Nystaleinae The Nystaleinae, a subfamily nearly restricted to the Neotropical Region, is represented by 350 species (Weller 1992, Miller & Thiaucourt 2011) (Figure 4 G-J). Adults can be recognized due to a set of long scales on the prothorax, from the base of the antennae to the lateral part of the prothorax, near the spiracle (Miller et al. 2018). Although Weller (1992) reviewed the subfamily, all genera need a thorough taxonomic revision (Miller & Thiaucourt 2011); though Becker has studied some Brazilian taxa like Nycterotis Felder, 1874 (Becker 2020), Bardaxima Walker, 1858 (Becker 2021b), and Xylodonta Becker, 2014 (Becker 2021d). In the visited collections, 83 specimens belonging to the Nystaleinae subfamily were found, the majority belonging to Nystalea Guenée, 1852 which was expected, since this is the most diverse genus of the subfamily. This group is diverse in lowland forests, displaying remarkable genitalia characters such as the saccular scent organ and the callosum. The first is a membranous and pleated sacculus and the latter is a specialized aluta enclosing the basiphallus, unique to Nystaleinae (Weller 1990, 1992). The larval cuticle is often glossy (Figure 5 I-J) and known host plants for the subfamily show oligophagous species feeding on specific plant families, with few exceptions to this rule (Table 3). Host plant families include Malpighiaceae (rich in secondary metabolites: alkaloids and flavonoids) (Abbas et al. 2022), Fabaceae (used by humans as crops, green manures, and forage) (Ahmad et al. 2016), Clusiaceae (widely used in ethnomedicine) (de Melo et al. 2014), Anacardiaceae (trees, shrubs, and lianas frequently with contact dermatitis-causing exudate) (Pell et al. 2010), among others., Published as part of Prada-Lara, Liliana, Jiménez-Bolívar, Andrea C. & St Laurent, Ryan A., 2023, Prominent moths (Lepidoptera: Notodontidae) of Colombia, pp. 401-444 in Zootaxa 5284 (3) on page 429, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5284.3.1, http://zenodo.org/record/7929469, {"references":["Weller, S. J. (1992) Survey of adult morphology in Nystaleinae and related neotropical subfamilies (Noctuoidea: Notodontidae). Journal of Research on the Lepidoptera, 31, 233 - 277. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / p. 266593","Miller, J. S. & Thiaucourt, P. (2011) Diversity of prominent moths (Lepidoptera: Noctuoidea: Notodontidae) in the cloud forests of northeastern Ecuador, with descriptions of 27 new species. Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 104, 1033 - 1077. https: // doi. org / 10.1603 / AN 10141","Miller, J. S., Wagner, D., Opler, P. & Lafontaine, D. (2018) The Moths of North America, Fascicle 22.1 A. Drepanoidea, Doidae; Noctuoidea, Notodontidae: Pygaerinae, Notodontinae, Cereurinae, Phalerinae, Periergosinae, Dudusinae, Hemiceratinae. The Wedge Entomological Research Foundation, s. n, 348 pp.","Becker, V. (2020 b) The Brazilian species of the genus Arhacia Herrich-Schaffer, 1855 with description of a new species (Lepidoptera: Notodontidae, Dicranurinae). SHILAP Revista de lepidopterologia, 48 (192), 751 - 756. https: // doi. org / 10.57065 / shilap. 356","Becker, V. (2021 b) A review of the Neotropical moth genus Bardaxima (Lepidoptera: Notodontidae: Nystaleinae), with special reference to the species occurring in Brazil. Zoologia, 38, 1 - 14. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / zoologia. 38. e 63526","Becker, V. (2014) Checklist of New World Notodontidae (Lepidoptera: Noctuoidea). Lepidoptera Novae, 7, 1 - 40.","Becker, V. (2021 d) Notes and synonymy on the Neotropical moth genus Xylodonta Becker (Notodontidae, Nystaleinae), with special reference to the species occurring in Brazil. Revista Brasilera de entomologia, 65 (2), 1 - 10.","Weller, S. J. (1990) Revision of the Nystalea aequipars Walker species complex with notes on nystaleine genitalia (Lepidoptera: Notodontidae). Journal of the New York Entomological Society, 98, 35 - 49.","Abbas, H., Tadros, S., El-Toumy, S., Salama, A. & El Gedaily, R. (2022) A Review on Traditional uses, Phytochemistry and Pharmacological Potential of Family Malpighiaceae. Egyptian Journal of Chemistry, 65 (11), 235 - 274. https: // doi. org / 10.21608 / ejchem. 2022.119510.5372","Ahmad, F., Anwar, F. & Hira, S. (2016) Review on medicinal importance of Fabaceae family. Pharmacologyonline, 3, 151 - 156.","de Melo, M., Quintans, J., Araujo, A., Duarte, M., Bonjardim, L., Nogueira, P., Moraes, V., Araujo-Junior, J., Ribeiro, E. & Quintans-Junior, L. (2014) A Systematic Review for Anti-Inflammatory Property of Clusiaceae Family: A Preclinical Approach. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2014, 1 - 10. https: // doi. org / 10.1155 / 2014 / 960258"]}