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1. Rates and independent correlates of Pap smear testing among Korean-American women

Author

Thomas E. Novotny, Ira B. Tager, Lew R, Barbara A. Wismer, K Min, S H Kang, A M Chen, and Joel M. Moskowitz

Subjects
Gerontology, medicine.medical_specialty, Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice, Ethnic group, Logistic regression, California, Sampling Studies, Surveys and Questionnaires, Epidemiology, medicine, Odds Ratio, Humans, Pap test, Vaginal Smears, Korea, medicine.diagnostic_test, Asian, business.industry, Public health, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Odds ratio, Census, Middle Aged, Patient Acceptance of Health Care, Confidence interval, Logistic Models, Multivariate Analysis, Female, business, Demography, Research Article, Papanicolaou Test
Abstract

OBJECTIVES: This study reports population estimates of Pap smear testing among Korean-American women and evaluates correlates of testing. METHODS: Korean Americans in 2 California counties were surveyed by telephone. Frequencies were age-adjusted to the 1990 census to produce population estimates of testing. Logistic regression models were used to evaluate independent correlates of testing RESULTS: Only 50% of the Korean-American women surveyed had a Pap test in the previous 2 years. The strongest independent correlate was having had a regular check-up in the previous 2 years (odds ratio 7.2, 95% confidence interval 4.2, 12.1). CONCLUSIONS: Rates of Pap testing among Korean-American women are well below national objectives. Collaboration and community-sensitive research are essential to collect data and design programs to improve the health of ethnic minority communities.

Published
1998

2. Mammography and clinical breast examination among Korean American women in two California counties

Author

Thomas E. Novotny, Rod Lew, Ira B. Tager, Joel M. Moskowitz, Arthur M. Chen, Katya Min, Soo H. Kang, and Barbara A. Wismer

Subjects
Gerontology, Employment, medicine.medical_specialty, Epidemiology, Population, Ethnic group, Breast Neoplasms, Logistic regression, California, Medicine, Mammography, Humans, Mass Screening, education, Aged, education.field_of_study, Korea, Palpation, medicine.diagnostic_test, Asian, Marital Status, business.industry, Public health, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Odds ratio, Middle Aged, Health Surveys, Confidence interval, Logistic Models, Marital status, Female, business, Demography
Abstract

Background.Mammography and clinical breast examination (CBE) are underutilized, especially by women from some racial/ethnic minorities. Few published studies of screening practices or correlates for these subgroups exist. Methods.A population-based telephone survey of 1,090 Korean Americans living in two California counties was conducted. To produce population estimates of mammography and CBE testing, we adjusted frequencies to account for different selection probabilities. Multivariable logistic regression was performed to determine independent correlates of testing. Results.Only 34% [95% confidence intervals (CI) 30%, 39%] of Korean American women age 50 and older were estimated to have had a mammogram in the past 2 years. Only 32% (95% CI 28%, 37%) had had a CBE in the past 2 years. The strongest independent correlate of testing was having a regular medical checkup [odds ratio (OR) for mammogram = 9.21, 95% CI 3.98, 21.35; OR for CBE = 11.58, 95% CI 4.71, 28.46]. Conclusions.These estimates are lower than the Healthy People 2000 objectives as well as published estimates for other populations in the United States. Planning and implementing tailored programs to improve screening are best done using a community-sensitive approach, which, because racial/ethnic subgroups are growing, will assume increasing public health importance.

Published
1998

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