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1. Association between age of cannabis initiation and gray matter covariance networks in recent onset psychosis

Author

Penzel, N., Antonucci, L. A., Betz, L. T., Sanfelici, R., Weiske, J., Pogarell, O., Cumming, P., Quednow, B. B., Howes, O., Falkai, P., Upthegrove, R., Bertolino, A., Borgwardt, S., Brambilla, P., Lencer, R., Meisenzahl, E., Rosen, M., Haidl, T., Kambeitz-Ilankovic, L., Ruhrmann, S., Salokangas, R. R. K., Pantelis, C., Wood, S. J., Koutsouleris, N., Kambeitz, J., Sen Dong, M., Erkens, A., Gussmann, E., Haas, S., Hasan, A., Hoff, C., Khanyaree, I., Melo, A., Muckenhuber-Sternbauer, S., Kohler, J., Ozturk, O. F., Popovic, D., Rangnick, A., von Saldern, S., Spangemacher, M., Tupac, A., Urquijo, M. F., Wosgien, A., Betz, L., Blume, K., Seves, M., Kaiser, N., Pilgram, T., Lichtenstein, T., Wenzel, J., Woopen, C., Andreou, C., Egloff, L., Harrisberger, F., Lenz, C., Leanza, L., Mackintosh, A., Smieskova, R., Studerus, E., Walter, A., Widmayer, S., Chisholm, K., Day, C., Griffiths, S. L., Iqbal, M., Pelton, M., Mallikarjun, P., Stainton, A., Lin, A., Salokangas, R. K. R., Denissoff, A., Ellila, A., From, T., Heinimaa, M., Ilonen, T., Jalo, P., Laurikainen, H., Lehtinen, M., Luutonen, A., Makela, A., Paju, J., Pesonen, H., Armio (Saila), R. -L., Sormunen, E., Toivonen, A., Turtonen, O., Solana, A. B., Abraham, M., Hehn, N., Schirmer, T., Altamura, C., Belleri, M., Bottinelli, F., Ferro, A., Re, M., Monzani, E., Percudani, M., Sberna, M., D'Agostino, A., Del Fabro, L., Perna, G., Nobile, M., Alciati, A., Balestrieri, M., Bonivento, C., Cabras, G., Fabbro, F., Garzitto, M., Piccin, S., Blasi, G., Pergola, G., Caforio, G., Faio, L., Quarto, T., Gelao, B., Romano, R., Andriola, I., Falsetti, A., Barone, M., Passatiore, R., Sangiuliano, M., Surman, M., Bienek, O., Romer, G., Dannlowski, U., Schultze-Lutter, F., Schmidt-Kraepelin, C., Neufang, S., Korda, A., and Rohner, H.

Subjects
Psychosis, Adolescent, Inferior frontal gyrus, 610 Medicine & health, Article, medicine, Humans, Gray Matter, Association (psychology), Cannabis, Pharmacology, biology, business.industry, Confounding, medicine.disease, biology.organism_classification, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Psychiatry and Mental health, Risk factors, Psychotic Disorders, Schizophrenia, Cohort, business, Insula, Neuroscience, Clinical psychology
Abstract

Cannabis use during adolescence is associated with an increased risk of developing psychosis. According to a current hypothesis, this results from detrimental effects of early cannabis use on brain maturation during this vulnerable period. However, studies investigating the interaction between early cannabis use and brain structural alterations hitherto reported inconclusive findings. We investigated effects of age of cannabis initiation on psychosis using data from the multicentric Personalized Prognostic Tools for Early Psychosis Management (PRONIA) and the Cannabis Induced Psychosis (CIP) studies, yielding a total sample of 102 clinically-relevant cannabis users with recent onset psychosis. GM covariance underlies shared maturational processes. Therefore, we performed source-based morphometry analysis with spatial constraints on structural brain networks showing significant alterations in schizophrenia in a previous multisite study, thus testing associations of these networks with the age of cannabis initiation and with confounding factors. Earlier cannabis initiation was associated with more severe positive symptoms in our cohort. Greater gray matter volume (GMV) in the previously identified cerebellar schizophrenia-related network had a significant association with early cannabis use, independent of several possibly confounding factors. Moreover, GMV in the cerebellar network was associated with lower volume in another network previously associated with schizophrenia, comprising the insula, superior temporal, and inferior frontal gyrus. These findings are in line with previous investigations in healthy cannabis users, and suggest that early initiation of cannabis perturbs the developmental trajectory of certain structural brain networks in a manner imparting risk for psychosis later in life.

Published
2021
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2. Cognitive subtypes in recent onset psychosis: distinct neurobiological fingerprints?

Author

Wenzel, J., Haas, S. S., Dwyer, D. B., Ruef, A., Oeztuerk, O. F., Antonucci, L. A., von Saldern, S., Bonivento, C., Garzitto, M., Ferro, A., Paolini, M., Blautzik, J., Borgwardt, S., Brambilla, P., Meisenzahl, E., Salokangas, R. K. R., Upthegrove, R., Wood, S. J., Kambeitz, J., Koutsouleris, N., Kambeitz-Ilankovic, L., Sen Dong, M., Erkens, A., Gussmann, E., Haas, S., Hasan, A., Hoff, C., Khanyaree, I., Melo, A., Muckenhuber-Sternbauer, S., Kohler, J., Popovic, D., Penzel, N., Rangnick, A., Sanfelici, R., Spangemacher, M., Tupac, A., Urquijo, M. F., Weiske, J., Wosgien, A., Ruhrmann, S., Rosen, M., Betz, L., Haidl, T., Blume, K., Seves, M., Kaiser, N., Pilgram, T., Lichtenstein, T., Woopen, C., Andreou, C., Egloff, L., Harrisberger, F., Lenz, C., Leanza, L., Mackintosh, A., Smieskova, R., Studerus, E., Walter, A., Widmayer, S., Chisholm, K., Day, C., Griffiths, S. L., Iqbal, M., Lalousis, P., Pelton, M., Mallikarjun, P., Stainton, A., Lin, A., Denissoff, A., Ellila, A., Tiina From, R. N., Heinimaa, M., Ilonen, T., Jalo, P., Heikki Laurikainen, R. N., Lehtinen, M., Antti Luutonen, R. N., Makela, A., Paju, J., Pesonen, H., Armio (Saila), R. -L., Sormunen, E., Toivonen, A., Turtonen, O., Solana, A. B., Abraham, M., Hehn, N., Schirmer, T., Altamura, C., Belleri, M., Bottinelli, F., Re, M., Monzani, E., Percudani, M., Sberna, M., D'Agostino, A., Del Fabro, L., Menni, V. S. B., Perna, G., Nobile, M., Alciati, A., Balestrieri, M., Cabras, G., Fabbro, F., Piccin, S., Bertolino, A., Blasi, G., Pergola, G., Caforio, G., Faio, L., Quarto, T., Gelao, B., Romano, R., Andriola, I., Falsetti, A., Barone, M., Passatiore, R., Sangiuliano, M., Lencer, R., Surman, M., Bienek, O., Romer, G., Dannlowski, U., Schultze-Lutter, F., Schmidt-Kraepelin, C., Neufang, S., Korda, A., and Rohner, H.

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, Psychosis, Audiology, Article, Cognition, Social cognition, medicine, Humans, Effects of sleep deprivation on cognitive performance, Gray Matter, Pharmacology, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, Brain, Diagnostic markers, Cognitive neuroscience, Neuropsychological test, medicine.disease, Psychiatry and Mental health, Psychotic Disorders, Schizophrenia, Verbal memory, business, Neurocognitive
Abstract

In schizophrenia, neurocognitive subtypes can be distinguished based on cognitive performance and they are associated with neuroanatomical alterations. We investigated the existence of cognitive subtypes in shortly medicated recent onset psychosis patients, their underlying gray matter volume patterns and clinical characteristics. We used a K-means algorithm to cluster 108 psychosis patients from the multi-site EU PRONIA (Prognostic tools for early psychosis management) study based on cognitive performance and validated the solution independently (N = 53). Cognitive subgroups and healthy controls (HC; n = 195) were classified based on gray matter volume (GMV) using Support Vector Machine classification. A cognitively spared (N = 67) and impaired (N = 41) subgroup were revealed and partially independently validated (Nspared = 40, Nimpaired = 13). Impaired patients showed significantly increased negative symptomatology (pfdr = 0.003), reduced cognitive performance (pfdr pfdr p = 0.01) separating impaired patients from HC revealed increases and decreases across several fronto-temporal-parietal brain areas, including basal ganglia and cerebellum. Cognitive and functional disturbances alongside brain morphological changes in the impaired subgroup are consistent with a neurodevelopmental origin of psychosis. Our findings emphasize the relevance of tailored intervention early in the course of psychosis for patients suffering from the likely stronger neurodevelopmental character of the disease.

Published
2020

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