuss how such high collimation-corrected energies could be accommodated with certain parameters of the standard massive star core-collapse models. We can, however, most probably rule out a magnetar progenitor for this GRB which would require 100 per cent efficiency to reach the observed total energy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2009
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16. The extreme, red afterglow of GRB 060923A: distance or dust?

Author

Tanvir, N. R., Levan, A. J., Rol, E., Starling, R. L. C., Gorosabel, J., Priddey, R. S., Malesani, D., Jakobsson, P., O'Brien, P. T., Jaunsen, A. O., Hjorth, J., Fynbo, J. P. U., Melandri, A., Gomboc, A., Milvang-Jensen, B., Fruchter, A. S., Jarvis, M., Fernandes, C. A. C., and Wold, T.

Subjects
ASTRONOMY, ASTRONOMICAL spectroscopy, GALAXIES, GAMMA rays, REDSHIFT
Abstract

Gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are powerful probes of the early Universe, but locating and identifying very distant GRBs remain challenging. We report here the discovery of the K-band afterglow of Swift GRB 060923A, imaged within the first hour post-burst, and the faintest so far found. It was not detected in any bluer bands to deep limits, making it a candidate very high- z burst . However, our later-time optical imaging and spectroscopy reveal a faint galaxy coincident with the GRB position which, if it is the host, implies a more moderate redshift (most likely ) and therefore that dust is the likely cause of the very red-afterglow colour. This being the case, it is one of the few instances so far found of a GRB afterglow with high-dust extinction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2008
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17. Different progenitors of short hard gamma-ray bursts.

Author

Troja, E., King, A. R., O'Brien, P. T., Lyons, N., and Cusumano, G.

Subjects
STARS, NEUTRON stars, GAMMA ray astronomy, SUPERMASSIVE black holes, ASTRONOMY
Abstract

We consider the spatial offsets of short hard gamma-ray bursts (SHBs) from their host galaxies. We show that all SHBs with extended-duration soft emission components lie very close to their hosts. We suggest that neutron star–black hole binary mergers offer a natural explanation for the properties of this extended-duration/low-offset group. SHBs with large offsets have no observed extended emission components and are less likely to have an optically detected afterglow, properties consistent with neutron star–neutron star binary mergers occurring in low-density environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2008
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18. The broad emission lines in the active galactic nucleus Fairall 9.

Author

Nazarova, L. S., Bochkarev, N. G., and O'brien, P. T.

Subjects
GALAXIES, ASTRONOMY, IONIZATION (Atomic physics), CLOUDS, ELECTRON distribution, GEOMETRY
Abstract

This paper reports on a study of UV and optical spectra of the active galaxy Fairall 9 taken as a part of the International AGN Watch database. CIV/Lyα, Lyα/Hß and Hα/Hß ratios have been measured at different radial velocities, which are varied across the line profiles. The ratio Lyα/Hß is low in the low-velocity centre of the lines, but increases a little in the high-velocity wings. The CIV/Lα and Hα/Hß line intensities ratios, however, are high at the line centre but become low in the wings. Modelling with the photoionization code CLOUDY shows that the observed line ratios can be described by two systems of clouds. One corresponds to the high-ionization line zone (HIL) with an electron density, ne∼ 108-10 cm-3. It is presumably located above the accretion disk or in the jets. The other system corresponds to the low-ionization line zone (LIL), which is probably a part of the accretion disk and which has a higher electron density, ne∼ 1012-13 cm-3. The possible geometry of the BLR in Fairall 9 is discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2007
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19. XMM–Newton observations of seven soft X-ray excess quasi-stellar objects.

Author

Page, K. L., Schartel, N., Turner, M. J. L., and O'Brien, P. T.

Subjects
GALACTIC nuclei, QUASARS, RADIO sources (Astronomy), RADIO astronomy, GALAXIES, STARS, ASTROPHYSICS, ASTRONOMY
Abstract

XMM–Newton observations of seven quasi-stellar objects (QSOs) are presented and the EPIC spectra analysed. Five of the active galactic nuclei (AGN) show evidence for Fe Kα emission, with three being slightly better fitted by lines of finite width; at the 99 per cent level they are consistent with being intrinsically narrow, though. The broad-band spectra can be well modelled by a combination of different temperature blackbodies (BBs) with a power law, with temperatures between and 300 eV. On the whole, these temperatures are too high to be direct thermal emission from the accretion disc, so a Comptonization model was used as a more physical parametrization. The Comptonizing electron population forms the soft excess emission, with an electron temperature of ∼120–680 eV. Power-law, thermal plasma and disc BB models were also fitted to the soft X-ray excess. Of the sample, four of the active galactic nuclei are radio quiet and three radio loud. The radio-quiet QSOs may have slightly stronger soft excesses, although the electron temperatures cover the same range for both groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2004
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20. XMM–Newton observations of 3C 273.

Author

Page, K. L., Turner, M. J. L., Done, C., O'Brien, P T., Reeves, J. N., Sembay, S., and Stuhlinger, M.

Subjects
ARTIFICIAL satellites, QUASARS, RADIO sources (Astronomy), GALAXIES, ASTRONOMY, SPECTROMETERS
Abstract

A series of nine XMM–Newton observations of the radio-loud quasar 3C 273 are presented, concentrating mainly on the soft excess. Although most of the individual observations do not show evidence for iron emission, co-adding them reveals a weak, broad line (EW ∼56 eV). The soft excess component is found to vary, confirming previous work, and can be well fitted with multiple blackbody components, with temperatures ranging between ∼40 and ∼330 eV, together with a power law. Alternatively, a Comptonization model also provides a good fit, with a mean electron temperature of ∼350 eV, although this value is higher when the soft excess is more luminous over the 0.5–10 keV energy band. In the reflection grating spectrometer spectrum of 3C 273, a strong detection of the O vii Heα absorption line at zero redshift is made; this may originate in warm gas in the local intergalactic medium, consistent with the findings of both Fang, Sembach & Canizares and Rasmussen, Kahn & Paerels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2004
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21. Exploration of the high-redshift universe enabled by THESEUS

Author

Lajos G. Balázs, E. Le Floc'h, René Hudec, Ehud Behar, Giancarlo Ghirlanda, Valentina D'Odorico, Silvia Zane, J. P. Osborne, P. T. O'Brien, Stéphane Paltani, Dorottya Szécsi, A. Gomboc, B. Ciardi, Lise Christensen, U. Maio, Yuji Urata, Sandro Mereghetti, Ruben Salvaterra, F. Frontera, E. Piedipalumbo, Sergio Campana, Joseph Caruana, Olga Sergijenko, Pasquier Noterdaeme, A. De Cia, Lorenzo Amati, Diego Götz, Elizabeth R. Stanway, L. V. Toth, S. D. Vergani, M. de Pasquale, Nial R. Tanvir, Z. Bagoly, L. Graziani, M. Della Valle, S. Basa, Piero Rosati, István T. Horváth, Astrophysique Interprétation Modélisation (AIM (UMR7158 / UMR_E_9005 / UM_112)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris (IAP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Marseille (LAM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherches sur les lois Fondamentales de l'Univers (IRFU), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Galaxies, Etoiles, Physique, Instrumentation (GEPI), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Tanvir, N. R., Le Floc'h, E., Christensen, L., Caruana, J., Salvaterra, R., Ghirlanda, G., Ciardi, B., Maio, U., D'Odorico, V., Piedipalumbo, E., Campana, S., Noterdaeme, P., Graziani, L., Amati, L., Bagoly, Z., Balazs, L. G., Basa, S., Behar, E., De Cia, A., Valle, M. D., De Pasquale, M., Frontera, F., Gomboc, A., Gotz, D., Horvath, I., Hudec, R., Mereghetti, S., O'Brien, P. T., Osborne, J. P., Paltani, S., Rosati, P., Sergijenko, O., Stanway, E. R., Szecsi, D., Toth, L. V., Urata, Y., Vergani, S., Zane, S., Astrophysique Interprétation Modélisation (AIM (UMR_7158 / UMR_E_9005 / UM_112)), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Abundances, Gamma-ray bursts, Reionization, Star forming galaxies, Abundances, Gamma-ray bursts, Reionization, Star forming galaxies, PEAK ENERGY, Metallicity, media_common.quotation_subject, MASS-METALLICITY RELATION, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, DUST FORMATION, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, NO, GAMMA-RAY BURST, X-ray astronomy, NEUTRAL FRACTION, LY-ALPHA, Abundance, 0103 physical sciences, LYMAN-ALPHA EMISSION, Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), Gamma-ray burst, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, Luminosity function (astronomy), media_common, Physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Star formation, Astronomy, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Redshift, Galaxy, Universe, Cosmology, Stars, 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, POPULATION III, NO EVIDENCE, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, COSMIC REIONIZATION
Abstract

At peak, long-duration gamma-ray bursts are the most luminous sources of electromagnetic radiation known. Since their progenitors are massive stars, they provide a tracer of star formation and star-forming galaxies over the whole of cosmic history. Their bright power-law afterglows provide ideal backlights for absorption studies of the interstellar and intergalactic medium back to the reionization era. The proposed THESEUS mission is designed to detect large samples of GRBs at $z>6$ in the 2030s, at a time when supporting observations with major next generation facilities will be possible, thus enabling a range of transformative science. THESEUS will allow us to explore the faint end of the luminosity function of galaxies and the star formation rate density to high redshifts; constrain the progress of re-ionisation beyond $z\gtrsim6$; study in detail early chemical enrichment from stellar explosions, including signatures of Population III stars; and potentially characterize the dark energy equation of state at the highest redshifts., Submitted to Experimental Astronomy

Published
2021
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22. Observational constraints on the optical and near-infrared emission from the neutron star-black hole binary merger S190814bv

Author

F. D'Ammando, Mattia Bulla, A. Fiore, P. T. O'Brien, Patricia Schady, T. Heikkilä, Matt Nicholl, Giorgos Leloudas, K. C. Chambers, Luciano Nicastro, Riccardo Ciolfi, Michela Mapelli, Armin Rest, R. Cutter, Tassilo Schweyer, J. Gillanders, G. De Cesare, Lorenzo Amati, L. Nuttal, Lána Salmon, Nancy Elias-Rosa, O. McBrien, A. Grado, David Alexander Kann, Ruben Salvaterra, P. D'Avanzo, M. T. Botticella, Johan P. U. Fynbo, M. G. Bernardini, Francesco Longo, Danny Steeghs, S. X. Yi, Peter G. Jonker, Eliana Palazzi, Y. D. Hu, Zhi-Ping Jin, Seppo Mattila, A. Gomboc, G. Ghirlanda, Alexis Coleiro, Sylvain Chaty, S. Yang, Elizabeth R. Stanway, D. R. Young, Rubina Kotak, Luca Izzo, Franz E. Bauer, Massimo Turatto, Christa Gall, A. Melandri, Eric Thrane, S. R. Oates, Francesca Onori, S. Srivastav, M. Branchesi, Michael S. Smith, Christopher W. Stubbs, Vincenzo Testa, Anders Jerkstrand, J. Japelj, Carlos González-Fernández, Elena Pian, Lluís Galbany, Luca Sbordone, Enrico Cappellaro, A. Possenti, Paul J. Groot, S. Rosetti, L. Denneau, Mark Kennedy, Jesper Sollerman, Klaas Wiersema, Chris M. Copperwheat, Cosimo Inserra, Kasper E. Heintz, E. C. Kool, M. de Pasquale, G. Greco, Krzysztof Ulaczyk, Daniel A. Perley, Om Sharan Salafia, Eugene A. Magnier, T. M. Reynolds, Andrew J. Levan, A. J. van der Horst, G. Stratta, B. Milvang-Jensen, Erkki Kankare, Darach Watson, B. Patricelli, N. B. Sabha, T. W. Chen, Kendall Ackley, Maria Letizia Pumo, Nial R. Tanvir, P. A. Evans, Michał J. Michałowski, S. Klose, R. L. C. Starling, A. J. Castro-Tirado, Sandra Savaglio, J. Quirola-Vásquez, Martin J. Dyer, Pietro Schipani, K. W. Smith, Lukasz Wyrzykowski, M. Della Valle, G. Pignata, S. D. Vergani, Jens Hjorth, A. S. B. Schultz, Mariusz Gromadzki, Saran Poshyachinda, Santiago González-Gaitán, Eugenio Maiorano, D. K. Galloway, Cesare Barbieri, V. D'Elia, Andrea Rossi, G. Ramsay, Seung-Lee Kim, Kornpob Bhirombhakdi, V. S. Dhillon, Enzo Brocato, Ilya Mandel, S. Benetti, J. D. Lyman, Sergio Campana, Fedor Getman, A. Sagués Carracedo, Kate Maguire, Arne Rau, A. S. Fruchter, John L. Tonry, B. P. Gompertz, Hanindyo Kuncarayakti, Kaj Wiik, Morgan Fraser, N. A. Walton, Stephan Rosswog, M. A.P. Torres, Claudia P. Gutiérrez, F. Ragosta, S. Piranomonte, A. Nicuesa Guelbenzu, S. H. Bruun, T. B. Lowe, M. E. Huber, S. J. Smartt, Gavin P. Lamb, S. Moran, Albino Perego, R. Eyles-Ferris, Stefano Covino, Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Perugia (INFN, Sezione di Perugia), Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Brera (OAB), Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF), Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Marseille (LAM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Departamento de Astronomía y Astrofísica [Santiago], Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile (UC), Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía (IAA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), Astrophysique Interprétation Modélisation (AIM (UMR7158 / UMR_E_9005 / UM_112)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC (UMR_7164)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Universitá degli Studi dell’Insubria = University of Insubria [Varese] (Uninsubria), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Institut de Recherches sur les lois Fondamentales de l'Univers (IRFU), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, University of Sheffield [Sheffield], COBRA Research Institute, Eindhoven University of Technology, Aberystwyth University, AUTRES, Dark Cosmology Centre (DARK), Niels Bohr Institute [Copenhagen] (NBI), Faculty of Science [Copenhagen], University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH)-University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH)-Faculty of Science [Copenhagen], University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH)-University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH), Department of Physics [Pittsburgh], Carnegie Mellon University [Pittsburgh] (CMU), United States Geological Survey [Reston] (USGS), Faculty of Mathematics and Physics [Ljubljana] (FMF), University of Ljubljana, Department of Physics [Denver], University of Colorado [Denver], Laboratoire d'Acoustique de l'Université du Mans (LAUM), Le Mans Université (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Università degli Studi di Roma 'La Sapienza' = Sapienza University [Rome] (UNIROMA), Oskar Klein Centre [Stockholm], Stockholm University, SRON Netherlands Institute for Space Research (SRON), Astrophysics Research Centre [Belfast] (ARC), Queen's University [Belfast] (QUB), Finnish Centre for Astronomy with ESO (FINCA), University of Turku, Institut Lavoisier de Versailles (ILV), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Scottish Universities Physics Alliance, Institute for Astronomy (SUPA), University of Edinburgh, Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences – Production, Landscape, Agroenergy, Università degli Studi di Milano = University of Milan (UNIMI), Universidad Nacional de Entre Ríos [Argentine] (UNER), Istituto di Astrofisica Spaziale e Fisica Cosmica - Milano (IASF-MI), INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma (OAR), INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Cagliari (OAC), Max-Planck-Institut für Extraterrestrische Physik (MPE), Bioénergétique fondamentale et appliquée, Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca = University of Milano-Bicocca (UNIMIB), University College Dublin [Dublin] (UCD), INAF-IASF Milano, Università della Calabria [Arcavacata di Rende] (Unical), INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Capodimonte (OAC), Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI), National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research [Wellington] (NIWA), Centre d'étude spatiale des rayonnements (CESR), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Minnesota System, INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova (OAPD), Astronomical Observatory [Warsaw], Faculty of Physics [Warsaw] (FUW), University of Warsaw (UW)-University of Warsaw (UW), Astronomical Institute Anton Pannekoek (AI PANNEKOEK), University of Amsterdam [Amsterdam] (UvA), Galaxies, Etoiles, Physique, Instrumentation (GEPI), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institute of Astronomy [Cambridge], University of Cambridge [UK] (CAM), Department of Physics and Astronomy [Leicester], University of Leicester, UniVersity, Nano Science and Technology Program, Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong UniVersity of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (HKUST), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES), Astrophysique Interprétation Modélisation (AIM (UMR_7158 / UMR_E_9005 / UM_112)), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), Universitá degli Studi dell’Insubria, University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU)-University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU)-Faculty of Science [Copenhagen], University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU)-University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU), Università degli Studi di Roma 'La Sapienza' = Sapienza University [Rome], University of Milan, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca [Milano] (UNIMIB), Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Ackley, K., Amati, L., Barbieri, C., Bauer, F. E., Benetti, S., Bernardini, M. G., Bhirombhakdi, K., Botticella, M. T., Branchesi, M., Brocato, E., Bruun, S. H., Bulla, M., Campana, S., Cappellaro, E., Castro-Tirado, A. J., Chambers, K. C., Chaty, S., Chen, T. -W., Ciolfi, R., Coleiro, A., Copperwheat, C. M., Covino, S., Cutter, R., D'Ammando, F., D'Avanzo, P., De Cesare, G., D'Elia, V., Della Valle, M., Denneau, L., De Pasquale, M., Dhillon, V. S., Dyer, M. J., Elias-Rosa, N., Evans, P. A., Eyles-Ferris, R. A. J., Fiore, A., Fraser, M., Fruchter, A. S., Fynbo, J. P. U., Galbany, L., Gall, C., Galloway, D. K., Getman, F. I., Ghirlanda, G., Gillanders, J. H., Gomboc, A., Gompertz, B. P., Gonzalez-Fernandez, C., Gonzalez-Gaitan, S., Grado, A., Greco, G., Gromadzki, M., Groot, P. J., Gutierrez, C. P., Heikkila, T., Heintz, K. E., Hjorth, J., Hu, Y. -D., Huber, M. E., Inserra, C., Izzo, L., Japelj, J., Jerkstrand, A., Jin, Z. P., Jonker, P. G., Kankare, E., Kann, D. A., Kennedy, M., Kim, S., Klose, S., Kool, E. C., Kotak, R., Kuncarayakti, H., Lamb, G. P., Leloudas, G., Levan, A. J., Longo, F., Lowe, T. B., Lyman, J. D., Magnier, E., Maguire, K., Maiorano, E., Mandel, I., Mapelli, M., Mattila, S., Mcbrien, O. R., Melandri, A., Michalowski, M. J., Milvang-Jensen, B., Moran, S., Nicastro, L., Nicholl, M., Nicuesa Guelbenzu, A., Nuttal, L., Oates, S. R., O'Brien, P. T., Onori, F., Palazzi, E., Patricelli, B., Perego, A., Torres, M. A. P., Perley, D. A., Pian, E., Pignata, G., Piranomonte, S., Poshyachinda, S., Possenti, A., Pumo, M. L., Quirola-Vasquez, J., Ragosta, F., Ramsay, G., Rau, A., Rest, A., Reynolds, T. M., Rosetti, S. S., Rossi, A., Rosswog, S., Sabha, N. B., Sagues Carracedo, A., Salafia, O. S., Salmon, L., Salvaterra, R., Savaglio, S., Sbordone, L., Schady, P., Schipani, P., Schultz, A. S. B., Schweyer, T., Smartt, S. J., Smith, K. W., Smith, M., Sollerman, J., Srivastav, S., Stanway, E. R., Starling, R. L. C., Steeghs, D., Stratta, G., Stubbs, C. W., Tanvir, N. R., Testa, V., Thrane, E., Tonry, J. L., Turatto, M., Ulaczyk, K., Van Der Horst, A. J., Vergani, S. D., Walton, N. A., Watson, D., Wiersema, K., Wiik, K., Wyrzykowski, L., Yang, S., Yi, S. -X., Young, D. R., National Aeronautics and Space Administration (US), University of Hawaii, Queen's University Belfast, Space Telescope Science Institute (US), National Research Foundation (South Africa), National Astronomical Research Institute of Thailand, University of Portsmouth, Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias, Science and Technology Facilities Council (UK), Ministerio de Economía, Fomento y Turismo (Chile), Comisión Nacional de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica (Chile), Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), European Commission, Danish National Research Foundation, Alexander von Humboldt Foundation, Villum Fonden, Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (Portugal), Polish National Agency for Academic Exchange, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Le Mans Université (UM), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Low Energy Astrophysics (API, FNWI), and API Other Research (FNWI)

Subjects
Astronomy, ELECTROMAGNETIC COUNTERPARTS, Supernovae: general, general [Supernovae], Binary number, Astrophysics, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, GW170817, neutron, Supernovae: general [Gravitational waves, Stars], 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, QC, QB, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), Physics, astro-ph.HE, [PHYS]Physics [physics], HAWK-I, [SDU.ASTR]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], [SDU.ASTR.HE]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena [astro-ph.HE], EJECTA, Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, GRAVITATIONAL-WAVE SOURCE, ST/P000495/1, Space Science, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Gravitational wave, astro-ph.SR, astro-ph.GA, FOS: Physical sciences, Context (language use), MASS, NO, GAMMA-RAY BURST, Gravitational waves, 0103 physical sciences, ST/T007184/1, Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR), STFC, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Near-infrared spectroscopy, KILONOVA, RCUK, Stars: neutron, Astronomy and Astrophysics, neutron [Stars], R-PROCESS NUCLEOSYNTHESIS, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies, EVOLUTION, Black hole, Neutron star, Space and Planetary Science, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA), ST/P000312/1, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], Gravitational waves, Stars: neutron, Supernovae: general
Abstract

Open Access article, published by EDP Sciences, under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.--Full list of authors: Ackley, K.; Amati, L.; Barbieri, C.; Bauer, F. E.; Benetti, S.; Bernardini, M. G.; Bhirombhakdi, K.; Botticella, M. T.; Branchesi, M.; Brocato, E.; Bruun, S. H.; Bulla, M.; Campana, S.; Cappellaro, E.; Castro-Tirado, A. J.; Chambers, K. C.; Chaty, S.; Chen, T. -W.; Ciolfi, R.; Coleiro, A.; Copperwheat, C. M.; Covino, S.; Cutter, R.; D'Ammando, F.; D'Avanzo, P.; De Cesare, G.; D'Elia, V.; Della Valle, M.; Denneau, L.; De Pasquale, M.; Dhillon, V. S.; Dyer, M. J.; Elias-Rosa, N.; Evans, P. A.; Eyles-Ferris, R. A. J.; Fiore, A.; Fraser, M.; Fruchter, A. S.; Fynbo, J. P. U.; Galbany, L.; Gall, C.; Galloway, D. K.; Getman, F. I.; Ghirlanda, G.; Gillanders, J. H.; Gomboc, A.; Gompertz, B. P.; González-Fernández, C.; González-Gaitán, S.; Grado, A.; Greco, G.; Gromadzki, M.; Groot, P. J.; Gutiérrez, C. P.; Heikkilä, T.; Heintz, K. E.; Hjorth, J.; Hu, Y. -D.; Huber, M. E.; Inserra, C.; Izzo, L.; Japelj, J.; Jerkstrand, A.; Jin, Z. P.; Jonker, P. G.; Kankare, E.; Kann, D. A.; Kennedy, M.; Kim, S.; Klose, S.; Kool, E. C.; Kotak, R.; Kuncarayakti, H.; Lamb, G. P.; Leloudas, G.; Levan, A. J.; Longo, F.; Lowe, T. B.; Lyman, J. D.; Magnier, E.; Maguire, K.; Maiorano, E.; Mandel, I.; Mapelli, M.; Mattila, S.; McBrien, O. R.; Melandri, A.; Michałowski, M. J.; Milvang-Jensen, B.; Moran, S.; Nicastro, L.; Nicholl, M.; Nicuesa Guelbenzu, A.; Nuttal, L.; Oates, S. R.; O'Brien, P. T.; Onori, F.; Palazzi, E.; Patricelli, B.; Perego, A.; Torres, M. A. P.; Perley, D. A.; Pian, E.; Pignata, G.; Piranomonte, S.; Poshyachinda, S.; Possenti, A.; Pumo, M. L.; Quirola-Vásquez, J.; Ragosta, F.; Ramsay, G.; Rau, A.; Rest, A.; Reynolds, T. M.; Rosetti, S. S.; Rossi, A.; Rosswog, S.; Sabha, N. B.; Sagués Carracedo, A.; Salafia, O. S.; Salmon, L.; Salvaterra, R.; Savaglio, S.; Sbordone, L.; Schady, P.; Schipani, P.; Schultz, A. S. B.; Schweyer, T.; Smartt, S. J.; Smith, K. W.; Smith, M.; Sollerman, J.; Srivastav, S.; Stanway, E. R.; Starling, R. L. C.; Steeghs, D.; Stratta, G.; Stubbs, C. W.; Tanvir, N. R.; Testa, V.; Thrane, E.; Tonry, J. L.; Turatto, M.; Ulaczyk, K.; van der Horst, A. J.; Vergani, S. D.; Walton, N. A.; Watson, D.; Wiersema, K.; Wiik, K.; Wyrzykowski, Ł.; Yang, S.; Yi, S. -X.; Young, D. R., Context. Gravitational wave (GW) astronomy has rapidly reached maturity, becoming a fundamental observing window for modern astrophysics. The coalescences of a few tens of black hole (BH) binaries have been detected, while the number of events possibly including a neutron star (NS) is still limited to a few. On 2019 August 14, the LIGO and Virgo interferometers detected a high-significance event labelled S190814bv. A preliminary analysis of the GW data suggests that the event was likely due to the merger of a compact binary system formed by a BH and a NS. Aims. In this paper, we present our extensive search campaign aimed at uncovering the potential optical and near infrared electromagnetic counterpart of S190814bv. We found no convincing electromagnetic counterpart in our data. We therefore use our non-detection to place limits on the properties of the putative outflows that could have been produced by the binary during and after the merger. Methods. Thanks to the three-detector observation of S190814bv, and given the characteristics of the signal, the LIGO and Virgo Collaborations delivered a relatively narrow localisation in low latency - a 50% (90%) credible area of 5 deg2 (23 deg2) - despite the relatively large distance of 267 ± 52 Mpc. ElectromagNetic counterparts of GRAvitational wave sources at the VEry Large Telescope collaboration members carried out an intensive multi-epoch, multi-instrument observational campaign to identify the possible optical and near infrared counterpart of the event. In addition, the ATLAS, GOTO, GRAWITA-VST, Pan-STARRS, and VINROUGE projects also carried out a search on this event. In this paper, we describe the combined observational campaign of these groups. Results. Our observations allow us to place limits on the presence of any counterpart and discuss the implications for the kilonova (KN), which was possibly generated by this NS-BH merger, and for the strategy of future searches. The typical depth of our wide-field observations, which cover most of the projected sky localisation probability (up to 99.8%, depending on the night and filter considered), is r ∼ 22 (resp. K ∼ 21) in the optical (resp. near infrared). We reach deeper limits in a subset of our galaxy-targeted observations, which cover a total ∼50% of the galaxy-mass-weighted localisation probability. Altogether, our observations allow us to exclude a KN with large ejecta mass M 0.1 M- to a high (> 90%) confidence, and we can exclude much smaller masses in a sub-sample of our observations. This disfavours the tidal disruption of the neutron star during the merger. Conclusions. Despite the sensitive instruments involved in the campaign, given the distance of S190814bv, we could not reach sufficiently deep limits to constrain a KN comparable in luminosity to AT 2017gfo on a large fraction of the localisation probability. This suggests that future (likely common) events at a few hundred megaparsecs will be detected only by large facilities with both a high sensitivity and large field of view. Galaxy-targeted observations can reach the needed depth over a relevant portion of the localisation probability with a smaller investment of resources, but the number of galaxies to be targeted in order to get a fairly complete coverage is large, even in the case of a localisation as good as that of this event. © K. Ackley et al. 2020., Based on observations collected at the European Southern Observatory under ESO programmes 1102.D-0353(E), 1102.D0353(F), 1102.D-0353(Q), 1102.D-0353(G), 0103.D-0070(A), 0103.D-0070(B), 0103.D-0703(A), 0103.D-0722(A), 0103.A-9099(A), 198.D-2010(D) and 60.A9285(A). ATLAS is primarily funded through NEO NASA grants NN12AR55G, 80NSSC18K0284, and 80NSSC18K1575. The ATLAS science products have been made possible through the contributions of the University of Hawaii IfA, the Queen's University Belfast, the Space Telescope Science Institute, and the South African Astronomical Observatory. PanSTARRS is primarily funded through NEO NASA grants NASA Grants NNX08AR22G, NNX14AM74G. The PanSTARRS science products for LIGO-Virgo follow-up are made possible through the contributions of the University of Hawaii IfA and the Queen's University Belfast. The Gravitational-wave Optical Transient Observer (GOTO) project acknowledges the support of the Monash-Warwick Alliance; Warwick University; Monash University; She ffield University; Leicester University; Armagh Observatory & Planetarium; the National Astronomical Research Institute of Thailand (NARIT); University of Portsmouth; Turku University and the Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias (IAC). Part of the funding for GROND was generously granted from the Leibniz-Prize to Prof. G. Hasinger (DFG grant HA 1850/28-1). The Liverpool Telescope is operated on the island of La Palma by Liverpool John Moores University in the Spanish Observatorio del Roque de los Muchachos of the Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias with financial support from the UK Science and Technology Facilities Council. The WHT and its override programme are operated on the island of La Palma by the Isaac Newton Group of Telescopes in the Spanish Observatorio del Roque de los Muchachos of the Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias; part of these data were taken under program (19A)N3. FEB thanks CONICYT Basal AFB-170002 and Chile's Ministry of Economy fund IC120009. MGB, PDA and AM acknowledge support from ASI grant I/004/11/3. MBr, EC, AP and SPi acknowledge support from MIUR (PRIN 2017 grant 20179ZF5KS). EB, EM and MT acknowledge funding from GRAWITA. SHB is indebted to the Danish National Research Foundation (DNRF132) for support. SCa acknowledges support from grant MAE0065741. EC acknowledges the support of the H2020 OPTICON programme 730890. TWC acknowledges the Humboldt Foundation and Marie Sklodowska-Curie grant 842471. MDP thanks Istanbul University for support. PAE acknowledges UKSA support. RAJEF is supported by an STFC studentship. MF is supported by a Royal Society -SFI University Research Fellowship. LG was funded by the EU H2020 programme under MSCA grant no. 839090. CG, JH and LI were supported by a research grant from VILLUM FONDEN (project 16599). CG and LI were supported by a research grant from VILLUM FONDEN (25501). GGh acknowledges the PRIN MIUR "Figaro" for financial support. AGo acknowledges financial support from the Slovenian Research Agency (grants P1-0031, I0-0033, and J1-8136). BPG, AJL and JDL acknowledge support from ERC grant 725246 (TEDE, PI Levan). SGG acknowledges support by FCT Fundacao para a Ciencia e Tecnologia and by Project PTDC/FIS-AST-31546. GGr acknowledges the ESCAPE H2020 project no. 824064. MG is supported by the Polish NCN MAESTRO grant 2014/14/A/ST9/00121. PJG acknowledges support from NOVA and from the South African NRF SARChI grant 111692. CPG and MS acknowledge support from EU/FP7-ERC grant no. 615929. KEH acknowledges support by a Project Grant from The Icelandic Research Fund. YDH acknowledges support from the China Scholarships Council. JJ acknowledges support from NOVA and NWO-FAPESP grant for instrumentation. AJ acknowledges funding from the European Research Council (ERC). ZPJ was supported by the Foundation for Distinguished Young Scholars of Jiangsu Province (no. BK20180050). PGJ acknowledges funding from the ERC under Consolidator Grant agreement no. 647208. DAK acknowledges Spanish research project RTI2018-098104-J-I00 (GRBPhot). SKl acknowledges support by DFG grant Kl 766/16-3. ECK acknowledges support from the GREAT research environment. GPL acknowledges support from STFC via grant ST/N000757/1. GL was supported by a research grant (19054) from VILLUM FONDEN. KM acknowledges support from the ERC (grant no. 758638). IM is partially supported by OzGrav (ARC project CE17010000). MMacknowledges support from ERC through ERC-2017-CoG no. 770017. MJM acknowledges the National Science Centre, Poland, grant 2018/30/E/ST9/00208. BMJ and DW are supported by Independent Research Fund Denmark grant DFF-7014-00017. MN is supported by a Royal Astronomical Society Research Fellowship. ANG acknowledges support by grant DFG Kl 766/16-3. PTOB acknowledges funding from STFC. SRO gratefully acknowledges the support of the Leverhulme Trust. FO acknowledges the support of the H2020 Hemera program, grant no. 730970. MAPT was supported by grants RYC-2015-17854 and AYA201783216-P. EP aknowledges financial support from INAF. GP is supported by the Millennium Science Initiative through grant IC120009. MLP is partially supported by a "Linea 2" project of the Catania University. JQV acknowledges support from CONICYT folio 21180886. TMR acknowledges the support of the Vilho, Yrjo and Kalle Vaisala Foundation. ARo acknowledges support from Premiale LBT 2013. SR is supported by VR grants 2016-03657_3 and the research environment grant GREAT, Dnr. 2016-06012, and the Swedish National Space board, Dnr. 107/16. OSS acknowledges the Italian Ministry of Research (MIUR) grant 1.05.06.13. LSa acknowledges the Irish Research Council Scholarship no. GOIPG/2017/1525. SJS acknowledges support from STFC Grant ST/P000312/1. ERS and DS acknowledge funding from UK STFC CG ST/P000495/1. RLCS acknowledges funding from STFC. DS acknowledges support from STFC via grant ST/T007184/1. SDV acknowledges the support of the CNES. LWsupported by Polish NCN DAINA 2017/27/L/ST9/03221. The Cosmic DAWN center is funded by the Danish National Research Foundation.

Published
2020
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23. Black hole feedback in the luminous quasar PDS 456

Author

V. Braito, D. Stern, Dominic J. Walton, Martin Ward, Ehud Behar, Guido Risaliti, William W. Craig, James Reeves, M. Costa, Giorgio Matt, Fiona A. Harrison, Steven E. Boggs, G. Matzeu, Emanuele Nardini, Jon M. Miller, T. J. Turner, Finn Erland Christensen, C. J. Hailey, P. T. O'Brien, J. Gofford, Nardini, E., Reeves, J. N., Gofford, J., Harrison, F. A., Risaliti, G., Braito, V., Costa, M. T., Matzeu, G. A., Walton, D. J., Behar, E., Boggs, S. E., Christensen, F. E., Craig, W. W., Hailey, C. J., Matt, Giorgio, Miller, J. M., O'Brien, P. T., Stern, D., Turner, T. J., and Ward, M. J.

Subjects
Physics, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), Supermassive black hole, Multidisciplinary, Active galactic nucleus, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astronomy, FOS: Physical sciences, Quasar, Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Galaxy, Black hole, Intermediate-mass black hole, Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Stellar black hole, Spin-flip, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics
Abstract

The evolution of galaxies is connected to the growth of supermassive black holes in their centers. During the quasar phase, a huge luminosity is released as matter falls onto the black hole, and radiation-driven winds can transfer most of this energy back to the host galaxy. Over five different epochs, we detected the signatures of a nearly spherical stream of highly ionized gas in the broadband X-ray spectra of the luminous quasar PDS 456. This persistent wind is expelled at relativistic speeds from the inner accretion disk, and its wide aperture suggests an effective coupling with the ambient gas. The outflow's kinetic power larger than 10^46 ergs per second is enough to provide the feedback required by models of black hole and host galaxy co-evolution., Published in Science on February 20: http://www.sciencemag.org/content/347/6224/860.abstract (This is the author's version: 29 pages, 8 figures, 3 tables, including Supplementary Material)

Published
2015
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