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During the reign of Charles V there was a significant increase of short-term debt due to the presence of both Castilian and international financial groups as lenders. This article focuses on the most important of the loans signed during Emperor’s time, which it can be named as the “great seat” of 1532. Taking advantage of primary sources about this loan, the study also gets into the structures of royal spending, budget and accounts of Baeza and Zuazola –royal treasurers- as well as Castilian financial fairs during the thirties of the sixteenth century. Durante el reinado de Carlos V se produjo un importante aumento de la deuda flotante y de la presencia de grupos financieros castellanos e internacionales como proveedores de crédito a favor de la corona. El presente artículo analiza el más importante de los asientos firmados durante aquella etapa, que denominamos como “gran asiento” de 1532. A partir de esta operación nos adentramos en las estructuras de gasto de la monarquía, en el funcionamiento de las tesorerías de Baeza y Zuazola y en el funcionamiento de las ferias financieras castellana durante la década de los treinta del siglo XVI.