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Blood-testis barrier (BTB) made of concomitant junction apparatus between Sertoli cells (SCs) is crucial for spermatogenesis. The tight junction (TJ) function is impaired in SCs with age, exhibiting an intimate relationship to testicular dysfunction induced by age. In this study, compared with those in young boars, TJ proteins (i.e., Occludin, ZO-1, and plus Claudin-11) were discovered to have reduced expressions in testes, and spermatogenesis ability declined in old boars. An in vitro age model for D-gal-treated porcine SCs was established, the performance of Curcumin as a natural antioxidant and anti-inflammatory compound in affecting the TJ function of SCs was appraised, and related molecular mechanisms were exploited. The results manifested that 40 g/L D-gal downregulated ZO-1, Claudin-11, and Occludin in terms of the expression in SCs, whereas Curcumin restored such expressions in D-gal-treated SCs. Using the AMPK and SIRT3 inhibiters demonstrated that activation of the AMPK/SIRT3 pathway was associated with Curcumin, which not only rescued the expression of ZO-1, Occludin, Claudin-11, and SOD2 but also inhibited the production of mtROS and ROS and the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome and release of IL-1β in D-gal-treated SCs. Furthermore, with mtROS scavenger (mito-TEMPO), NLRP3 inhibitor (MCC950) plus IL-1Ra treatment ameliorated D-gal-caused TJ protein decline in SCs. In vivo data also showed that Curcumin alleviated TJ impairment in murine testes, improved D-gal-triggered spermatogenesis ability, and inactivated the NLRP3 inflammasome by virtue of the AMPK/SIRT3/mtROS/SOD2 signal transduction pathway. Given the above findings, a novel mechanism where Curcumin modulates BTB function to improve spermatogenesis ability in age-related male reproductive disorder is characterized.

With the development of intelligent and connected vehicles, onboard Ethernet will play an important role in the next generation of vehicle network architectures. It is well established that accurate timing and guaranteed data delivery are critical in the automotive environment. The time-sensitive network (TSN) protocol can precisely guarantee the time certainty of the key signals of automotive Ethernet. With the time-sensitive network based on automotive Ethernet being standardized by the TSN working group, the TSN has already entered the vision of the automotive network. However, the security mechanism of the TSN protocol is rarely discussed. First, the security of the TSN automotive Ethernet as a backbone E/E (electrical/electronic) architecture is analyzed in this paper through the Microsoft STRIDE threat model, and possible countermeasures for the security of automotive TSNs are listed, including the security protocol defined in the TSN, so that the TSN security protocol and the traditional protection technology can form a complete automotive Ethernet protection system. Then, the security mechanism per-stream filtering and policing (PSFP) defined in IEEE 802.1Qci is analyzed in detail, and an anomaly detection system based on PSFP is proposed in this paper. Finally, OMNeT++ is used to simulate a real TSN topology to evaluate the performance of the proposed anomaly detection system (ADS). As a result, the protection strategy based on 802.1Qci not only ensures the real-time performance of the TSN but can also isolate individuals with abnormal behavior and block DoS (denial of service) attacks, thus attaining the security protection of the TSN vehicle-based network.

As one of the types of coal mine disasters and accidents, gas explosion is an important resistance affecting coal mine safety production. How to effectively identify gas explosion, find out the causes of gas explosion accidents, and make timely prediction and rectification is an urgent problem in coal mine industry. In this paper, the cause model of coal mine gas explosion is constructed based on the Bayesian network, and the cause chain of gas explosion accident is established by SPSS correlation analysis. The main factors leading to gas explosion accidents are found by parameter learning, reverse reasoning, sensitivity analysis, and key cause path. The results show that the main causes of mine gas explosion are gas accumulation and fire source explosion. The main causes of gas accumulation are no wind or breeze caused by local ventilator problems. The generation of electric spark is the main cause of fire source explosion. Cable damage, short circuit, mechanical and electrical equipment explosion, illegal operations, and lack of safety skills are also important factors leading to gas explosion.