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BACKGROUND: With the emergence of various high-quality membrane materials, the selection of suitable membrane materials has become the key to the development of artificial lung technology. The surface modification of membrane materials by physical or chemical methods to prepare composite membranes with excellent performance such as good blood compatibility and high gas exchange rate is a hot topic in current research. OBJECTIVE: Based on the development process of artificial lung, the commonly used membrane materials were introduced, and the research results of improving the blood compatibility of membrane materials were reviewed, and the new direction of improving the hollow fiber membrane materials for artificial lung in the future was proposed. METHODS: The articles related to artificial lung membrane materials published on Pub Med database, CN Kl database and Wanfang database were searched, and the articles were read and screened. Key words in English and Chinese were "artificial lung; membrane artificial lung; oxygenator; hollow fiber membrane; polymer; blood compatibility". RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: In recent years, various kinds of molecules that can improve blood compatibility have been used by researchers to improve the surface of membrane materials of membrane artificial lung. Studies on modified membrane materials such as heparin, hydrophilic molecules (such as polyethylene glycol) and amphoteric molecules (such as phosphocholine) are relatively mature and have been widely used in clinical practice. Other improvement measures (such as surface endothelialization, NO release hollow fiber) are also gradually developed. However, there are few studies on improving the gas exchange capacity of membrane materials, and there is still room for further improvement and optimization in oxygenation performance. In the future, the research of artificial lung membrane materials will develop in two directions: one is to develop the surface modified coating of mixed membrane materials to maximize blood compatibility by combining the advantages of various materials. Second, the gas exchange oxygenation performance of membrane materials can be improved and plasma leakage can be avoided by improving hemodynamics, improving membrane making process, physical or chemical modification and other methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]