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Objective: To evaluate the effect of low-dose aspirin therapy on ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) in an unselected group of patients undergoing in vitro fertilization (IVF)., Design: Randomized clinical trial., Setting: Division of Reproductive Medicine at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Pécs, Faculty of Medicine, Pécs, Hungary., Patient(s): Patients who underwent IVF between 2000 and 2006., Intervention(s): Initiation of 3154 IVF cycles, for which gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist was used in 2425 cycles; 1503 cycles randomly selected for low-dose aspirin treatment starting from the first day of controlled ovarian hyperstimulation compared with no treatment in the remaining 922 cycles., Main Outcome Measure(s): The incidence of severe or critical OHSS and the rate of clinical pregnancy., Result(s): During this time period, 45 cases of severe OHSS were detected. Only two of the OHSS patients had received aspirin previously., Conclusion(s): Based on our preliminary results, introduction of low-dose aspirin therapy during ovulation induction for the prevention of OHSS in high-risk patients should be considered., (Copyright 2010 American Society for Reproductive Medicine. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)