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Bolbelasmus (Bolbelasmus) gallicus (Mulsant, 1842) Bolboceras gallicum Mulsant 1843: 350; Gemminger & Harold 1869: 1078; Boucomont 1902: 4, 1910: 335 Bolboceras gallicus: Marseul 1857: 83; Jaquelin du Val 1863: 34 Bolboceras gallicus var. provincialis Mulsant 1843: 351; Boucomont 1912: 17; Nikolajev et al. 2016: 33 Bolboceras gallicus var. conjunctus Mulsant 1843: 351; Boucomont 1912: 17; Nikolajev et al. 2016: 33 Bolbelasmus gallicus: Boucomont 1912: 17; Winkler 1929: 1035; Seabra 1943: 50; Cartwright 1953: 97; Baguena Corella 1967: 261; Baraud 1977: 159; Krikken 1977: 280–282, 284; Paulian & Baraud 1982: 61; Baraud 1992: 44–45; Martín-Piera & López-Colón 2000: 178–181, 498; López-Colón 2003: 140; Verdú et al. 2004: 512; Agoglitta et al. 2006: 182; Král et al. 2006: 82; Li et al. 2008: 479; Hillert et al. 2016: 223; Nikolajev et al. 2016: 33; Niogret et al. 2019: 9, Published as part of Rossini, Michele & Forshage, Mattias, 2023, On the types of Bolboceratidae (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea) in the Swedish Museum of Natural History in Stockholm, pp. 427-446 in Zootaxa 5301 (4) on page 430, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5301.4.2, http://zenodo.org/record/8035890, {"references":["Mulsant, E. (1843) Description de quelques Coleopteres inedits. Annales De La Societe Agricole De Lyon, 6, 276 - 286.","Gemminger, M. & Harold, E. von (1869) In: Gummi, E. (Ed.), Catalogous Coleopterorum hucusque descriptorum synonymicus et systematicus. Tomus IV. Scarabaeidae. sumptu E. H. Gummi, Monachii, pp. 979 - 1346. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 9089","Boucomont, A. (1902) Coleoptera Lamellicornia Fam. Geotrupidae. Genera Insectorum. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 7, 1 - 20.","Boucomont, A. (1910) Contribution a la classification des Geotrupidae. Annales De La Societe Entomologique De France, 79, 333 - 350.","Marseul, S. A. (1857) Catalogue des coleopteres d'Europe. A. Dumenil, Paris, 200 pp.","Jaquelin du Val, P. N. C. (1863) Manuel entomologique. Genera des Coleopteres d'Europe comprenant leur classifi cation en familles naturelles, la description de tous les genres, des Tableaux synoptiques destines a faciliter l'etude, le Catalogue de toutes les especes, de nombreux dessins au trait de caracteres. Tome troisieme (1859 - 1863). A. Deyrolle, Paris, 463 pp.","Boucomont, A. (1912) Scarabaeidae: Taurocerastinae, Geotrupinae. In: Junk, W. & Schenkling, S. (Eds.), Coleopterum Catalogus. Pars 46. Junk, W., Berlin, pp. 1 - 47.","Nikolajev, G. V., Kral, D. & Bezdek, A. (2016) Geotrupidae. In: L ˆ bl, I. & L ˆ bl, D. (Eds.), Catalogue of Palaearctic Coleoptera. Vol. 3. Scarabaeoidea, Scirtoidea, Dascilloidea, Buprestoidea, Byrrhoidea. Revised and updated edition. Brill NV, Leiden, pp. 33 - 52.","Winkler, A. (1929) Lamellicornia. In: Catalogus Coleopterorum regionis palaearcticae 2 pars 9. Winkler, A., Wien, pp. 1025 - 1134.","Seabra, A. F. (1943) Contribuicies para o inventario da fauna lusitanica. Insecta, Coleoptera. Memorias e Estudos do Museo Zoologico da Universidade de Coimbra, 142, 47 - 56.","Cartwright, O. L. (1953) Scarabaeid beetles of the genus Bradycinetulus and closely related genera in the United States. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 103, 95 - 120. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00963801.103 - 3318.95","Baguena Corella, L. (1967) Scarabaeoidea de la fauna Ibero-Balear y Pirenaica. Consejo superior de investigaciones cientificas, Instituto Espanol de Entomologia, Madrid, 576 pp.","Baraud, J. (1977) Coleopteres Scarabaeoidea. Faune de l'Europe occidentale, Belgique, France Grande-Bretagne, Italie, Peninsule Iberique. Nouvelle Revue d'Entomologie, 4, 1 - 352.","Krikken, J. (1977) The genus Bolbelasmus Boucomont in Asia with notes on species occurring in other regions. Zoologische Mededelingen Leyden, 51 (17), 277 - 292.","Paulian, R. & Baraud, J. (1982) Faune des Coleopteres de France. II. Lucanoidea et Scarabaeoidea, Encyclopedie Entomologique. Vol. 43. Lechevalier, Paris, 477 pp.","Baraud, J. (1992) Coleopteres Scarabaeoidea d'Europe. Faune de France 78. Federation francaise des Societes de Sciences naturelles et Societe Linneenne de Lyon, Paris, 856 pp.","Martin-Piera, F. & Lopez-Colon, J. I. (2000) Fauna Iberica. Vol. 14. Coleoptera, Scarabaeoidea I. Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (CSIC), Madrid, 526 pp.","Lopez-Colon, J. I. (2003) Lista preliminar del los Scarabaeoidea (Coleoptera) de la fauna Europea (Parte I). Boletin de la Sociedad Entomologica Aragonesa, 33, 135 - 144.","Verdu, J. R., Galante, E., Lumaret, J. P. & Cabrero-Sanudo, F. J. (2004) Phylogenetic analysis of Geotrupidae (Coleoptera, Scarabaeoidea) based on larvae. Systematic Entomology, 29, 509 - 523. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 0307 - 6970.2004.00256. x","Agoglitta, R., Barbero, E., Ragusa, E. & Zunino, M. (2006) Catalogo sistematico e topografico dei Geotrupidae e Scarabaeidae degradatori della Sicilia e isole circumsiciliane (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea). Boletin de la Sociedad Entomologica Aragonesa, 39, 181 - 204.","Kral, D., L ˆ bl, I. & Nikolajev, G. V. (2006) Bolboceratidae. In: L ˆ bl, I. & Smetana, A. (Eds.), Catalogue of Palaearctic Coleoptera. Vol. 3. Apollo Books, Stenstrup, pp. 82 - 84.","Li, C. L., Wang, C. C., Masumoto, K., Ochi, T. & Yang, P. S. (2008) Review of the Tribe Bolboceratini s. l. from Taiwan with a Key to the Eurasian Genera. Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 101 (3), 474 - 490. https: // doi. org / 10.1603 / 0013 - 8746 (2008) 101 [474: rottbs] 2.0. co; 2","Hillert, O., Arnone, M., Kral, D. & Massa, B. (2016) The genus Bolbelasmus in the western and southern regions of the Mediterranean Basin. Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae, 56 (1), 211 - 254.","Niogret, J., Felix, A. E., Nicot, A. & Lumaret, J. P. (2019) Chemosystematics using cuticular compounds: A powerful tool to separate species in Mediterranean dung beetles (Coleoptera: Geotrupidae). Journal of Insect Science, 19 (2), 1 - 11. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / jisesa / iez 026"]}

Bolbelasmus (Bolbelasmus) Boucomont, 1910 Type species: Bolboceras coreanum Kolbe, 1886, Published as part of Rossini, Michele & Forshage, Mattias, 2023, On the types of Bolboceratidae (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea) in the Swedish Museum of Natural History in Stockholm, pp. 427-446 in Zootaxa 5301 (4) on page 430, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5301.4.2, http://zenodo.org/record/8035890, {"references":["Boucomont, A. (1910) Contribution a la classification des Geotrupidae. Annales De La Societe Entomologique De France, 79, 333 - 350."]}

The distribution ofBolbelasmus unicornis(Schrank, 1789) is critically reviewed throughout its range with emphasis on the Czech Republic and Slovakia. The species has been reliably recorded from 377 localities in 19 countries. New records are given from 152 localities of Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Moldova, Poland, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Turkey, and Ukraine. For Germany, the species is recorded for the first time in 54 years. The occurrence of the species in Switzerland is confirmed by two historical specimens from Zürich. The only known historical specimen labelled “Kaukasus” is given, which could originate from Russia, where this species has not been recorded before (however, confusion of the locality label cannot be ruled out). All published faunistic data from across the range are presented here in full, in several cases supplemented by details subsequently obtained by the author. Distribution maps are compiled separately for the Czech Republic and Slovakia, and for the entire range. A separate map is also available for Hungary, where approximately one-third of the known localities are located. Statistical data concerning the flight activity of adults, seasonal dynamics for part of the distribution area, details of records and notes on the bionomy and ethology of the species are provided. Possible feeding strategies for adults and larvae ofB. unicornisare discussed, as well as current knowledge of the natural history of various representatives of the subfamily Bolboceratinae. A monitoring method for the species is proposed.

The author provides corrections of minor errors and omissions from his initial study, as well as data from omitted and new literature, and new records based on the material studied and new observations. For some of the previously published records, details obtained subsequently by the author are added. The first record of Bolbelasmus unicornis for Belarus is given, representing the northernmost known occurrence of the species. The second recent record for Croatia is quoted from an internet source. Updated distribution maps are provided for the Czech Republic and Slovakia, and for the entire range, as well as a distribution map of the Western Palaearctic representatives of the B. unicornis species group. The species is currently known from 386 localities in 20 countries.

Bolbelasmus (Bolbelasmus) zagrosensis Sommer, Hillert, Hrůzov�� & Kr��l, new species (Figs. 1A, 2A, 3A, 4 A���B, 5A, 6A���C, 9, 10) Bolbelasmus nireus: Keith 2005: 51, fig. 1 (distribution); Montreuil 2017: 260 (distribution). Bolbelasmus nireus [partim, populations from Iran]: Arnone & Massa 2010: 412 (distribution); Miessen 2011: 110 (distribution); Hillert et al. 2016: 246 (distribution); Nikolajev et al. 2016: 33 (catalogue); Schoolmeesters 2020 (online catalogue)., Published as part of Sommer, David, Hillert, Oliver, Hr��zov��, Lucie & Kr��l, David, 2021, Bolbelasmus (Bolbelasmus) zagrosensis (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea: Bolboceratidae), a new species from Iran, along with an updated key to the western Palaearctic species of the subgenus, pp. 380-394 in Zootaxa 4920 (3) on page 391, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4920.3.4, http://zenodo.org/record/4478107, {"references":["Keith, D. (2005) First record of the genus Bolbelasmus from Iran. Kogane, 6, 51 - 52.","Montreuil, O. (2017) New records of Geotrupidae and Scarabeidae dung beetles (Insecta, Coleoptera) from Iran. Journal of Entomological Society of Iran, 36, 259 - 277.","Arnone, M. & Massa, B. (2010) A new species of Bolbelasmus Boucomont, 1911 from Sicily (Italy). Il Naturalista Siciliano, 34, 401 - 414.","Miessen, G. (2011) Quelques commentaires sur le genre Bolbelasmus Boucomont, 1911 et description d'une nouvelle espece de Chypre. Lambillionea, 111, 109 - 119.","Hillert, O., Arnone, M., Kral, D. & Massa, B. (2016) The genus Bolbelasmus in the western and southern regions of the Mediterranean Basin (Coleoptera: Geotrupidae: Bolboceratinae). Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae, 56, 211 - 254.","Nikolajev, G. V., Kral, D. & Bezdek, A. (2016) Family Geotrupidae Latreille, 1802. In: Lobl, I. & Lobl, D. (Eds.), Catalogue of Palaearctic Coleoptera. Vol. 3. Scarabaeoidea-Scirtoidea-Dasciloidea-Buprestoidea-Byrrhoidea. Revised and Updated Edition. E. J. Brill, Leiden, pp. 33 - 52. https: // doi. org / 10.1163 / 9789004309142 _ 003","Schoolmeesters, P. (2020) Scarabs: World Scarabaeidae Database (version Nov 2019). In: Roskov, Y., Abucay, L. Orrell, T., Nicolson, D., Bailly, N., Kirk, P., Bourgoin, T., DeWalt, R. E., Decock, W., DeWever, A., Nieukerken, E., van, Zarucchi, J. & Penev, L. (Eds.), Species 2000. Naturalis, Leiden. Digital resource. Available from: http: // www. catalogueoflife. org / annual-checklist / 2017 (accessed 20 June 2020)"]}

Key to the subgenus Bolbelasmus species from the western Palaearctic Region (modified from Hillert et al. 2016) 1. Posterior margin of pronotum incompletely bordered, interrupted laterally of scutellum. ���........................... 2 - Posterior margin of pronotum completely bordered. ���........................................................ 6 2. Lateral margin of pronotum nearly semicircular between anterior angles and midline in dorsal view, anterior angles almost rounded; frontal horn and medial hornlike apophysis of pronotum distinct; scutellum triangular, approximately as long as wide; body length 11.0��� 13.5 mm; southern parts of central Europe, France (Alsace), Italy, Balkan Peninsula, Poland, Russia and Ukraine; Asian part of Turkey...................................... ��� B. (B.) unicornis (Schrank von Paula, 1789) - Lateral margin of pronotum broadly rounded, regularly bent from anterior angle to middle, anterior corners of pronotum distinctly acuminate, lateral margin straight in front of anterior angles; frontal horn and medial hornlike apophysis of pronotum always indistinct; scutellum triangular, longer than wide; body length 9.5���12.0 mm; Cyprus, Greece (Rhodes), Iran, Iraq, Syria and Turkey. ���....................................................................................... 3 3. Eye cantus weakly acuminate and distinctly exceeding eye laterally; scutellum rounded apically; Asian part of Turkey. ���.............................................................................. B. (B.) tauricus Petrovitz, 1973 - Eye cantus regularly rounded and not exceeding eye laterally; scutellum acuminate apically. ���....................... 4 4. Frontal horn weakly spaced from fronto-clypeal carina (viewed from above), pronotal punctation double and dense, small punctures sparser; frontal horn directed upwards to weakly backwards (Figs. 3A, 3 C���D, 4A���B, 4D).................��� 5 - Frontal horn close to fronto-clypeal carina (viewed from above); pronotal punctation double and dense, small punctures denser; frontal horn directed obliquely forewards (Figs. 3B, 4C); aedeagus as in Fig. 5B; Cyprus..... B. (B.) makrisi Miessen, 2011 5. Border of posterior margin of pronotum weakly interrupted laterobasally, but with only several single punctures; frontal horn directed weakly backwards (Figs. 3 C���D, 4D); aedeagus as in Fig. 5C; Greece (Rhodes), Iraq, Syria and Asian part of Turkey............................................................................��� B. (B.) nireus (Reitter, 1895) - Border of posterior margin of pronotum distinctly interrupted laterobasally, single punctures absent; frontal horn directed upwardly (Figs. 3A, 4 A���B); aedeagus as in Fig. 5A; Iran..................................................................................................... ���. B. (B.) zagrosensis Sommer, Hillert, Hrůzov�� & Kr��l, new species 6. Scutellum impunctate or finely, shallowly punctate; frontal horn simple or furcate apically. ���........................ 7 - Scutellum densely punctate; apex of frontal horn simple..................................................... 11 7. Frontal horn simple; genae evenly rounded; oblique keel above eye longer than length of eye; head strongly constricted behind eye. ���.............................................................................................. 8 - Frontal horn furcate apically; genae more or less angulate anterolaterally; oblique keel above eye reaching to anterior part of eye; head not strongly constricted behind eye. ���............................................................ 9 8. Body surface blackish; pronotal punctation dense and distinct, separated by distance of 1���2 punctures combined; Algeria, Italy (Sicily) and Tunisia. ���................................................ B. (B.) vaulogeri (Abeille de Perrin, 1898) - Body surface brownish; pronotal punctation sparse but distinct, separated by distance of 3���4 punctures combined; Greece (Crete, Kasos). ���....................................................... B. (B.) keithi Miessen & Trichas, 2011 9. Frontal horn short (not longer than wide), apex of horn approximately as wide as base of horn; pronotal punctation denser with exception of basal part, puncture separated by diameter of puncture; pronotal base with fine and regularly spaced punctures, puctures in shape of pinned points; elytral striae well impressed, completely developed; elytral intervals moderately convex; Spain. ���............................................................... B. (B.) brancoi Hillert & Kr��l, 2016 - Frontal horn long (longer than wide), tapering apically; pronotal punctation sparser, puncture separated approximately by three their diameters; pronotal base with fine, poorly visible and well separated punctures, punctures in shape of pinned points; elytral striae not impressed, punctures in row visible; elytral intervals flat; northern Africa. ���............................. 10 10. Frontal horn parallel to anterior part of eyes; horn sharply keeled at basal half; middle hornlike apophysis of pronotum directed upwards, subapical protrusion situated basally; lateral hornlike apophyses of pronotum directed forwards; Algeria and Morocco. ���.................................................................. B. (B.) bocchus (Erichson, 1841) - Base of frontal horn parallel to level of posterior part of eyes; horn broadly keeled apically; middle hornlike apophysis of pronotum directed obliquely, subapical protrusion situated at apex; lateral hornlike apophyses of pronotum directed forwardly; Egypt, Libya and Tunisia.................................. ��� B. (B.) nikolajevi Hillert, Arnone, Kr��l & Massa, 2016 11. Apex of frontal horn tapering apically, acute, weakly flattened in anterior part of horn; Spain and Gibraltar................................................................................... ��� B. (B.) howdeni Hillert & Kr��l, 2016 - Apex of frontal horn roughly as wide as base, apex broadly acute, strongly flattened in anterior part of horn; France (including Corsica), Portugal and Spain................................................. ��� B. (B.) gallicus (Mulsant, 1842), Published as part of Sommer, David, Hillert, Oliver, Hr��zov��, Lucie & Kr��l, David, 2021, Bolbelasmus (Bolbelasmus) zagrosensis (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea: Bolboceratidae), a new species from Iran, along with an updated key to the western Palaearctic species of the subgenus, pp. 380-394 in Zootaxa 4920 (3) on pages 392-393, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4920.3.4, http://zenodo.org/record/4478107, {"references":["Hillert, O., Arnone, M., Kral, D. & Massa, B. (2016) The genus Bolbelasmus in the western and southern regions of the Mediterranean Basin (Coleoptera: Geotrupidae: Bolboceratinae). Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae, 56, 211 - 254.","Miessen, G. (2011) Quelques commentaires sur le genre Bolbelasmus Boucomont, 1911 et description d'une nouvelle espece de Chypre. Lambillionea, 111, 109 - 119.","Reitter, E. (1895) Beschreibung neuer oder wenig gekannter Coleoptera aus der Umgebung von Akbes in Syrien. Wiener Entomologische Zeitung, 14, 79 - 88. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 13210"]}

Bolbelasmus (Bolbelasmus) nireus (Reitter, 1895) (Figs. 1 C���D, 2C���D, 3C���D, 4D, 5C, 7A���C, 8A���B, 9) Bolboceras nireus Reitter, 1895: 81 (type locality: ���Akbes [= Mayd��n Akbis]���). Type material examined. Syria: Holotype, ♀ (MNHN) (Figs. 7 A���C, 8A���B) ��� Bolboceras | Nireus m | n. sp. Akbes [hw, Reitter���s hand] || Typus [p, red label] || jkF720329 || VIO || Bolbelasmus | nireus Rttr. || det. J. Krikken 197[p]2[hw, Krikken���s hand] || Bolbelasmus nireus | (Reitter, 1895) | D. Kr��l & D. Sommer det. 2019 [p]���. Additional material examined. Greece, Rhodes: 1 ��� (LSCN), 1 ��� (OHCB) (Figs. 1C, 2C, 3C, 4D, 5C), Lindos, 36��05���32���N 28��05���06���E, 16.iv.2017, L. Schmidt lgt.; 1 ��� (OHCB), Lalyssos, 36��25���01.09���N 28��08���44.03���E, 28.iii.2017, R. Dietze lgt.; Syria: 1 ♀ (MNHN), Akb��s, [without date], [E.] Reitter; Turkey: 1 ♀ (OHCB), Side, 27.iv.1973, K. Warncke lgt.; 1 ♀ (NMPC), Korkuteli, 11.vi.1991, B. Němec lgt.; 1 ��� (JMCP), İ��el, ��amliyayla, Sebil, 24.���26.v.1995, J. Mička lgt.; 1 ♀ (NMPC), 20 km S of Kemer, v.2001, [without collector���s name]; 1 ��� (AHCB) (Figs. 1D, 2D, 3D), NW of Alanya, NE of Manavgat, 8.iv.2015, M. Sn��žek lgt.; 2 ������ (MNHN), Adana [without date and collector���s name]. Disribution. Iraq, Syria and Turkey (Nikolajev et al. 2016). New country record for Greece (island of Rhodes) (see map, Fig. 9). The record of the species B. (B.) unicornis (Schrank, 1789) from the island of Rhodes by Schatzmayr (1936) most likely relates to the species B. (B.) nireus. Note. The distribution in Iraq is based on a single female specimen from Assur tentatively assigned to this species by Krikken (1977). We have not studied this specimen, so we cannot confirm with certainty what species it belongs to. In addition, this Iraqi locality of the species is very far from its distribution in Turkey (see map, Fig. 9). Their distribution in Syria is based on two females (including the holotype) collected at ���Akbes���. This locality, nowadays a small village Mayd��n Akbis belongs to the territory of Syria (Aleppo Governorate) and is situated very close to the border with Turkey (see map, Fig. 9). Between 1881���1926 there was the Trappist monastery ���Abbaye d���Akb��s��� (Le Bras et al. 1979). The site is not in modern Turkey, as stated in some papers, see Kry��tufek et al. (2001), Keith (2005) or Arnone & Massa (2010)., Published as part of Sommer, David, Hillert, Oliver, Hr��zov��, Lucie & Kr��l, David, 2021, Bolbelasmus (Bolbelasmus) zagrosensis (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea: Bolboceratidae), a new species from Iran, along with an updated key to the western Palaearctic species of the subgenus, pp. 380-394 in Zootaxa 4920 (3) on page 386, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4920.3.4, http://zenodo.org/record/4478107, {"references":["Reitter, E. (1895) Beschreibung neuer oder wenig gekannter Coleoptera aus der Umgebung von Akbes in Syrien. Wiener Entomologische Zeitung, 14, 79 - 88. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 13210","Nikolajev, G. V., Kral, D. & Bezdek, A. (2016) Family Geotrupidae Latreille, 1802. In: Lobl, I. & Lobl, D. (Eds.), Catalogue of Palaearctic Coleoptera. Vol. 3. Scarabaeoidea-Scirtoidea-Dasciloidea-Buprestoidea-Byrrhoidea. Revised and Updated Edition. E. J. Brill, Leiden, pp. 33 - 52. https: // doi. org / 10.1163 / 9789004309142 _ 003","Schatzmayr, A. (1936) Risultati scientifici delle cacce entomologiche di S. A. S. il Princiope Alessandro della Torre et Tasso nelle isole dell'Egeo. VI. - Scarabaeidae (1). Bollettino del Regio Laboratorio di Entomologia Agraria di Portici, 30, 9 - 23.","Krikken, J. (1977) The genus Bolbelasmus Boucomont in Asia with notes on species occurring in other regions. Zoologische Mededeelingen, 51, 277 - 292.","Le Bras, G., Hourlier, J. & Cocheril, M. (1979) Les Ordres religieux, la Vie et l'Art. Vol. 1. Monasteres et communautes; les Benedictins; les Cisterciens; les Chartreux; les ordres militaires. Flammarion, Paris, 266 pp.","Krystufek, B., Spitzenberger, F. & Kefelioglu, H. (2001) Description, taxonomy, and distribution of Talpa davidiana. Mammalian Biology, 66, 135 - 143.","Keith, D. (2005) First record of the genus Bolbelasmus from Iran. Kogane, 6, 51 - 52.","Arnone, M. & Massa, B. (2010) A new species of Bolbelasmus Boucomont, 1911 from Sicily (Italy). Il Naturalista Siciliano, 34, 401 - 414."]}

Bolbelasmus (Bolbelasmus) makrisi Miessen, 2011 (Figs. 1B, 2B, 3B, 4C, 5B, 9) Bolbelasmus (Bolbelasmus) makrisi Miessen, 2011: 111, figs. on pp. 116, 118���119 [not numbered] (type locality: ��� Kourion, Lemesos, alt.: 50 m, Cyprus ���). Type material examined. Cyprus: Paratypes, 1 ��� 1 ♀ (GMCL), ���Rizoelia nat. for. Park | Larnaka���CYPRUS || leg.: E. Kakouris | collection: G. Miessen || Bolbelasmus makrisi nov. sp. | G. Miessen det. 2011 | PARATYPUS [printed, red label]���. Additional material examined. Cyprus: 1 ��� 1 ♀ (OHCB), Akamas NP, 5 km N of Lara, 13.���20.iii.2015, O. Hillert lgt.; 1 ��� (OHCB), Akamas NP, Lara, 13.���20.iii.2015, O. Hillert lgt.; 1 ��� (OHCB), Miliou, N of Paphos, 13.���20.iii.2015, O. Hillert lgt.; 1 ��� (OHCB), Miliou, 34��56���22.23���N, 32��27���35.90���E, 7.vi.2014, vivant dans piscine [alive in pool], G. Miessen lgt.; 1 ��� (OHCB), Miliou, 34��56���21.66���N, 32��27���35.59���E, 7.vi.2014, attire par lampe UV [attracted by UV light], G. Miessen lgt.; 16 ������ 15 ♀♀ (OHCB) (Figs. 1B, 2B, 3B, 4C, 5B), 2 ������ 2 ♀♀ (NMPC), 5 km NE of Pegeia, Paphos env., 13.���20.iii.2015, O. Hillert lgt. Distribution. Endemic to Cyprus (Nikolajev et al. 2016) (see map, Fig. 9)., Published as part of Sommer, David, Hillert, Oliver, Hr��zov��, Lucie & Kr��l, David, 2021, Bolbelasmus (Bolbelasmus) zagrosensis (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea: Bolboceratidae), a new species from Iran, along with an updated key to the western Palaearctic species of the subgenus, pp. 380-394 in Zootaxa 4920 (3) on page 385, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4920.3.4, http://zenodo.org/record/4478107, {"references":["Miessen, G. (2011) Quelques commentaires sur le genre Bolbelasmus Boucomont, 1911 et description d'une nouvelle espece de Chypre. Lambillionea, 111, 109 - 119.","Nikolajev, G. V., Kral, D. & Bezdek, A. (2016) Family Geotrupidae Latreille, 1802. In: Lobl, I. & Lobl, D. (Eds.), Catalogue of Palaearctic Coleoptera. Vol. 3. Scarabaeoidea-Scirtoidea-Dasciloidea-Buprestoidea-Byrrhoidea. Revised and Updated Edition. E. J. Brill, Leiden, pp. 33 - 52. https: // doi. org / 10.1163 / 9789004309142 _ 003"]}

Bolbelasmus nireus (Reitter, 1895) Bolboceras nireus Reitter, 1895: 81 (original description). Type locality. Turkey, ‘Akbes’ [= Maydān Akbis]. Material examined (6 specimens). TURKEY: ADANA PROV.: Adana, 1 ♂, 1 ♀ (JMCP); İçel, Çamliyayla, Sebil, 24.–26.v.1995, 1 ♀, J. Mička lgt. (JMCP). ANTALYA PROV.: Korkuteli, 11.vi.1991, 1 ♀, B. Němec lgt. (BNCP); Side, 27.iv.1973, 1 ♂, K. Warncke lgt. (OHCB). IRAN: FARS PROV.: pass 140 km NE Šīraãz, 20.–21.iv.2002, 1 ♂, S. Kadlec lgt. (NMPC). Distribution. Iraq, Iran, Syria, Turkey (KRIKKEN 1977, KEITH 2005, KRÁL et al. 2006, ARNONE & MASSA 2010, MIESSEN 2011)., Published as part of Hillert, Oliver, Arnone, Marcello, Král, David & Massa, Bruno, 2016, The genusBolbelasmus in the western and southern regions of the Mediterranean Basin (Coleoptera: Geotrupidae: Bolboceratinae), pp. 211-254 in Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 56 (1) on page 246, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5306071, {"references":["REITTER E. 1895: Beschreibung neuer oder wenig gekannter Coleoptera aus der Umgebung von Akbes in Syrien. Wiener Entomologische Zeitung 14: 79 - 88.","KRIKKEN J. 1977: The genus Bolbelasmus Boucomont in Asia with notes on species occurring in other regions. Zoologische Mededelingen 51: 277 - 292.","KEITH D. 2005: First record of the genus Bolbelasmus from Iran. Kogane 6: 51 - 52.","KRAL D., LOBL I. & NIKOLAJEV G. V. 2006: Family Bolboceratidae Mulsant, 1842. Pp. 82 - 84. In: LOBL I. & SMETANA A. (eds): Catalogue of Palaearctic Coleoptera. Volume 3. Scarabaeoidea - Scirtoidea - Dascilloidea - Buprestoidea - Byrrhoidea. Apollo Books, Stenstrup, 690 pp.","ARNONE M. & MASSA B. 2010: A new species of Bolbelasmus Boucomont, 1911 from Sicily (Italy). Il Naturalista Siciliano 34: 401 - 414.","MIESSEN G. 2011: Quelques commentaires sur le genre Bolbelasmus Boucomont, 1911 et description d'une nouvelle espece de Chypre. Lambillionea 111: 109 - 119."]}

Bolbelasmus nikolajevi Hillert, Arnone, Král & Massa sp. nov. (Figs 5, 12, 18, 25, 31, 37, 43, 57, 59, 64) Bolbelasmus bocchus: PIC (1924): 126 (note, distribution); SCHATZMAYR (1946): 50 (distribution); ALFIERI (1976): 206 (distribution). Bolbelasmus bocchus vaulogeri: KRIKKEN (1977): 290, figs 18–19 (revision); BARAUD (1992): 53 (monograph); KRÁL et al. (2006): 82 (catalogue); ARNONE & MASSA (2010): 411, fig. 12 (distribution, note). Type locality. NW Tunisia, Sidi Bouzid gov.,7.5 km SWW of Hajeb el Ayoun,by road, 35°22′N, 09°28′E, 340 m a.s.l. Type material (126 specimens). TUNISIA: SIDI BOUZID PROV.: HOLOTYPE: ♂ (DKPC), ‘NW Tunisia, Sidi Bouzid gov., 7.5 km SWW of, HAJEB EL AYOUN, by road, 29.iii.2014, 35°22’N, 09°28’E, 340 m, David Král lgt.’ ALLOTYPE: ♀ (DKCP), same data. PARATYPES: EGYPT: ALEXANDRIA PROV.: ‘Egypt,Alexandria,1958’, 1♀ (NMPC); ‘ Egypt, Mariout, 4.iii.1924, coll. Alfieri’, 1 ♀ (NHMB). LIBYA: AZ ZAWIYAH PROV.: ‘Afrika, Libye, SURMAN - viii.[19]88, Č. Sobota lgt.’, 1 ♂ 1 ♀ (JDCC). BENGHAZI PROV.: ‘Libya, Benghazi, 8.3.1987, lgt. Háva [p]’, 1 ♀ (DKCP), 1 ♀ (JHCP); ‘Libia, Benghazi, 1986 V. Poláček lgt. [p]’, 1 ♂ (SJCP). BUTNAN PROV.: ‘ Libya, Cirenaica, Tobruk III, 32°5‘1“ N, 23°58‘ 35“ E, Geo C. Kruger lgt., R.U. Agrario’, 2 ♂♂ 2 ♀♀ (MSNG). TRIPOLI PROV.: ‘Afr. Libya – Tadjiura, 04.1986, Houška lgt.’, 2♂♂ (JMCH); ‘Libya, Tagiura, červenec [= July], [19]85, Voleman [lgt.]’, 2 ♂♂ (VTCZ); ‘Libya, Tagiura, srpen [= August], [19]85, Voleman [lgt.]’, 1♀ (VTCZ); ‘AFRIKA, Libya,Tarabulus vii.[19]88, V.Poláček lgt.’, 1♂ (JMCP); Foualgha, 8.4.1983, M. Dudycha [lgt.] [handwritten]’, 1 ♂ (RCCP). Not located: ‘Libya, Takadria, srpen [= August], [19]84, Voleman [lgt.]’, 1 ♀ (VTCZ). TUNISIA: BIZERTE PROV.: ‘Biserta, Tunisia, De Vauloger, Nevinson Coll., 1918-14, Bolboceras, vaulogeri Ab., types, Type, H. T.’, 1 ♂ (BMNH) [not syntype of B. vaulogeri, type label added later; M. Barclay pers. comm.]. GABÈS PROV.: ‘Gabes, 1897’, 2 ♂♂ (MNHN); ‘Tunisie, Mareth, R. Demoflys lgt., i. [19]49’, 1 ♂ (MNHN); ‘Tunisia, Gov. Gabes, Matmata, 19.iv.2013, Leg. G.Sabatinelli, At light’, 1 ♂ 1 ♀ (GSCT); ‘Matmata, iii.2014 ’, 1 ♂ 1 ♀ (GSCT); ‘TUNISIA: 15.4.1996, TAMEZRET, 13 km W of Matmata, J. BATELKA lgt.’, 2 ♀♀ (JBCP); ‘E Tunisia, Gabes, 5 km NEE of Oudref, Matwiya plage, 24.–25.iii.2014, 34°01‘N 10°00‘E, O. Hillert lgt.’, 7 ♂♂ 8 ♀♀ (OHCB); ‘E Tunisia, Gabes gov., 5 km NEE of Oudref, MATWIYA plage, ca. 20 m, 24.–25.iii.2014, 34°01‘N, 10°00‘E, David Král lgt.’, 2 ♂♂ 3 ♀♀ (DKCP), same data but Petr Šípek lgt., 3 ♂♂ 2 ♀♀ (CUPC), 1 ♀ [in pure alcohol] (CUPC); ‘TN-Gabes, dintorni, 13.IV.[19]95 leg. S. Ziani’, 1 ♂ (SZCM). GAFSA PROV.: ‘Tunisie, Gafsa, Chretien [lgt.], 1910’, 1 ♂ (MNHN); ‘Tunisie, Gafsa,A. Weiss [lgt.], 1904’, 1 ♀ (MNHN); ‘Gafsa, 1897’, 1 ♂ (OHCB);‘ Tunis, Métlaoui, C. Dumont’, 1 ♀ (DKCC). KASSERINE PROV.: ‘T., Thelepte, Mai 1941, R. Demoflys [lgt.]’, 2 ♂♂ 1 ♀ (MNHN); ‘Tun., Sbeitla, Mars 1941, R. Demoflys [lgt.]’, 2 ♀♀ (MNHN). KEBILI PROV.: ‘ TUNISIA, 3.-4. iv.2008 / 45 km E of Douz, Wadi Raml,/ N33°31’ E09°30’ / J.Batelka & J. Straka lgt.’, 1♀ (JBCP). KEF PROV.: ‘Tunisia NW,Le Kef, NABEUR env., 16.4.2001, lgt.M.Snížek’, 1♂ (VKCC). MEDENINE PROV.: ‘E Tunisia, Medenine, Djerba island, 5 km E of Midoun, sea coast, 26.iii.2014, 33°49‘N 11°02‘E, O. Hillert lgt.’, 1 ♂ (OHCB); ‘ TN-Medenine, str. per Toujan, 13.IV.[19]95 leg. S. Ziani’, 4 ♀♀ (SZCM). NABEUL PROV.: ‘ Tunisia, (Nabeul), Cap Bon peninsula, 6 km W of El Hawariah, sea coast, 23.iii.2014, 37°03‘N 10°57‘E, O. Hillert lgt.’, 4 ♂♂ (OHCB); ‘NE Tunisia, Nabeul gov., Cap Bon peninsula, 6 km W of EL HAWARIAH, sea coast, 23.iii.2014, 37°03‘N, 10°57‘E, ca. 3 m, David Král lgt.’, 2 ♂♂ 4 ♀♀ (DKCP), same data but Petr Šípek lgt., 1 ♂ 1 ♀ [partially demaged spec. in pure alcohol] (CUPC); ‘ Tunisia, Cap Bon IV.1960, G. Frey’, 1 ♀ (NHMB). SFAX PROV.: ‘Tunisie, Ketana [Bir Ketana], iv.[19]50, R. Demoflys [lgt.]’, 1 ♀ (MNHN); ‘ Tunisie, La Hencha, iii.[19]42, R.Demoflys [lgt.]’, 1♂ (MNHN); ‘Tunisia 1896, Sfax, de Vauloger [lgt.], Nevinson Coll., 1918-14’, 1 ♂ 1 ♀ (BMNH). SIDI BOUZID PROV.: ‘NE Tunisia, Sidi Bouzid, 7.5 km SWW of Hajeb el Ayoun by road, 29.iii.2014, 35°22‘N 09°28‘E, O. Hillert lgt.’, 7♂♂ 8♀♀ (OHCB); ‘NW Tunisia, Sidi Bouzid gov., 7.5 km SWW of,HAJEB EL AYOUN,by road, 29.iii.2014, 35°22‘N, 09°28‘E, 340 m, David Král lgt.’, 4♂♂ 2♀♀ (DKCP), 1 ♂ 1 ♀ (CUPC); ‘Tunisie, Maknassy,A. Dumont [lgt.], 1928’, 5 ♂♂ 2 ♀♀ (MNHN); ‘Tunisia, Bled Gamouda [Bilad Gamouda], de Vauloger [lgt.], Nevinson Coll., 1918-14.’, 1 ♂ (BMNH). TOZEUR PROV.: ‘ Tunis, Tozeur, C. Dumont [lgt.], 1929’, 2 ♂♂ (MNHN). No further locality specified: ‘ Tunisie, Septent[rionalis], Schaedlin’, 1 ♂ (MNHN). Description. Male (holotype). Distinctly convex, surface brownish or light-brown, shiny, pronotum covered with double punctation, elytron very fine microsculptured basally, microsculture missing apically. Head (Figs 5, 18, 25, 31, 37, 57). Clypeus broadly rounded, nearly semicircular, anterior angles vague. Posterior angles of clypeal margin elevated. Frontal horn well developed, long, distinctly furcate, base triangularly shaped in dorsal view, posterior edge of base situated at height of center of eye, side margin of tubercle keeled from base to apex. Punctation of clypeal disc simple, distinct. Oblique keels above eyes reaching approximately to half of eyes. Punctation of frons and vertex same as on clypeus; frontoclypeal suture present. Eyes distinctly elliptic and well developed; genae arcuate posteriorly, extending eyes laterally. Pronotum (Figs 5, 18, 25, 31, 37, 57) distinctly transverse; broadest just in basal quarter, entirely bordered; lateral margin evenly rounded, marginal carina not crenate, distinctly widened and elevated; lateral fovea almost missing. Pronotal punctation distinct, double, consisting of deeply impressed punctures, punctures separated by approximately 2–3 times their diameter, intermixed with very fine, pinned punctures. Base of pronotum glabrous. Lateral hornlike apophyses well developed, bent distinctly upwards and sidewards in lateral and dorsal view; between lateral and apical apophyses distinct, deeply oval concavity.Apical hornlike apophyses distinctly elevated, angled, directed 30° frontoapically, subapical protrusion of apical apophyses laterally near apex on outside. Scutellar shield triangular elongate, very finely punctate, shiny. Elytra approximately as long as wide, surface shiny, glabrous; between suture and humerus 7 distinct striae along entire elytral length, all striae with distinctly separated punctures; intervals flat; humeral umbone weak. Parameres as in Fig. 64. Variability in males. Surface black to brownish; pronotal hornlike apophyses in medium developed and underdeveloped (hypothelic) specimens short, more or less straight, only simply rounded to almost acute apically. Female (allotype). Head (Figs 12, 43). Clypeus broadly rounded, semicircular with straight anterior margin, anterior angles evenly rounded. Posterior angles of clypeal margin very weakly elevated. Frontal carina well developed, distinctly interrupted in middle, bituberculate on internal interruption, laterally keeled on each side. Punctation of clypeus, frons, vertex and occiput simple, distinct; oblique keels above eyes distinct, elongated to half of eyes; eye well developed, distinctly elliptic, genae well developed, arcuate anteriorly and posteriorly. Pronotum (Fig. 12) distinctly transverse, lateral margin weakly widened, broadest just basally, surface distinctly deeply punctate, double except of basal part, punctures consisting of well and deeply impressed punctures, separated approximately by distance equal to their diameter, intermixed with very fine, pinned punctures.Anterior transverse protrusion distinct, sharply semicircular, lateral apophyses present. Elytron surface shiny, glabrous; humeral umbone weak. Measurements. Total body length 12.0–15.1 mm (holotype, ♂: 14.6 mm; allotype, ♀: 14.8 mm). Differential diagnosis. Refer to species key. Etymology. Patronymic; named in honour of our friend Georgy V. Nikolajev (Al-Farabi State University, Almaty, Kazakhstan), a renowned specialist in world Scarabaeoidea. Collection circumstances. Prefers sandy and/or loess soils. Distribution. Mediterranean Egypt, Libya (Tripolitania, Cyrenaica) and Tunisia (Fig. 59)., Published as part of Hillert, Oliver, Arnone, Marcello, Král, David & Massa, Bruno, 2016, The genusBolbelasmus in the western and southern regions of the Mediterranean Basin (Coleoptera: Geotrupidae: Bolboceratinae), pp. 211-254 in Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 56 (1) on pages 232-234, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5306071, {"references":["PIC M. 1924: Habitats et notes concernant divers Coleopteres interessants d'Egypte. Bulletin de la Societe Royale Entomologique d'Egypte 1923: 125 - 129.","SCHATZMAYR A. 1946: Gli Scarabeidi coprofagi della Libia e dell'Egitto. Atti Societa Italiana Scienze Naturali Milano 85: 40 - 84.","ALFIERI A. 1976: The Coleoptera of Egypt. Memoires de la Societe Entomologique d'Egypte 5: 202 - 219.","KRIKKEN J. 1977: The genus Bolbelasmus Boucomont in Asia with notes on species occurring in other regions. Zoologische Mededelingen 51: 277 - 292.","BARAUD J. 1992: Coleopteres Scarabaeoidea d'Europe. Faune de France, France et regions limitrophes, 78. Federation Francaise des Societes de Sciences Naturelles & Societe Linneenne de Lyon, Paris & Lyon, 856 pp.","KRAL D., LOBL I. & NIKOLAJEV G. V. 2006: Family Bolboceratidae Mulsant, 1842. Pp. 82 - 84. In: LOBL I. & SMETANA A. (eds): Catalogue of Palaearctic Coleoptera. Volume 3. Scarabaeoidea - Scirtoidea - Dascilloidea - Buprestoidea - Byrrhoidea. Apollo Books, Stenstrup, 690 pp.","ARNONE M. & MASSA B. 2010: A new species of Bolbelasmus Boucomont, 1911 from Sicily (Italy). Il Naturalista Siciliano 34: 401 - 414."]}

Bolbelasmus brancoi Hillert & Král sp. nov. (Figs 2, 9, 15, 22, 28, 34, 40, 59, 61) Bolboceras Bocchus [partim, populations from Spain]: JACQUELIN DU VAL (1863): 131 (catalogue). Bolboceras Bocchus: FUENTE Y MORALES (1926): 146 (distribution). Bolbelasmus bocchus [partim, populations from Spain]: WINKLER (1927): 1035 (catalogue); SEABRA (1943): 50 (catalogue); BARAUD (1977): 159 (monograph); RUANO MARCO et al. (1988): 40, fig. p. 41 (distribution); LÓPEZ- COLÓN et al. (1996): 3, 8, 10 (distribution, key); MARTÍN- PIERA & LÓPEZ- COLÓN (2000): 179, figs 44 A,C, 45 (monograph); MIESSEN & TRICHAS (2011): 182 (remarks). Bolbelasmus bocchus: BAGUENA CORELLA (1967): 262 (monograph); GONZÁLEZ PEÑA (1979): 23, figs 4–6, 8 (key, biology); VERDÚ et al. (1998): 245, figs 1–12 (larval description); AGOIS- BUSTAMANTE (1998): 19 (distribution); AGOIS- BUSTAMANTE (2003): 190 (distribution); VERDÚ et al. (2004): 514, fig. 1; 515, fig. 20; 518, fig. 42 (larval illustrations). Bolbelasmus bocchus bocchus [partim, populations from Spain]: KRIKKEN (1977): 290 (revision); BARAUD (1985): 53 (monograph); BARAUD (1992): 44 (monograph); BRANCO (2005): 54 (taxonomic comments); KRÁL et al. (2006): 82 (catalogue); ARNONE & MASSA (2010): 407 (remarks, distribution). Type locality. Spain, Andalusia, Los Jesos, N slope of Sierra de Alhamilla, 37°05′N 02°17′W, 500 m a.s.l. Type material (143 specimens). SPAIN: ANDALUSIA AUTONOM. COMM.: ALMERIA PROV.: HOLOTYPE: ♂ (DKCP), ‘Spain, (Andalusia), Los Jesos, N slope of Sierra de Alhamilla, 28.ii.2009, O. Hillert lgt.’ ALLOTYPE: ♀ (DKCP), same data. PARATYPES: ALMERIA PROV.: ‘Espana, U. Almeria, Garrucha, Salzlachenufer, 07.iv.1986 ’, 1 ♀ (LSCN); ‘ Spain, (Andalusia), Los Jesos, N slope of Sierra de Alhamilla, 13-27.ii.2013, O. Hillert lgt.’, 7 ♂♂ 5 ♀♀ (OHCB); ‘ Spain (Andalusia), Los Jesos, N slope of Sierra de Alhamilla, 30 km NE of Almeria, 28.ii.2009, O. Hillert lgt.’, 1 ♂ 1 ♀ (ABCB), 1 ♀ (AHCL), 1 ♂ 1 ♀ (ARCL), 1 ♂ 1 ♀ (ERCS), 1 ♂ 1 ♀ (GMCL), 1 ♂ 1 ♀ (GNCA), 1 ♂ 1 ♀ (HHCO), 1 ♂ 1 ♀ (HKCS), 1 ♂ 1 ♀ (LSCL), 4 ♂♂ 6 ♀♀ (OHCB); ‘ Spanien – Andalusien, Provinz Almeria, Umgebung Tabernas, a.L. [at light], 21.-28.iv.2004, leg. Steffen Schellhorn’, 1♂ 1♀ (OHCB). GRANADA PROV.: ‘ Spain, Granada, Andalucía, Hoya de Baza mts., 850 m asl., Salazar, 37°31.87’N 2°40.94’W, 4.v.2009, lgt. J. Darebník’, 1 ♀ (JSCP), 1 ♂ (PKCS); ‘ Bco. del Espartal, Baza (Granada), 30SWG2854, F.S.Piñero leg., 3-iii-[19]90’, 1 ♂ 1 ♀ (SZCM); ‘ ESPAÑA, Granada, Bco. del Espartal, Baza, 3-iii-[19]90, F.S. Piñero’, 1 ♂ 1 ♀ (SZCM); ‘ Bananco del Espartal, BAZA 8.X.[19]89, GRANADA (España)’, F. S. Piñero leg.’, 1 ♂ (DKCP); ‘ Bco. del Espartal, BAZA 8.X.[19]89, GRANADA (España), F. S. Piñero leg.’, 1 ♀ (DKCP); ‘ Espagne (Granada), Lanjaron, 28.iii.[19]67, Baraud lgt.’, 1 ♂ (MNHN); ‘ E, Prov. Granada, Los Olmos, 14.v.2002, H. Rietz lgt.’, 1 ♂ (ERCS); ‘ Spain, Granada, Orgiva 12.iv.1960 ’, 1 ♂ 1 ♀ (BMCP). ARAGON AUTONOM. COMM.: SARAGOSSA PROV.: ‘ España, La Playa - Sastago - Zaragoza, 1.vi.2013 ’, 2 ♂♂ (GMCL); ‘ SPAIN, Aragon, Zaragoza, Candasnos, 13.vi.2011 ’, 1 ♂ (IECA); ‘ España, Bujaraloz, Zaragoza, 18.v.2013 ’, 2 ♂♂ (GMCL); ‘ España 17.v.2011, Bujaralos, Zaragoza, Leg. Rafael Soler’, 1 ♀ (DJCP); ‘ Spain, Zaragoza, Sastago 12.v.2010 ’, 1 ♂ (OBCB); ‘ España, Bujaraloz, Zaragoza, v.2009 ’, 1 ♂ 1 ♀ (GMCL); ‘ España, Zaragoza, Sastago, 12.v.2007 ’, 1 ♂ (GMCL);‘ ESPAÑA, Zaragoza, Bujaraloz, 11.V.[19]91, M. TOMÁS [legit]’, 4 ♂♂ (SZCM); ‘ Espagne – 30/V/1973, Bujaraloz (Zaragoza), C. Dufay rec.’, 1 ♂ (MHNL); ‘ Espagne, prov. Zaragoza, Bujaralos env., 18.5.2013, 1 ♂ (IBCF); ‘ Ejea de los Caballeros (Zaragoza), 7.v.1982, J. I.Lopez-Colon leg.’, 1 ♂ (JLCM); ‘ Spain, La Retuerta, Pina de Ebro, Zaragoza, 375 m, 3-ix-[19]93, Josep Muñoz leg.’, 1♂ (RCCP); ‘ España, Montes de Torrero, Zaragoza, 4.vi.1996 ’, 1♂ (GMCL). CASTILE- LA MANCHA AUTONOM. COMM.: ALBACETE PROV.: ‘ Molinicos, 10.v.[18]95’, 1 ♂ (ZFMK); ‘ Tobarra, Prov. Albacete, Spain, 25.IV.2012, M. Martínez leg., 1 ♀ (PKCS). CUENCA PROV.: ‘ Spain, Tarancón (Cuenca) 30.v.1982 ’, 3 ♂♂ (VACP). TOLEDO PROV.: ‘ Sa del Romeral, Villacañas (Toledo), 8-v-2010, Juan de la Rosa leg.’, 1 ♂ (DJCP); ‘ Spain, Toledo, Villacanas, Sa del Romeral, 24.iv.2010, JJ de la Rosa lgt.’, 2 ♂♂ 2 ♀♀ (OBCB). MADRID AUTONOM. COMM.: ‘ Spain, Parque de los Cerros, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, 13-vi-2008, A. Hidalgo leg.’, 1 ♀ (AHCL); ‘ Chinchón (Madrid), 13.iii.2009, Juan de la Rosa leg.’, 1 ♀ (DJCP); ‘ Spain (Madrid), villa CONEJOS, 23.iv.2011 ’, 1 ♂ 1 ♀ (JSCP); ‘ Spain, Madrid, 3.iii.1987, J. Plaza’, 1 ♂ (MSNG); ‘ Madrid, G. Schramm’, 1 ♂ (MSNG); ‘ Morata’, 1 ♀ (ZFMK); ‘ España, „ Montarco “, Madrid, leg. M. Toribio, 27.iii.1987 ’, 1 ♂ (GMCL); ‘ España, El Regajal, Aranjuez, Madrid, leg. Crespo, 11.v.1991 ’, 1 ♂ (GMCL); ‘ E, Comunidad de Madrid, Valdaracete, Fuensáuco, 30TVK8348, 18.4.2013, José Luis Gómez lgt.’, 1 ♂ (DJCP); ‘ España, Fuensauco, Valdaracete, Madrid, J. L. Gomez lgt., 29.iv.2011 ’, 1 ♀ (GMCL); ‘ España – Madrid, Valdaracete env., Fuensauco, 4.v.2010, Cosar Mora lgt., 1♂ (DJCP); ‘ Spain, Madrid, Valdaracete, Fuensauco, 04.v.2010, Jose Luis Gomez lgt.’, 1 ♂ 1 ♀ (OBCB); ‘ España, Fuensauco, Valdaracete, Madrid, J. L. Gomez lgt., 4.v.2010 ’, 1♂ (GMCL); ‘ España 12.5.2010, Fuensauco, Valdarecete, Madrid, Leg. Cesar S. Mora’, 2♂♂ (DKCP), 2 ♂♂ (PTCL); ‘ Fuensauco – 30TVK8348, Valdaracete, 18-4-2013, Madrid - España’, 1 ♂ 3 ♀♀ (PTCL); ‘ Spain, Madrid, Valdarecete v-[19]93’, 1 ♂ (JSCP); ‘ Hispania centrealis, Villaconecos (Madrid), 23.iv.2011, J. de la Rosa lgt.’, 1 ♂ 1 ♀ (DJCP); ‘ E, Villaconejos, (Com de Madrid), 23.4.2011, J de la Rosa lgt.’, 1 ♂ 1 ♀ (DJCP); ‘ E, Villaconejos, (Com de Madrid), 2.iv.2010, J de la Rosa lgt.’, 1 ♂ 1 ♀ (DJCP); ‘ España, Villaconejos, (Com. de Madrid), M. Alvarez lgt.’, 1 ♂ (DJCP); ‘ Villaconejos, Prov. Madrid, Spain; 6-IV-2014, J. Corominas leg.’, 1 ♂ (PKCS); ‘ España, 23.4.2008, Villaconejos (Madrid), Leg. Juan de la Rosa’, 2 ♂♂ (PTCL); ‘ Spain, 21.4.2013, Chincón (Madrid), Leg. Juan de la Rosa’, 1 ♂ 1♀ (PTCL). MURCIA AUTONOM. COMM.: ‘ Algezares, 30.iii.[18]94, Kb [Korb] [lgt.]’, 1 ♂ 2 ♀♀ (ZSMC); ‘ Murcia, Algezares, 1894, M. Korb [lgt.]’, 1 ♀ (MNHN); ‘ Murcia, Algezares, 1894, M. Korb [lgt.]’, 1 ♂ 1 ♀ (HFCB); ‘ Spain, Murcia, Caravala, 10.v.1980, R. Mourglia’, 1 ♂ (MRSNT), 1 ♂ 1 ♀ (MSNM); ‘ Murcia, 10.v.1980 ’, 1 ♂ (MSNG); ‘ Espagne (Murcia), Alhama de Murcia, Tonana, 23.x.[19]65, de Lajonquiere lgt.’, 1 ♂ (MNHN). NAVARRE AUTONOM. COMM.: NAVARRE PROV.: ‘ Carcar, Navarra’, 2 ♀♀ (MNHB). VALENCIAN AUTONOM. COMM.: ALICANTE PROV.: ‘ Spanien, Alicante, 14.vi.1960, Sattler-Remane lgt.’, 1 ♂ (ZSMC); ‘ Spanien, Calpe, 15.x.[19]76, Klaue lgt.’, 1♀ (ZFMK); ‘ España, Pantano del Amadorio, Villajoyosa, Alicante, leg. J. M. Beltrán, 13.iii.1987 ’, 1♂ (GMCL); ‘ Spain, Villa Joyosa (Alicante) 13.iv.1950 ’, 1♂ (VACP); ‘ Elche, 6.vi.[18]94, Kb [Korb] [lgt.]’, 1♀ (ZSMC). No further locality specified: ‘ Andalusia’, 1♀ (NHMB); ‘ Espagne, (Zaragosa), mts. SE of Torres, 10.v.80, C. Gonzalez lgt.’, 2 ♂♂ (MNHN); ‘ Spain’, 1 ♀ (OHCB); ‘ Spanien’, 1 ♀ (SMTD); ‘ Spanien, ex. coll. V. Balthasar, National Museum, Prague, Czech Republic’, 1 ♂ (NMPC). Description. Male (holotype). Remarkably convex, surface black, shiny, pronotum covered with double punctation, elytra microsculptured to smooth apically. Head (Figs 2, 15, 22, 28, 34). Clypeus broadly rounded, almost semicircular, anterior angles vague, posterior angles elevated. Frontal horn well developed, short, distinctly furcate apically; base weakly keeled on each side of anterior part of eyes. Clypeal disc with simple, coarse punctation. Oblique keels above eyes reaching approximately to eyes. Punctation of frons and vertex approximately same as on clypeus. Fronto-clypeal suture present. Eyes well developed, distinctly elliptic; genae extending eyes, arcuate posteriorly. Pronotum (Figs 2, 15, 22, 28) distinctly transverse; broadest just in basal quarter, entirely bordered; lateral margin evenly rounded, marginal carina not crenate, distinctly widened and elevated; lateral fovea almost missing. Pronotal punctation distinct, double, consisting of well and deeply impressed punctures with exception of basal part; punctures separated approximately by distance equal to their diameter, intermixed with very fine ones. Lateral hornlike apophyses well developed, remarkably cone-shaped, bent up and directed to sides. Apical hornlike apophysis distinct, but only weakly elevated, obtuse-angled, directed 30° frontoapically. Scutellar shield triangular, weakly longer than wide, microsculptured, alutaceous. Elytra approximately as long as wide, surface shiny, microsculptured, microsculpture vanishing apically; humeral umbone weak, between suture and humerus seven distinct striae along entire elytral length, all striae with distinctly confluent punctures; intervals convex. Parameres as in Fig. 61. Variability in males. Surface black to brownish; pronotal hornlike apophyses in medium developed and underdeveloped (hypothelic) specimens short, more or less straight, only simply rounded to almost acute apically. Female (allotype). Head (Figs 9, 40). Clypeus broadly rounded, nearly semicircular, anterior angles vague. Posterior angles of clypeal margin very weakly elevated. Frontal carina well developed, distinctly interrupted in middle, bituberculate on internal interruption. Punctation of clypeus, frons, vertex and occiput simple, distinct; oblique keels above eyes distinct, extended to half of eyes; eye well developed, distinctly elliptic, genae well developed, arcuate anteriorly and posteriorly. Pronotum (Fig. 9) distinctly transverse, lateral margin weakly widened, broadest just basally, surface distinctly deeply punctate, doubly except basally, punctures consisting of well and deeply impressed punctures, separated approximately by distance equal to their diameter, intermixed with very fine, pinned punctures. Anterior transverse protrusion distinct, sharply semicircular, lateral apophyses present. Elytron surface shiny, microsculptured, microsculpture vanishing to apex; humeral umbone weak. Measurements. Total body length 11.2–15.1 mm (holotype, ♂: 14.8 mm; allotype, ♀: 14.9 mm). Differential diagnosis. Refer to species key. Etymology. Patronymic; named in honour of our colleague Tristão Branco (Porto, Portugal), an excellent specialist in Scarabaeoidea. Collecting circumstances. Prefers calcareous soils. Distribution. North-eastern, Central and South-eastern parts of Spain (Fig. 59). Remarks. The historical faunal conception of B. bocchus based on MARSEUL (1857) and JACQUELIN DU VAL (1863) was inaccurate, and for 150 years, the distribution area of this species was reported incorrectly. The first theoretical analysis of this situation was published by BRANCO (2005). In the present study, we confirm, in all details, and follow Branco’s analysis. The Spanish specimens show distinct differences in morphological characters, as described in the identification key., Published as part of Hillert, Oliver, Arnone, Marcello, Král, David & Massa, Bruno, 2016, The genusBolbelasmus in the western and southern regions of the Mediterranean Basin (Coleoptera: Geotrupidae: Bolboceratinae), pp. 211-254 in Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 56 (1) on pages 217-223, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5306071, {"references":["JACQUELIN DU VAL P. N. C. 1863: Manuel entomologique. Genera des Coleopteres d'Europe comprenant leur classification en familles naturelles, la description de tous les genres, des Tableaux synoptiques destines a faciliter l'etude, le Catalogue de toutes les especes, de nombreux dessins au trait de caracteres. Tome troisieme (1859 - 1863). A. Deyrolle, Paris, 463 pp.","FUENTE Y MORALES J. M., DE LA 1926: Catalogo sistematico-geografico de los Coleopteros observados en la peninsula iberica, Pirineos propiamente dichos y Baleares. Boletin de la Sociedad Entomologica de Espana 8: 145 - 160.","SEABRA A. F. 1943: Contribuicoes para o inventario da fauna lusitanica. Insecta, Coleoptera. Memorias e Estudos do Museo Zoologico da Universidade de Coimbra 142: 1 - 152.","BARAUD J. 1977: Coleopteres Scarabaeoidea. Faune de l'Europe occidentale Belgique France Grande-Bretagne Italie Peninsule Iberique. Nouvelle Revue d'Entomologie, Supplement 7: 1 - 352.","RUANO MARCO L., MARTIN PIERA F. & ANDUJAR A. 1988: Los Scarabaeoidea de la provincia de Albacete (Coleoptera). Instituto de Estudios Albacetenses de la Excma. Disputacion de Albacete y CSIC. Confederation Espanola de Estudios Locales, Serie 1. Ensayos Historicos y Cientificos 32: 1 - 201.","LOPEZ-COLON J. I., GONZALEZ PENA C. & BELTRAN VALEN J. R. 1996: Familias: Geotrupidae, Ochodaeidae, Hybosoridae, Glaresidae y Trogidae (Insecta: Coleoptera, 9 (Familias 27 - 31): Scarabaeoidea). Catalogus de la Entomofauna Aragonesa 12: 3 - 14.","MARTIN-PIERA F. & LOPEZ-COLON J. I. 2000: Coleoptera, Scarabaeoidea I. In: RAMOS M. A. et al. (eds): Fauna Iberica Vol 14. Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales. Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, Madrid, 526 pp.","MIESSEN G. & TRICHAS A. 2011: Description d'un nouveau Bolbelasmus Boucomont, 1911 du sud de l'Archipel Egeen (Coleoptera, Scarabaeoidea, Bolboceratidae). Lambillionea 111: 182 - 188.","BAGUENA CORELLA L. 1967: Scarabaeoidea de la fauna Ibero-Balear y Pirenaica. Consejo superior de investigaciones cientificas Instituto Espanol de Entomologia, Madrid, 576 pp.","GONZALEZ PENA C. 1979: Contribucion al conocimientodel genero Bolbelasmus: su habitat, sus costimbres y su distribucion en Aragon. Boletin de la Asociacion Espanola de Entomologia 3: 23 - 27.","VERDU J. R., GALANTE E. & LUMARET J. P. 1998: Description de la larve de Bolbelasmus bocchus (Erichson) et position systematique du genre. Annales de la Societe Entomologique de France 34: 245 - 251.","AGOIZ-BUSTAMANTE J. L. 1998: Coleopteros interesantes atraidos por la luces de Penalba (Huesca). Boletin de la Sociedad Entomologica Aragonesa 21: 19 - 20.","AGOIZ-BUSTAMANTE J. L. 2003: Los Scarabaeoidea Laparosticti de Navarra (I): actualizacion y nuevos datos corologicos (Coleoptera). Boletin de la Sociedad Entomologica Aragonesa 32: 189 - 195.","KRIKKEN J. 1977: The genus Bolbelasmus Boucomont in Asia with notes on species occurring in other regions. Zoologische Mededelingen 51: 277 - 292.","BARAUD J. 1985: Coleopteres Scarabaeoidea. Faune du Nord de l'Afrique du Maroc au Sinai. Encyclopedie Entomologique - XLVI. Editions Lechevalier, Paris, 651 pp.","BARAUD J. 1992: Coleopteres Scarabaeoidea d'Europe. Faune de France, France et regions limitrophes, 78. Federation Francaise des Societes de Sciences Naturelles & Societe Linneenne de Lyon, Paris & Lyon, 856 pp.","BRANCO T. 2005: Contributions towards a catalogue of Scarabaeoidea of Portugal (Coleoptera). Elytron 19: 49 - 61.","KRAL D., LOBL I. & NIKOLAJEV G. V. 2006: Family Bolboceratidae Mulsant, 1842. Pp. 82 - 84. In: LOBL I. & SMETANA A. (eds): Catalogue of Palaearctic Coleoptera. Volume 3. Scarabaeoidea - Scirtoidea - Dascilloidea - Buprestoidea - Byrrhoidea. Apollo Books, Stenstrup, 690 pp.","ARNONE M. & MASSA B. 2010: A new species of Bolbelasmus Boucomont, 1911 from Sicily (Italy). Il Naturalista Siciliano 34: 401 - 414.","ERICHSON W. F. 1841: Ueber die Insecten von Algier mit besonderer Berucksichtigung ihrer Verbreitung. Pp. 140 - 194. In: WAGNER M. F.: Reisen in der Regentschaft Algier in den Jahren 1836, 1837 und 1838 nebst einem naturhistorischen Anhang und einem Kupferatlas. Dritter Band. L. Voss, Leipzig, xviii + 297 pp. + 17 pls.","MULSANT E. 1842: Histoire naturelle des Coleopteres de France. Lamellicornes. Maison Libraire, Paris & Imprimerie de Dumoulin, Ronet et Sibuet, Lyon, viii + 626 pp. + 3 pls.","ABEILLE DE PERRIN E. 1898: Descriptions de Coleopteres du Nord de l'Afrique. Bulletin de la Societe Entomologique de France 1898: 254 - 258.","MARSEUL S. A. 1857: Catalogue des coleopteres d'Europe. A. Dumenil, Paris, 200 pp."]}

Bolbelasmus makrisi Miessen, 2011 Bolbelasmus makrisi Miessen, 2011: 111 (original description), figs on pp. 116, 118–119 [not numbered]. Type locality. ‘Kourion, Lemesos, alt.: 50 m, Cyprus’. Type material examined (2 specimens). PARATYPES: CYPRUS: 1 ♂ 1 ♀, ‘Rizoelia nat. for. Park, Larnaka – CYPRUS, leg.: E. Kakouris, collection: G. Miessen, Bolbelasmus makrisi nov. sp., G. Miessen det. 2011, PARATYPUS [printed, red label]’ (GMCL). Additional material examined (64 specimens). CYPRUS: PAPHOS: Akamas NP, 5 km N of Lara, 13.–20.iii.2015, 1 ♂ 1 ♀, O. Hillert lgt. (OHCB); Akamas NP, Lara, 13.–20.iii.2015, 1 ♂, O. Hillert lgt. (OHCB); Miliou, N of Paphos, 13.–20.iii.2015, 1 ♂, O. Hillert lgt. (OHCB); Miliou, 34°56′22.23″N, 32°27′35.90″E, vivant dans piscine [alive in pool], 7.vi.2014, 1 ♂, G. Miessen lgt. (OHCB); Miliou, 34°56′21.66″N 32°27′35.59″E, attire par lampe UV [attracted by UV light], 7.vi.2014, 1 ♀, G. Miessen lgt. (OHCB); 5 km NE of Pegeia, Paphos env., 13.–20.iii.2015, 16 ♂♂ 15 ♀, O. Hillert lgt. (OHCB), 1 ♂ 1 ♀ (ERCS), 1 ♂ 1 ♀ (HKCS), 2 ♂♂ 1 ♀ (JSCP), 2 ♂♂ 2 ♀♀ (DKCP), 4 ♂♂ 2 ♀♀ (OBCB), 2 ♂♂ 2 ♀♀ (GMCL), 3 ♂♂ 3 ♀♀ (BMCP). Distribution. Cyprus (MIESSEN 2011)., Published as part of Hillert, Oliver, Arnone, Marcello, Král, David & Massa, Bruno, 2016, The genusBolbelasmus in the western and southern regions of the Mediterranean Basin (Coleoptera: Geotrupidae: Bolboceratinae), pp. 211-254 in Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 56 (1) on pages 245-246, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5306071, {"references":["MIESSEN G. 2011: Quelques commentaires sur le genre Bolbelasmus Boucomont, 1911 et description d'une nouvelle espece de Chypre. Lambillionea 111: 109 - 119."]}

Bolbelasmus bocchus (Erichson, 1841) (Figs 1, 8, 14, 21, 27, 33, 39, 45–51, 59–60) Bolbocerus Bocchus Erichson, 1841: 170 (original description). GORY (1841): table 71, figs 1, 1A (list); MARSEUL (1857): 83 (list); JACQUELIN DU VAL (1863): 434 (catalogue); BOUCOMONT (1902): 4 (catalogue); HEYDEN et al. (1906): 725 (catalogue); WINKLER (1927): 1035 (catalogue). Bolbelasmus bocchus: BOUCOMONT (1912): 17 (catalogue); WINKLER (1927): 1035 (catalogue); KOCHER (1958): 77 (catalogue); RUIZ (2000): 84 (distribution). Bolbelasmus bocchus [partim, populations from Morocco]: BARAUD (1977): 160 (monograph); MARTÍN- PIERA & LÓPEZ- COLÓN (2000): 179 (monograph). Bolbelasmus bocchus bocchus [partim, populations from Morocco]: KRIKKEN (1977): 290, figs 16–17 (revision); BARAUD (1985): 53, fig. 8 (monograph); BARAUD (1992): 44 (monograph); KRÁL et al. (2006): 82 (catalogue). Bolboceras Fissicornis Mulsant, 1843: 280 (original description). Type locality: ‘Algérie’. MARSEUL (1857): 83 (synonymy). Type locality. ‘ Algier, [Bona = Annaba]’ (see Type material for details). Type material examined (3 specimens). ALGERIA: LECTOTYPE (present designation): ♂ (MNHB), ‘Hist. – coll. (Coleoptera), Nr. 25569, Bolboceras Bocchus Er. – Kl., Bona, Wagner, Zool. Mus. Berlin, Syntypus, Bolbelasmus bocchus Erichson, 1841, labelled by MNHUB 2013 ’. PARALECTOTYPES: No. 1, ♀ (MNHB), ‘Hist. – coll. (Coleoptera), Nr. 25569, Bolboceras Bocchus Er. – Kl., Bona, Wagner, Zool. Mus. Berlin, Syntypus, Bolbelasmus bocchus Erichson, 1841, labelled by MNHUB 2013’; No. 2, ♂ (MNHB), ‘Hist. – coll. (Coleoptera), Nr. 25569, Bolboceras Bocchus Er. – Kl., Bona, Wagner, Zool. Mus. Berlin, Syntypus, Bolbelasmus bocchus Erichson, 184, labelled by MNHUB 2013’; see Figs 45–51. Additional material examined (183 specimens). ALGERIA: Algeria, 2 ♂♂ 1 ♀ (SMTD), 1 ♀ (MNHN), 2 ♂♂ 2 ♀♀ (BMNH); Algerie, 1 ♂ 2 ♀♀ (MHNL); Algerien, 3 ♂♂ (SMTD). ALGIERS PROV.: Alger (city), vi.1996, 1 ♂ (DKCP); Alger, 1♂ (MNHN); Algier, 2♂♂ (MNHB); L.Arba, 1♂ 1♀, Reitter [lgt.] (MNHN), 1 ♂ (VMCP). SIDI BEL ABBÈS PROV.: Chanzy, [18]90, 1 ♂, Vaulog [er] lgt. (ZSMC); Chanzy, 1890, 1 ♀, de Vauloger lgt. (MNHN). DJELFA PROV.: Takersan, iv.1893, 2 ♂♂ 3 ♀♀, A Ben Yacoub [lgt.] (MNHN); Takersan, Djelfa, 17.v. 1924, 1 ♂ (DKCC). EL BAYADH PROV.: Region de Geryville, vi.1910, 3 ♂♂ 8 ♀♀, Harold Powell lgt. (MNHN); Le Kreider, v.[18]96, 1 ♂ 1 ♀ (MNHN); El Kreider, v.1896, 4 ♂♂ 2 ♀♀, Dr. A. Chobaut lgt. (MNHN), 2 ♂♂ 1 ♀ (LHCB); El-Kreider (Oran), 1 ♂, L. Bleuse [lgt.] (ZFMK); Kreider, 1 ♂, Bedel [lgt.] (MNHB), 1 ♀ (ZSMC), 1 ♂ 2 ♀♀ (MNHN); Kreider, 4 ♂♂ 4 ♀♀, Bedel lgt. (MNHN); Kreider, 3 ♂♂ 4 ♀♀ (MNHN), 1 ♂ (NMPC), 4 ♀♀ (ZFMK). LAGHOUAT PROV.: Aflou, 4.iv.1981, 1 ♂, H. Pierotti [lgt.] (MSNG). MASCARA PROV.: Oran, Mascara, iv.–v.1913, 24 ♂♂ 9 ♀♀, G. Le Comte lgt. (MNHN); Mascara, 1 ♂, Dr. A. Cobos lgt. (MNHN); Mascara, 1 ♂ (NHMB), 1 ♂ 1 ♀ (VMCP). M’SILA PROV. : Ain-Ograb, 1♀, Dr. Martin [lgt.] (ZFMK). NAÂMA PROV.: Mecheria, 1 ♀ (MNHN). ORAN PROV.: Magenta (prov. d’Oran), 1 ♂, E. Duroux [lgt.] (ZFMK); Magenta (Oran), 1 ♂ (DKCC); Oran, R. J. 3.xi.1903 1 ♂, B. [? lgt.] (MNHN); Oran, 1 ♂, coll. R. Paulian (MNHN); Oran, Magenta, 1915, 1 ♂, M. Rotrou lgt. (MNHN); Magenta, 1 ♀ (MNHN). TLEMCEN PROV.: Lambaze, vi.1885, 2 ♂♂, L. Bleuse lgt. (MNHN); Sebdou, 1903, 1 ♂ (MNHN). MOROCCO: GHARB- CHRARDA- BÈNI HSSEN REG.: KÉNITRA PROV.: s.[south of] Oujda, Ain-el Kerma, v.1972, 2 ♂♂ 1 ♀, D. Bernh [auer] lgt. (JSCS). MEKNÈS- TAFILALET REG.: IFRANE PROV.: Mittlerer Atlas, Ifrane, 1700 m, 8.–9.vi.[19]96, 1 ♀, A. Kallies lgt. (OHCB); Middle Atlas, Azrou, 18.–19.vi.1936, 1 ♂, K.H. Chapman & G.A. Bisset [lgt.] (BMNH); Moyen-Atlas, near Jbel Hebri, 12.v.1980, 1 ♂, J. Gourvès rec. [lgt.] (MHNL); Azrou, Foret de Cedres, 10.v.[19]95, 1 ♂, Jiří Hájek lgt. (JSCP), 1 ♂ (NMPC); Azrou, 10.v.1995, 1 ♀, M. Rozsíval lgt. (JZCJ); Ifrane env., 3.v.1995, 1 ♂, J. Bechr lgt. (PJCL); Ifrane, v.[19]95, 1 ♂, J. Holiš lgt. (JZCJ); Ifrane, Dayet Iffer, 26.iv.2014, 11 ♂♂ 5 ♀♀, O. Boilly lgt. (OBCB); Ifrane, 8.vi.1973, 2 ♀♀ (SJCP); Ifrane, 1.v.68, 1 ♂, J. Gallet lgt. (MNHN); Ifrane, 11.v.[19]67, 2 ♂♂ 1 ♀, Y. Lajonquier lgt. (MNHN); NE of Ifrane, Dayt-Ifrah, 17.v.2003, 1 ♀, M. Snížek lgt. (VKCC); Taforalt (Oujda), 11.iv.1992, 1 ♂ 1 ♀, G. Chavanon lgt. (IECA); Zad Pass, 2180 m, 24.iv.2014, 1 ♂, O. Boilly lgt. (OBCB ). ORIENTAL REG.: BERKANE PROV.: Taforal, Beni Snassen (Parc Naturel), iii.[19]51, 1 ♀, Antoine lgt. (MNHN). JERADA PROV.: W [of] Touissite, Jbel Mahsor, 34°29′46″N 01°46′50″W, 1050 m, 2 ♀♀, R. Rejzek lgt. (JSCP). OUJIDA- ANGAD PROV.: Torf. Ouazane, pr.[prope] Oujda, vi.[19]35, (Lacous), 1 ♂ 1 ♀ (MNHN). TAOURIRT PROV.: Gaada de Debdou plat[eau]., E of Rchida, 33°52′N 3°10′W, ca. 1420–1550 m, 20.–21.iii.2013, 1 ♂ 1 ♀, D. Král lgt. (DKCP); Gaada de Debdou plat[eau]., E of Rchida, 33°52′N 3°10′W, ca. 1420–1550 m, 20.–21.iii.2013, 3 ♂♂ 1 ♀, O. Hillert lgt. (OHCB). SPAIN (territory in Morroco): MELILLA AUTONOM. COMM.: 1 ♂ 1 ♀, Melilla, Pardo Alcaide [lgt.] (MSNG); 2 ♂♂ 2♀♀, Rostrogardo, Melilla, Pardo Alcaide lgt. (MNHN); 1♀, same label data (MSNT); Taurirt (Beni Sicar), Melilla Maruecos, 1 ♂ 1 ♀, Pardo Alcaide lgt. (MNHN). NOT LOCATED: Borkine, 10.vi[19]29, Le Cerf, 1 ♂ (MNHN); Daya, 1 ♂ 1 ♀, Bedel lgt. (MNHN); Daja, 1 ♀ (MNHN). Redescription. Male (lectotype) (Figs 45–47). Remarkably convex, hemispherical; dorsal surface brownish, remarkably shiny. Head (Figs 45–47). Clypeus broadly rounded, almost semicircular, anterior angles vague, posterior angles elevated. Frontal horn well developed, long, distinctly furcate apically; its base outline elliptic in dorsal aspect, posterior edge of base situated at level of anterior part of eye; lateral margin of horn distinctly, sharply keeled from base to middle of tubercle. Clypeal disc with simple, coarse punctation. Oblique keels above eyes reaching approximately to half of eyes. Punctation of frons and vertex approximately same as on clypeus. Fronto-clypeal suture present. Eyes well developed, distinctly elliptic; genae exceeding eyes, arcuate posteriorly. Pronotum (Figs 45–47) distinctly transverse, broadest just in basal quarter, entirely bordered; lateral margin evenly rounded, marginal carina not crenate, distinctly widened and elevated; lateral fovea nearly missing. Pronotal punctation distinct, double, consisting of coarse, deeply impressed punctures, punctures separated by approximately 2–3 times their diameter and intermixed with very fine ones. Pronotal base glabrous; lateral hornlike apophyses well developed, directed forwardly in dorso-lateral view; cavity between lateral and apical apophyses remarkably deep, kidney-shaped. Apical hornlike apophysis well developed, distinctly elevated, angled, directed upwards, subapical protrusion situated on outer side, basally. Scutellar shield elongate triangular, very finely punctate, shiny. Elytra approximately as long as wide, surface shiny; humeral umbone weak; between humerus and elytral suture seven distinctly impressed striae along entire elytral length, striae with coarse, regularly spaced punctures; intervals flat, impunctate. Aedeagus. Parameres as in Fig. 60. Variability in males. Surface black to brownish; pronotal hornlike apophyses in medium developed and underdeveloped (hypothelic) specimens short, more or less straight, only simply rounded to almost acute apically. Female (Paralectotype No. 1). Head (Fig. 48). Clypeus broadly rounded, semicircular with straight anterior margin, anterior angles evenly rounded. Posterior angles of clypeal margin very weakly elevated. Frontal carina well developed, distinctly interrupted at middle, bituberculate at internal interruption, keeled laterally. Punctation of clypeus, frons, vertex and occiput simple, distinct; oblique keel above eyes distinct, extended to half of eyes; eyes well developed, distinctly elliptic, genae well developed, regularly arcuate. Pronotum (Fig. 48) distinctly transverse, lateral margin weakly widened, broadest just at base, surface distinctly and deeply punctate, punctation double except impunctate base, punctures separated by distance equal to their diameter and intermixed with very fine ones. Anterior protrusion distinctly transverse, sharply semicircular, lateral apophyses present. Measurements. Total body length 11.0–14.8 mm (lectotype, ♂: 13.5 mm; paralectotype No.1, ♀: 14.0 mm). Differential diagnosis. Refer to species key. Collecting circumstances. Prefers calcareous soils. Distribution. Mediterranean parts of Algeria and northern Morocco (Fig. 59). Remarks. The type locality of B. bocchus is ‘Algier’, the species has been recorded also from Spain (not Portugal: BRANCO 2005), northern Algeria and northern Morocco (cf. e.g. KRIKKEN 1977; BARAUD 1977, 1985, 1992; KRÁL et al. 2006; MARTÍN- PIERA & LÓPEZ- COLÓN 2000; RUIZ 2000). Regarding the presence in Spain, we consider the Iberian populations to belong to another species, described in this paper as B. brancoi sp. nov. The populations distributed in northern Tunisia and probably also in eastern parts of Algeria were at first referred to another species, Bolbelasmus vaulogeri, later synonymized with B. bocchus by BOUCOMONT (1911) and considered a subspecies of B. bocchus by KRIKKEN (1977). We consider these populations to represent a valid species and identical to populations of Sicily described recently as B. romanorum Arnone & Massa, 2010 (syn. nov.). We also consider the populations native to Middle and South Tunisia, Libya (Tripolitania, Cyrenaica) (SCHATZMAYR 1946) and Egypt (Mariout) (PIC 1924) to be a distinct species, B. nikolajevi sp. nov., described in this paper. Finally, CHIKATUNOV & PAVLÍČEK (1997) reported B. bocchus from Israel, but we did not have the opportunity to study any Bolbelasmus material from the Levant countries. ERICHSON (1841) described Bolboceras bocchus based on a series of unknown number of specimens. He did not establish a type; thus in this study, we designated a lectotype (♂) (Figs 45–47, 49) and two paralectotypes for fixation of this taxon (Figs 48, 50–51). Bolboceras fissicornis Mulsant, 1843 was also described from ‘Algéria’ based on the same morphological characters of B. bocchus (‘tête armée d’une corne non mobile, bifide au sommet [= head armed with immobile horn, furcate apically]’) (MULSANT 1843) and later synonymized with B. bocchus by MARSEUL (1857). This important character of B. bocchus is shown also in GORY (1841: table 71, figs 1, 1A)., Published as part of Hillert, Oliver, Arnone, Marcello, Král, David & Massa, Bruno, 2016, The genusBolbelasmus in the western and southern regions of the Mediterranean Basin (Coleoptera: Geotrupidae: Bolboceratinae), pp. 211-254 in Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 56 (1) on pages 214-216, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5306071, {"references":["ERICHSON W. F. 1841: Ueber die Insecten von Algier mit besonderer Berucksichtigung ihrer Verbreitung. Pp. 140 - 194. In: WAGNER M. F.: Reisen in der Regentschaft Algier in den Jahren 1836, 1837 und 1838 nebst einem naturhistorischen Anhang und einem Kupferatlas. Dritter Band. L. Voss, Leipzig, xviii + 297 pp. + 17 pls.","GORY H. L. 1841: Description de cinq especes de Coleopteres de Constantine et d'Oran, nouvelles ou peu connues. Magasin de Zoologie d'Anatomie Comparee et de Palaeontologie 11: 1 - 4 + pls 71 - 74.","MARSEUL S. A. 1857: Catalogue des coleopteres d'Europe. A. Dumenil, Paris, 200 pp.","JACQUELIN DU VAL P. N. C. 1863: Manuel entomologique. Genera des Coleopteres d'Europe comprenant leur classification en familles naturelles, la description de tous les genres, des Tableaux synoptiques destines a faciliter l'etude, le Catalogue de toutes les especes, de nombreux dessins au trait de caracteres. Tome troisieme (1859 - 1863). A. Deyrolle, Paris, 463 pp.","BOUCOMONT A. 1902: Coleoptera Lamellicornia Fam. Geotrupidae. In: WYTSMAN P. (ed.): Genera Insectorum Fascicule VII. Verteneuil & Desmet, Bruxelles, 20 pp. + 1 pl.","HEYDEN L., REITTER E. & WEISE J. 1906: Catalogus Coleopterorum Europae, Caucasi et Armeniae rossicae, editio secunda. E. Reitter ed., Paskau, 774 pp.","BOUCOMONT A. 1912: Scarabaeidae: Taurocerastinae, Geotrupinae. In: SCHENKLING S. (ed.): Coleopterorum Catalogus, Pars 46. W. Junk, Berlin, 47 pp.","KOCHER L. 1958: Catalogue commente des coleopteres du Maroc. Fascicule VII: Lamellicornes. Travaux de l'Institut Scientifique Cherifien, Serie Zoologie 16: 1 - 83.","RUIZ J. L. 2000: Bolbelasmus bocchus (Erichson, 1841) y Allotrypes mandibularis (Reitter, 1896): nuevos registros marroquies (Coleoptera: Geotrupidae). Boletin de la Sociedad Entomologica Aragonesa 27: 74 - 75.","BARAUD J. 1977: Coleopteres Scarabaeoidea. Faune de l'Europe occidentale Belgique France Grande-Bretagne Italie Peninsule Iberique. Nouvelle Revue d'Entomologie, Supplement 7: 1 - 352.","MARTIN-PIERA F. & LOPEZ-COLON J. I. 2000: Coleoptera, Scarabaeoidea I. In: RAMOS M. A. et al. (eds): Fauna Iberica Vol 14. Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales. Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, Madrid, 526 pp.","KRIKKEN J. 1977: The genus Bolbelasmus Boucomont in Asia with notes on species occurring in other regions. Zoologische Mededelingen 51: 277 - 292.","BARAUD J. 1985: Coleopteres Scarabaeoidea. Faune du Nord de l'Afrique du Maroc au Sinai. Encyclopedie Entomologique - XLVI. Editions Lechevalier, Paris, 651 pp.","BARAUD J. 1992: Coleopteres Scarabaeoidea d'Europe. Faune de France, France et regions limitrophes, 78. Federation Francaise des Societes de Sciences Naturelles & Societe Linneenne de Lyon, Paris & Lyon, 856 pp.","KRAL D., LOBL I. & NIKOLAJEV G. V. 2006: Family Bolboceratidae Mulsant, 1842. Pp. 82 - 84. In: LOBL I. & SMETANA A. (eds): Catalogue of Palaearctic Coleoptera. Volume 3. Scarabaeoidea - Scirtoidea - Dascilloidea - Buprestoidea - Byrrhoidea. Apollo Books, Stenstrup, 690 pp.","MULSANT E. 1843: Description de quelques Coleopteres inedits. Annales des Sciences Physiques et Naturelle d'Agriculture et d'Industrie or Annales de la Societe Linneenne de Lyon 6: 276 - 286.","BRANCO T. 2005: Contributions towards a catalogue of Scarabaeoidea of Portugal (Coleoptera). Elytron 19: 49 - 61.","BOUCOMONT A. 1911: Contribution a la classification des Geotrypidae (Col.). Annales de la Societe Entomologique de France 79: 333 - 350.","ARNONE M. & MASSA B. 2010: A new species of Bolbelasmus Boucomont, 1911 from Sicily (Italy). Il Naturalista Siciliano 34: 401 - 414.","SCHATZMAYR A. 1946: Gli Scarabeidi coprofagi della Libia e dell'Egitto. Atti Societa Italiana Scienze Naturali Milano 85: 40 - 84.","PIC M. 1924: Habitats et notes concernant divers Coleopteres interessants d'Egypte. Bulletin de la Societe Royale Entomologique d'Egypte 1923: 125 - 129.","CHIKATUNOV V. & PAVLICEK T. 1997: Catalogue of the beetles in Israel and adjacent areas: 1. Scarabaeoidea. Klapalekiana 33: 37 - 65."]}

Bolbelasmus unicornis (Schrank von Paula, 1789) Scarabaeus unicornis Schrank von Paula, 1789: 61 (original description). = Scarabaeus aeneas Panzer, 1793: pl. 5 (original illustration). = Scarabaeus quadridens Panzer, 1795: 2 (original description), figs 1–4. Type localities. Scarabaeus aeneas: Germany, ‘ Bavariae’; S. quadridens: ‘Austriae, Bavariae’; S. unicornis: Austria, ‘ Aus der Sammlung des Hrn. Rathes Schiffermüller’. Material examined (85 specimens). AUSTRIA: Austria,2♂♂ 1♀ (MSNG); Oesterreich, 1♂ (OHCB); Österr. [eich], 1 ♂ (ZFMK). WIEN: Umg. Wien, 1♀, Ad. Hoffmann [lgt.] (ZFMK). BOSNIA & HERZEGOVINA: Herzegovina, 1 ♂ (ZFMK). CZECH REPUBLIC: MORAVIA: Čejč, ‘ Manson’s steppe’, 16.vi.1995, 1♂, Vít Kubáň lgt. (VKCB); 2 km SE of Čejč, ‘ Manson steppe’, 29.vi.1999, 1♀, Vít Kubáň lgt.(VKCB); Prossnitz [= Prostějov], 1♂, K. Kyselý lgt. (NHMB). HUNGARY: Hungaria, 1 ♂ 2 ♀♀ (NMPC). PEST: Budapest Hármashatar-hegy, autos hálózás 31.v.2004, 1 ♂, O. Merkl lgt. (HNHM); Budapest, Martonhegy 17.iii.1949, 1 ♂ (HNHM); Isaszeg, 19.i.2008, 1 ♀ (HNHM); Kesztölc, 47°43′N, 18°47′E, 17.x.2014, 1 ♀, Tomáš Vendl lgt. (TVCP); Pest, 1 ♀ (NMEC); Csévharaszt 14-16. viii.2001, 1 ♂, Szél lgt. (HNHM); Blatorbagy, 27.vi.99, 1 ♂, G. András lgt. (HNHM); Budakeszi Hosszú-dűlő, 200 m, Cynodonto-Festucetum, on Glomus macrocarpum, 8.vi.1991, 1 ♀, L. Ádám lgt. (HNHM). SOMOGY: Kaposvár 8.vii.1931, 1 ♂, M. Nattán lgt. (HNHM); Kaposvár, 1♀, M. Nattán lgt. (HNHM). TOLNA: Bátaapáti Nagy-Mórágyi- völgy Ezüsthársas-tolgyes, 1 ♀ (HNHM). GERMANY: BAYERN: Bavaria, 1 ♂, ex. coll. Veselý (NMPC). ITALY: PIEDMONT: Piemont, 1 ♂ (NMPC); Piedmont, 1 ♂, Baudi [lgt.] (MZUF); Piedmont, 1 ♂, L. Carrara [lgt.] (MZUF); Piedmont, 4♂♂ 2♀♀ (MSNG). LOMBARDY: Milan 1♂ 1♀ (MSNG). TUSCANY: Toscana, 1♀ (OHCB). ROMANIA: TULCEA: Babadag, 11.vii.1985, 1 ♂, Jaromír Hanuš lgt. (VKCB). SĂLAJ: Z. [Zalău], erdōd [= forest], 3.viii.1973, 1 ♀ (OHCB). SERBIA: Serbia, 1 ♂, coll. Matcha (NMPC). VOJVODINA: Ruma, 1 ♂ (MSNG); ŠUMADIJA: Đerdap, 5 km WSW of Tekija, 27.–28.v.2014, 2 ♂♂ 1 ♀ (DKCP). SLOVAKIA: BANSKÁ BYSTRICA REG.: Banská Bystrica, 18.v.1979, 1 ♂ (VKCC); Kiarov, vi.1936, 1 ♀, Dr. R. Schwarz lgt. (NMPC). KOŠICE REG.: Hrhov, E of Okrúhle hill, 4.vii.1988, 2 ♂♂, David Král lgt. (DKCP); Silická planina [plateau], Rakaťa env., 5.vii.1988, 1 ♀, David Král lgt. (DKCP); NITRA REG.: Kamenica nad Hronom, Čierna hora [hill], 11.viii.2011, 1 ♂, D. Juřena lgt. (BMCP). PREŠOV REG.: Snina, vii.1965, 1 ♂, M. Sláma lgt. (DKCP); TRENČÍN REG.: Brunovce, 1 ♀ (NMEC); Trenčín, Zlatovce, 27.vi.1935, 1♀ (NMPC); Trenčín, v.[19]31, 1♀, Dr.A.Richter (NMPC); Trenčín, Zlatovce, vi.[19]26, 1♀, Čepelák lgt. (NMPC); Trenčín, 2 ♂♂ 3 ♀♀, Čepelák lgt. (DKCP), 9 ♂♂ 8 ♀♀ (NMPC), 2 ♂♂ 1 ♀ (OHCB); Trenčín, 1 ♂ 1 ♀ (NMPC); Trenčín, 1 ♀, V. Steidl lgt. (NMPC); Trenčín, 1 ♂ 1 ♀, Dr.A. Richter lgt. (NMPC); Trenčín. Inovec, 1 ♂, Čepelák lgt. (NMPC); Trenczsen, 1 ♂ 1 ♀ (OHCB). TRNAVA REG.: Hlohovec, 1 ♀, Varkonyi [lgt.] (DKCP); Pustá Ves, 22.vii.1984, 1 ♀, Máslo lgt. (NMPC). TURKEY (European): EDIRNE PROV.: ca. 15 km east of Edirne, 27.iii.[19]88, 1 ♀, Heinz lgt. (DKCP). (Asian): DENIZLI PROV.: Anatolien, Goundely [= Denizli], v. [19]56, 1 ♂, Kulzer lgt. (ZSMC). UKRAINE: CHERNIHIV PROV.: Bukowina, Chernowitz, 1 ♀ (NMPC). Remarks. Bolbelasmus unicornis has so far been reported from France and Italy, across southern parts of Central Europe to the Balkan Peninsula, Ukraine and southern parts of European Russia (cf. e.g. ÁDÁM 1994, 2003; ALLENSPACH 1970; BALLERIO et al. 2010; BARAUD 1977, 1992; BUNALSKI et al. 2013; ENDRŐDI 1957; HORION 1958, GUÉORGUIEV & BUNALSKI 2004; JUŘENA et al. 2008; KÖHLER & KLAUSNITZER 1998; KRÁL & MALÝ 1993; MIKŠIĆ 1970; LUMARET 1990; NÁDAI 2006; PAILL 2008; PETROVITZ 1956; SHOKHIN 2007). It has also been recorded from Crete and Rhodes, but actually these islands are inhabited by B. makrisi (see above) (SCHATZAMAYR 1936, PETROVITZ 1959, MIESSEN 2011, MIESSEN & TRICHAS 2011, present paper). Italian records of B. unicornis cover Piedmont, Lombardy, Trentino, Tuscany, Veneto and Friuli (BALLERIO 2008, BENASSO 1971, ZANDIGIACOMO 2006, present data). The presence in Sicily, first reported by BARAUD (1977), has to be referred to B. vaulogeri (present study). First record from the Tuscany province of Italy. Distribution. Austria, Bosnia & Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, France (Alsace), Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Moldavia, Poland, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Switzerland, Turkey (European and Asian) and Ukraine (KRÁL et al. 2006, present data)., Published as part of Hillert, Oliver, Arnone, Marcello, Král, David & Massa, Bruno, 2016, The genusBolbelasmus in the western and southern regions of the Mediterranean Basin (Coleoptera: Geotrupidae: Bolboceratinae), pp. 211-254 in Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 56 (1) on pages 246-247, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5306071, {"references":["SCHRANK VON PAULA F. 1789: Entomologische Beobachtungen. Der Naturforscher 24: 60 - 90.","PANZER G. W. F. 1793: Beytrage zur Geschichte der Insekten [= Symbolae Entomologicae]. I. Theil. Johan Jakob Palm, Erlangen, 24 pp. + 6 pls.","PANZER G. W. F. 1795: Entomologia germanica exhibens insecta per germaniam indigena secundum classes, ordines, genera, species adjectis synonymis, locis, observationibus. I. Eleutherata. Felssecker, Norimbergae, [8] + 12 + 368 + 2 pp.","ADAM L. 1994: A check-list of the Hungarian Scarabaeoidea with the description of ten new taxa (Coleoptera). Folia Entomologica Hungarica 55: 5 - 17.","ADAM L. 2003: Faunisztikai adatok a Karpat-medencebol (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea). (Faunistic records from the Carpathian Basin (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea )). Folia Historico Naturalia Musei Matraensis 27: 101 - 136 (in Hungarian, English abstract).","ALLENSPACH V. 1970: Coleoptera Scarabaeidae, Lucanidae. Insecta Helvetica. Catalogus 2. Imprimerie la Concorde, Lausanne, 186 pp.","BALLERIO A., REY A., ULIANA M., RASTELLI M., RASTELLI S., ROMANO M. & COLACURCIO L. 2010: Coleotteri Scarabeoidei d ' Italia. Piccole Faune. Museo Civico di Storia Naturale, Carmagnola, DVD.","BARAUD J. 1977: Coleopteres Scarabaeoidea. Faune de l'Europe occidentale Belgique France Grande-Bretagne Italie Peninsule Iberique. Nouvelle Revue d'Entomologie, Supplement 7: 1 - 352.","BARAUD J. 1992: Coleopteres Scarabaeoidea d'Europe. Faune de France, France et regions limitrophes, 78. Federation Francaise des Societes de Sciences Naturelles & Societe Linneenne de Lyon, Paris & Lyon, 856 pp.","BUNALSKI M., SIENKIEWICZ P., KUBASIK W., KONWERSKI S. & PALKA K. 2013: Materialy do poznania rozmieszczenia chrzaszczy Zachodniej Polski. Czesc 4. Bolboceratidae. (Contribution to the knowledge of beetles (Coleoptera) distribution in Western Poland. Part 4. Bolboceratidae). Wiadomosci Entomologiczne 32: 259 - 265 (in Polish, English Summary).","ENDRODI S. 1957: A lemezescsapu bogarak (Lamellicomia) karpatmedencei lelohelyadatai. [Lamellicornia (Coleoptera) ot the Carpathian basin]. Rovartani Kozlemenyek (Series Nova) 10: 145 - 226 (in Hungarian).","HORION A. 1958: Faunistik der Mitteleuropaischen Kafer. Band VI: Lamellicornia (Scarabaeidae-Lucanidae). A Feyel, Uberlingen - Bodensee, xxiv + 343 pp.","GUEORGUIEV B. & BUNALSKI M. 2004: Critical review of the families Glaresidae, Lucanidae, Trogidae, Bolboceratidae, Geotrupidae, Hybosoridae and Ochodaeidae in Bulgaria. Acta Zoologica Bulgarica 56: 253 - 276.","JURENA D., TYR V. & BEZDEK A. 2008: Prispevek k faunistickemu vyzkumu listorohych brouku (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea) na uzemi Ceske republiky a Slovenska. (Contribution to the faunistic research on Scarabaeoidea (Coleoptera) in the Czech Republic and Slovakia). Klapalekiana 44 (Supplementum): 17 - 176 (in Czech, English summary).","KOHLER F. & KLAUSNITZER B. (eds) 1998: Verzeichnis der Kafer Deutschlands. Entomologische Nachrichten und Berichte, Beiheft 4: 1 - 185.","KRAL D. & MALY V. 1993: New records of Scarabaeoidea (Coleoptera) from Bulgaria. Acta Societatis Zoologicae Bohemicae 57: 17 - 29.","LUMARET J. - P. 1990: Atlas des Coleopteres Scarabeides Laparosticti de France. Serie des Inventaires de Faune et de Flore 1: 1 - 419.","NADAI L. 2006: A Bolboceratinae alcsalad magyarorszagi fajainak lolohelyadatai (Coleoptera, Scarabaeoidea: Geotrupidae). (Hungarian localities of the species of Bolboceratinae (Coleoptera, Scarabaeoidea: Geotrupidae )). Folia Historico Naturalia Musei Matraensis 30: 205 - 210 (in Hungarian, English abstract).","PAILL W. 2008: Wiederfund von Bolbelasmus unicornis (Schrank, 1789) in der Wiener Donauauen (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea: Geotrupidae). Beitrage zur Entomofaunistik 8: 165 - 171.","PETROVITZ R. 1956: Die koprophagen Scarabaeiden des nordlichen Burgenlandes. Wissenschaftliche Arbeiten aus dem Burgenland 13: 4 - 24.","SHOKHIN I. V. 2007: Contribution to the fauna of lamellicorn beetles of southern Russia, with some nomenclatural changes in the family Scarabaeidae. Caucasian Entomological Bulletin 3: 105 - 185.","PETROVITZ R. 1959: Beitrag zur Scarabeiden - Fauna der Insel Rhodos. Bollettino del Laboratorio di Entomologia Agraria 17: 124 - 130.","MIESSEN G. 2011: Quelques commentaires sur le genre Bolbelasmus Boucomont, 1911 et description d'une nouvelle espece de Chypre. Lambillionea 111: 109 - 119.","MIESSEN G. & TRICHAS A. 2011: Description d'un nouveau Bolbelasmus Boucomont, 1911 du sud de l'Archipel Egeen (Coleoptera, Scarabaeoidea, Bolboceratidae). Lambillionea 111: 182 - 188.","BALLERIO A. 2008: Insetti da proteggere: la tutela entomologica in Italia. Quaderni Stazione Ecologica Civico Museo Storia Naturale Ferrara 18: 21 - 35.","BENASSO G. 1971: Una specie nuova per il Friuli: Bolbelasmus unicornis (Schrank) (Coleoptera Geotrupidae). Atti del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Trieste 27: 167 - 172.","ZANDIGIACOMO P. 2006: Nuovo rinvenimento di Bolbelasmus unicornis (Schrank) (Coleoptera, Geotrupidae) in Friuli Venezia Giulia. Bollettino della Societa Naturalistica ' Silvia Zenari' 29: 75 - 79.","KRAL D., LOBL I. & NIKOLAJEV G. V. 2006: Family Bolboceratidae Mulsant, 1842. Pp. 82 - 84. In: LOBL I. & SMETANA A. (eds): Catalogue of Palaearctic Coleoptera. Volume 3. Scarabaeoidea - Scirtoidea - Dascilloidea - Buprestoidea - Byrrhoidea. Apollo Books, Stenstrup, 690 pp."]}

Identification key for well and medium developed males 1 (10) Scutellar shield impunctate or indistinctly shallowly punctate, frontal horn simple or furcate apically. 2 (5) Frontal horn simple; genae evenly rounded; oblique keel above eyes over whole eyes length; head strongly constricted behind eyes. 3 (4) Frontal horn directed forwards and upwards in lateral view; clypeus with short transversal carina; scutellar shield triangular, approximately as long as wide; body surface brownish, maximal body length 14 mm. Southern parts of Central Europe, Alsace, Italy, Balkan Peninsula, Poland, Russia and Ukraine........................................................................................................ B. unicornis (Schrank von Paula, 1789) 4 (3) Frontal horn bending not forwards (Figs 19–20); transversal clypeal carina absent; scutellar shield triangular longer than wide; body surface blackish, maximal body length 13 mm (Figs 6–7, 38); aedeagus as in Fig. 65; Algeria, Italy (Sicily) and Tunisia (Fig. 59)................................................ B. vaulogeri (Abeille de Perrin, 1898) 5 (2) Frontal horn furcate apically; genae more or less angulate anterolaterally; oblique keel above eyes reaching only to anterior part of eyes; head not strongly constricted behind eyes. 6 (7) Frontal horn short and not longer than broad, horn apex approximately as wide as horn base (Figs 2, 15, 22); pronotal punctation denser with exception of basal part, punctures separated approximately by distance equal to their diameters; pronotal base with distinct visible but fine, regularly pinned points; elytral striae well impressed, visible as complete lines; elytral intervals moderately convex; aedeagus as in Fig. 61; Spain (Fig. 59).................................. B. brancoi Hillert & Král sp. nov. 7 (6) Frontal horn long, longer than broad, horn becoming gradually thinner from base to apex (Figs 1, 5, 14, 18, 21, 25, 27, 31, 33, 37, 57); pronotal punctation sparser, punctures separated by approximately three times their diameters; pronotal base with very fine, weakly visible and well separated pinned points; elytral striae not impressed, visible as row of punctures; elytral intervals flat; nothern Africa. 8 (9) Base of frontal horn situated at level of anterior part of eyes; horn sharply keeled from base to half of its length in dorsal aspect (Figs 1, 14, 21, 27, 33); medial hornlike apophysis of pronotum directed vertically upwards in lateral aspect, subapical protrusion situated basally; lateral hornlike apophyses of pronotum directed forwards and weakly divergent; aedeagus as in Fig. 60; Algeria and Morocco (Fig. 59)................................................................................ B. bocchus (Erichson, 1841) 9 (8) Base of frontal horn situated at level of posterior part of eyes; horn broadly keeled from base to apex in dorsal view (Figs 5, 18, 25, 31, 37, 57); medial hornlike apophysis of pronotum directed obliquely forwards in lateral aspect, subapical protrusion situated near apex; lateral hornlike apophyses of pronotum directed forwards; aedeagus as in Fig 64; Egypt, Libya and Tunisia (Fig. 59)................................................................................................ B. nikolajevi Hillert, Arnone, Král & Massa sp. nov. 10 (1) Scutellar shield densely punctate; frontal horn simple apically. 11 (12) Apex of frontal horn approximately as wide as horn base, apex broadly acute-angled, strongly flattened on front part of apex (Figs 3, 16, 23, 29, 35); aedeagus as in Fig. 62; France (including Corsica), Portugal and Spain (Fig. 59)........................................................................................................................... B. gallicus (Mulsant, 1842) 12 (11) Apex of frontal horn becoming gradually thinner from base to apex, apex acute-angled, only weakly flattened on front part of apex (Figs 4, 17, 24, 30, 36); aedeagus as in Fig. 63; Spain, Gibraltar (Fig. 59)................. B. howdeni Hillert & Král sp. nov. Identification key for less developed males 1 (10) Scutellar shield impunctate or weakly shallowly punctate, frontal horn simple or furcate apically. 2 (5) Frontal horn simple; genae regularly rounded; oblique keel above eyes extending over whole eyes length; head strongly constricted behind eyes. 3 (4) Scutellar shield triangular, approximately as long as wide; body surface brownish, maximal body length 12 mm. Southern parts of Central Europe, Alsace, Italy, Balkan Peninsula, Poland, Russia and Ukraine..... B. unicornis (Schrank von Paula, 1789) 4 (3) Scutellar shield triangular, longer than wide; body surface blackish, maximal body length 11 mm; aedeagus as in Fig. 65; Algeria, Italy (Sicily) and Tunisia (Fig. 59)........................................................................ B. vaulogeri (Abeille de Perrin, 1898) 5 (2) Frontal horn furcate apically; genae more or less angulate anterolaterally; oblique keel above eyes reaching only to anterior part of eyes; head not strongly constricted behind eyes. 6 (7) Pronotal punctation denser with exception of basal part, punctures separated approximately by distance equal to their diameters; pronotal base with distinct visible but fine, regularly spaced pinned points, elytral striae well impressed, visible as complete lines; elytral intervals moderately convex; aedeagus as in Fig. 61; Spain (Fig. 59)....................................................................... B. brancoi Hillert & Král sp. nov. 7 (6) Pronotal punctation sparser, punctures separated by approximately three times their diameters pronotal base with very fine, weakly visible and well separated pinned points; elytral striae not impressed, visible as row of punctures; elytral intervals flat; northern Africa. 8 (9) Base of frontal horn situated at level of anterior part of eyes; horn sharply keeled basally only; aedeagus as in Fig. 60; Algeria and Morocco (Fig. 59).............................................................................................................. B. bocchus (Erichson, 1841) 9 (8) Base of frontal horn situated at level of posterior part of eyes; horn broadly keeled from base to apex in dorsal view; aedeagus as in Fig. 64; Egypt, Libya and Tunisia (Fig. 59)................................ B. nikolajevi Hillert, Arnone, Král & Massa sp. nov. 10 (1) Scutellar shield densely punctate; frontal horn simple apically. 11 (12) Apex of frontal horn flattened on front part of apex; aedeagus as in Fig 62; France (including Corsica), Portugal and Spain (Fig. 59)........ B. gallicus (Mulsant, 1842) 12 (11) Apex of frontal horn regularly arcuate, not flattened on front part of apex; aedeagus as in Fig. 63; Spain, Gibraltar (Fig. 59)............. B. howdeni Hillert & Král sp. nov. Identification key for females 1 (10) Scutellar shield impunctate, or weakly shallowly punctate. 2 (5) Frontal tubercle simple (Figs 41, 42, 44); genae regularly rounded; oblique keel above eyes over whole length of eyes; head strongly constricted behind eyes. 3 (4) Scutellar shield triangular, approximately as long as wide; body surface brownish, minimal body length 12 mm. Southern parts of Central Europe, Alsace, Italy, Balkan Peninsula, Poland, Russia and Ukraine..... B. unicornis (Schrank von Paula, 1789) 4 (3) Scutellar shield triangular longer than wide; body surface blackish, minimal body length 11 mm (Fig 13); Algeria, Italy (Sicily) and Tunisia (Fig. 59)................................................................................................ B. vaulogeri (Abeille de Perrin, 1898) 5 (2) Frontal tubercle furcate apically (Figs 39–40, 43); genae more or less angulate anterolaterally; oblique keel above eyes reaching only to anterior part of eyes; head not strongly constricted behind eyes. 6 (7) Pronotal punctation denser with exception of basal part, punctures separated approximately by distance equal to their diameters; pronotal base with distinct visible but fine, regularly pinned points; elytral striae well impressed, visible as complete lines; elytral intervals moderately convex (Fig. 9); Spain (Fig. 59)................................................................................................................. B. brancoi Hillert & Král sp. nov. 7 (6) Pronotal punctation sparser, punctures separated by approximately three times their diameters pronotal base with very fine weak visible and well separated pinned points; elytral striae not impressed, visible as row of punctures; elytral intervals flat; northern Africa. 8 (9) Base of frontal tubercle situated at level of anterior part of eyes; tubercle sharply keeled basally only in dorsal view (Fig. 8); Algeria and Morocco (Fig. 59)................................................................................................... B. bocchus (Erichson, 1841) 9 (8) Base of frontal tubercle situated at level of posterior part of eyes; horn broadly keeled from base to apex in dorsal view (Fig. 12); Egypt, Libya and Tunisia (Fig. 59)...................................................... B. nikolajevi Hillert, Arnone, Král & Massa sp. nov. 10 (1) Scutellar shield densely punctate. 11 (12) France (including Corse), Portugal and Spain (see distribution map on Fig. 59 for details).......................................................................... B. gallicus (Mulsant, 1842) 12 (11) Spain, Gibraltar (see distribution map on Fig. 59, for details)............................................................................................................... B. howdeni Hillert & Král sp. nov., Published as part of Hillert, Oliver, Arnone, Marcello, Král, David & Massa, Bruno, 2016, The genusBolbelasmus in the western and southern regions of the Mediterranean Basin (Coleoptera: Geotrupidae: Bolboceratinae), pp. 211-254 in Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 56 (1) on pages 241-244, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5306071, {"references":["SCHRANK VON PAULA F. 1789: Entomologische Beobachtungen. Der Naturforscher 24: 60 - 90.","ABEILLE DE PERRIN E. 1898: Descriptions de Coleopteres du Nord de l'Afrique. Bulletin de la Societe Entomologique de France 1898: 254 - 258.","ERICHSON W. F. 1841: Ueber die Insecten von Algier mit besonderer Berucksichtigung ihrer Verbreitung. Pp. 140 - 194. In: WAGNER M. F.: Reisen in der Regentschaft Algier in den Jahren 1836, 1837 und 1838 nebst einem naturhistorischen Anhang und einem Kupferatlas. Dritter Band. L. Voss, Leipzig, xviii + 297 pp. + 17 pls.","MULSANT E. 1842: Histoire naturelle des Coleopteres de France. Lamellicornes. Maison Libraire, Paris & Imprimerie de Dumoulin, Ronet et Sibuet, Lyon, viii + 626 pp. + 3 pls."]}

Bolbelasmus keithi Miessen & Trichas, 2011 Bolbelasmus keithi Miessen & Trichas, 2011: 183 (original description), figs on pp. 187–188 [not numbered]. Type locality. Greece, ‘env. Ag. Paraskevi (church), Agia Marina, Kasos island, (Lat: 35°24′10.71″N, Long: 26°54′27.59″E)’. Type material examined (2 specimens). PARATYPES: GREECE: CRETE: 1 ♂ 1 ♀, ‘ELAFONISI (Life), 30/12/96- 14/3/97, Leg. Trichas 321 [white printed label], Elafonisi (Life), = Elafonisos, S.-O. Kriti, 30.XII.→ 14.III.1997, leg.: A. Trichas 321, collection: G. Miessen det. 2011, PARATYPUS [printed, red label]’ (GMCL). Additional material examined (9 specimens). GREECE: CRETE: Plakias, 1.iv.1988, 1 ♀, Winkelmann-Köck lgt. (LHCB), 1 ♀ (OHCB); Kastellakia [= Kastellos], 35°22′N, 24°29′E, 4.iv.1978, at light, 1 ♂, Malicky lgt. (DKCP); Mirabella, 1 ♂ Maltzan [?lgt.] (OHCB). RHODES: Falirakion, Ladiko, 22.iv.–5.v.1990, 2 ♂♂ 1 ♀, L. Egger lgt. (ABCB) and (MECI); Villanova, 7.ii.1934, 1 ♂ (MSNM); Marizza, 13.i.1934, 1 ♂ (MSAP). Remarks. After the description of B. keithi from Crete and Kasos Islands by MIESSEN & TRICHAS (2011), the record of B. unicornis from Rhodes by SCHATZMAYR (1936) and MIKŠIĆ (1959) needed to be confirmed. Actually, following MIESSEN & TRICHAS (2011), we identified the Rhodes specimens as B. keithi, thus definitively excluding the presence of B. unicornis in the Mediterranean islands (see also ARNONE & MASSA 2010, MIESSEN 2011, MIESSEN & TRICHAS 2011). Therefore the above mentioned specimens constitute the first record of B. keithi from the island of Rhodes. Distribution. Greece: Crete, Kasos and Rhodes (MIESSEN & TRICHAS 2011)., Published as part of Hillert, Oliver, Arnone, Marcello, Král, David & Massa, Bruno, 2016, The genusBolbelasmus in the western and southern regions of the Mediterranean Basin (Coleoptera: Geotrupidae: Bolboceratinae), pp. 211-254 in Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 56 (1) on page 245, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5306071, {"references":["MIESSEN G. & TRICHAS A. 2011: Description d'un nouveau Bolbelasmus Boucomont, 1911 du sud de l'Archipel Egeen (Coleoptera, Scarabaeoidea, Bolboceratidae). Lambillionea 111: 182 - 188.","SCHATZMAYR A. 1936: Risultati scientifici delle cacce entomologiche di S. A. S. il principe Alessandro Della Torre e Tasso nelle isole dell'Egeo. VI. Scarabaeidae. Bollettino Laboratorio Zoologia Generale Agraria Reale Istituto Superiore Agrario Portici 30: 9 - 23.","MIKSIC R. 1959: Dritter Nachtrag zur \" Fauna Insectorum Balcanica-Scarabaeidae \". Godisnjak Bioloskog Instituta Univerziteta u Sarajevu 12: 47 - 136.","ARNONE M. & MASSA B. 2010: A new species of Bolbelasmus Boucomont, 1911 from Sicily (Italy). Il Naturalista Siciliano 34: 401 - 414.","MIESSEN G. 2011: Quelques commentaires sur le genre Bolbelasmus Boucomont, 1911 et description d'une nouvelle espece de Chypre. Lambillionea 111: 109 - 119."]}

Bolbelasmus howdeni Hillert & Král sp. nov. (Figs 4, 11, 17, 24, 30, 36, 42, 59, 63) Bolbelasmus gallicus [partim, populations from SE Spain (approximately Andalusia)]: BAGUENA CORELLA (1967): 262 (monograph); KRIKKEN (1977): 284 (revision); BARAUD (1977): 159 (monograph); BARAUD (1992): 45 (monograph); MARTÍN- PIERA & LÓPEZ- COLÓN (2000): 180 (monograph); KRÁL et al. (2006): 82 (catalogue). Type locality. Spain, Andalusia, Castillo de Castillar, Algeciras env., 10 km N of San Roque, 36°12′N 05°23′W, 78 m a.s.l. Type material (271 specimens). SPAIN: ANDALUSIA AUTONOM. COMM.: CÁDIZ PROV.: HOLOTYPE: ♂ (DKPC), ‘ Spain, Andalusia, Castillo de Castillar, Algeciras env., 10 km N of San Roque, 27.ii.2011, O. Hillert lgt.’ ALLOTYPE: ♀ (DKCP), same data. PARATYPES: ‘ Spain, 22.- 28.2.2015, San Roque, Almoraima, N36°17’24.94” W5°23’40.77”, 136 m, lgt. P. Kylies’, 3 ♂♂ 1 ♀ (DKCP), 22 ♂♂ 7 ♀♀ (PKCS); same data but lgt. I. Martinů, 1 ♂ 1 ♀ (DKCP), 9 ♂♂ 4 ♀♀ (IMCO); same data but lgt. R. Muczka, 3 ♂♂ (RMCM); ‘ Spain, Andalusia, Alcala de los Gazules, E of Cadiz, 01.-11.iii.2014, Hillert lgt.’, 4 ♀♀ (OHCB); ‘ Spain, Andalusia, E of Alcala, Sierra del Aljibe, E of Cadiz, 01.-11.iii.2014, Hillert lgt.’, 1♂ 1♀ (OHCB); ‘ España, Arcos de la Fontera, Cadiz, ex coll.A. Drumont, 9.xii.1989 ’, 1 ♀ (GMCL); ‘Spain, Arcos de la Frontera, Cádiz – B. Jordan leg., 9.xii.1989 ’, 1 ♂ (JNCS); ‘Spain, Andalusia, Castillo de Castillar, Algeciras env., 10 km N of San Roque, 13.–20.i.2015, Hillert lgt.’, 4 ♂♂ 2 ♀♀ (OHCB); ‘Spain, Andalusia, Castillo de Castillar, Algeciras env., 10 km N of San Roque, 01.-11.iii.2014, Hillert lgt.’, 3 ♂♂ (OHCB); ‘Spain, Andalusia, Castillo de Castillar,Algeciras env., 10 km N of San Roque, 20.–27.ii.2012, O. Hillert lgt.’, 1 ♂ (OHCB); ‘Spain, Andalusia, Castillo de Castillar, Algeciras env., 10 km N of San Roque, 27.ii.2011, O. Hillert lgt.’, 5 ♂♂ (OHCB); ‘ Spain, Cádiz distr., CASTILLO DE CASTILLAR vill.env., 36°18.186 N 05°25.401 E, 27.ii.2009, David Král lgt.’, 1 ♂ 2 ♀♀ (DKCP); ‘Spain, Andalusia, Castillo de Castillar, Algeciras env., 10 km N of San Roque, 26.ii.2009, O. Hillert lgt.’, 1 ♀ (GNCA), 1 ♂ (HHCO), 2 ♂♂ 1 ♀ (OHCB); ‘Spain - Cadiz, 13.1.2009, San Roque - Castillar env., lgt. P. Kylies’, 1 ♂ (PKCS); ‘Spain, Andalusia, Castillo de Castillar, Algeciras env., 10 km N of San Roque, 02.iii.2008, O. Hillert lgt.’, 4 ♂♂ (OHCB); ‘ESPANA Cadiz, Perros del Rey. S. Roque, 21.i.[19]87, M. SALER’, 6 ♂♂ (SZCM); ‘ 1.3.2014, N Castellar de la Frontera, Andalusia, Spain’, 1 ♂ 1 ♀ (DKCP), 3 ♂♂ 1 ♀ (ZLCK); ‘Chiclana, 6.iii.[18]90, Korb [lgt.]’, 1 ♀ (ZSMC); ‘Chiclana, [18]83, Korb [lgt.]’ 1 ♂ (ZSMC); ‘Spain, 22.- 28.2.2015, Facinas env., lgt. P. Kylies’, 1 ♀ (PKCS); ‘Spain, La Suara, Jerez de la Frontera, Cádiz – A. Verdugo leg., 5.v.1988 ’, 2 ♂♂, same data but 18.x.1987, 1 ♂ (JUCS); ‘ Spain, Andalusia, 10 km NE of Medina, E of Cadiz, 01.-11.iii.2014, O. Hillert lgt.’, 3 ♂♂ 2 ♀♀ (OHCB); ‘Spain, Pinar del Rey, San Roque, Cadiz, 26-i-2013., J. Navarro leg.’, 1 ♂ 1 ♀ (AHCL), 1 ♂, 1 ♀ (OBCB), same but ‘ 27-xii-2014, J. Mª Urbano leg.’, 1 ♂ 1 ♀ (JUCS), same but ‘ 20-xii-2014, J. Mª Urbano & J. Navarro leg.’, 6 ♂♂ 3 ♀♀ (JNCS), 4 ♂♂ 2 ♀♀ (AHCL), 11 ♂♂ 8 ♀♀ (JUCS), same but ‘ 10-xi-2014, J. Navarro leg.’, 1 ♂ (JUCS), same but ‘ 13-iii-2014, J. Navarro leg.’, 1 ♂ (JUCS), same but ‘ 26-i-2014, J. Mª Urbano leg.’, 2 ♂♂ 2 ♀♀ (JUCS), same but ‘ 14-XI-2015, J. Navarro & J. Mª Urbano leg.’, 4 ♂♂ 3 ♀♀ (JUCS), 4 ♂♂ 3 ♀♀ (JNCS); ‘Spain, Pinar del Rey, Tajo del Pajarraco, San Roque, Cádiz – J. Navarro leg., 22.xii.2012 ’ 5 ♂♂ 2 ♀♀ (JNCS), 2.iv.2011, 2 ♂♂ (JNCS); ‘ Spain, 22.- 28.2.2015, Tarifa, Punta Paloma, N36°04’03.96” W5°42’08.47”, 56 m, lgt. P. Kylies’, 2 ♂♂ (PKCS); same data but lgt. I. Martinů, 3 ♂♂ 1 ♀ (IMCO); same data but R. Muczka, 3 ♂♂ 1 ♀ (RMCM); ‘Spain - Cadiz, 14.- 16.2.2008, San Roque, Almorama, lgt. P. Kylies’, 1 ♂ (PKCS); ‘E - Cádiz / San Roque / 13.xi.[19]93 Ramirez lg.’, 1 ♂ (SZCM); ‘Espania, San Roque, Cadiz, 13.xi.1988, Jose Luis Torres lgt.’, 1 ♂ 1 ♀ (OHCB); ‘Esp., SAN ROQUE, Cádiz, 6.1987, J. Ramírez lgt.’, 2 ♂♂ 1 ♀ (RCCP); ‘E, Andalusia, Cadiz, Pinar de San Roque, 2.iii.86, Hendrich/Mendez lgt.’, 2 ♂♂ (OHCB), 1 ♂ (VTCZ); ‘E, Andalucia, Cadiz, Pinar d. San Roque, b. San Roque, 2.iii.86, lgt. Hendrich/Mendez’, 4 ♂♂ (LHCB); ‘SPAIN-Cádiz, S. Roque, 26.i.1984 ’, 1 ♂ (SZCM); ‘San Roque – Cadiz, España sur, leg. Mendez T., 17.iii.[19]84’, 1 ♂ (JHCP); ‘Spanien, Andalusien, San Roque, 17.iv.1983, J.L. Torres-Mendez lgt.’, 4 ♂♂ 1 ♀ (LHCB); ‘San Roque, Cadiz, Spain, 30-I.1983, V. Ortuño lgt.’, 1 ♀ (VMCP); ‘Spain, Andalusia, NW of Tarifa, Algeciras env., 13-20.i.2015, O. Hillert lgt.’, 6 ♂♂ 2 ♀♀ (OHCB); ‘Spain, Andalusia, NW of Tarifa, pine forest, Algeciras env., 01.-11.iii.2014, Hillert lgt.’, 2 ♂♂ 2 ♂♂ (OHCB); ‘Spain, Andalusia, NW of Tarifa, beach sand, Algeciras env., 01.-11.iii.2014, Hillert lgt.’, 5 ♂♂ 10 ♀♀ (OHCB); ‘Spain, Andalusia, NW of Tarifa,Algeciras env., 13-27.ii.2013, O. Hillert lgt.’, 3 ♂♂ (OHCB); ‘Spain, Montehumada, Tarifa, Cádiz – J. Navarro leg., 22.xii.2012 ’, 2 ♂♂ 1 ♀ (JNCS); ‘Spain, Andalusia, Sanlucar de Barrameda, NW of Jerez, 26.ii.2011, O. Hillert lgt.’, 1 ♂ 2 ♀♀ (OHCB); ‘Tarifa (Cadiz), 11.iv.1980, Lopez Colon leg’, 1 ♂ (JLCM). GRANADA PROV.: ‘Spain, Andalusia, 5 km E of Granada, Sierra de la Yedra, 01.-11.iii.2014, Hillert lgt.’, 1 ♂ (OHCB); ‘España, La Sagra, Granada, Andalucia, v.1988 ’, 1♂ 1♀ (GMCL). – JAÉN PROV.: ‘Spain, Las Minas.Arrayanes. Linares, Jaén, ii-1997,A. Hidalgo leg.’, 1♀ (AHCL); ‘Spain, Miranda del Rey, Jaén, 13-xi-2015, Javier Castillo & Antonio Hidalgo leg.’, 4 ♂♂ 2 ♀♀ (JCCL), 3 ♂♂ 2 ♀♀ (AHCL). ‘ Spain, Reserva las Viboras, Sierra Morena. Montizón, Jaén, 9-iv-1995, A. Hidalgo leg.’, 1 ♂ (AHCL). MÁLAGA PROV.: ‘Spain, Andalusia, Sierra Palmitera, Puerto de Alijar,W of Mabella, 01.-11.iii.2014, Hillert lgt., 1 ♀ (OHCB)’. CASTILE- LA MANCHA AUTONOM. COMM.: ALBACETE PROV.: ‘Molinicos, 10.v.[18]95’, 1 ♂ 2 ♀♀ (ZFMK). GIBRALTAR: ‘Gibraltar., J. J. Walker [lgt.]’ 1 ♂, 2 ♀♀ (BMHN). Description. Male (holotype). Distinctly convex, surface black, shiny, pronotum covered with double punctation, elytra glabrous. Head (Figs 4, 17, 24, 30, 36). Clypeus broadly rounded, nearly semicircular, anterior angles vague. Posterior angles of clypeal margin not elevated. Frontal horn well developed, long, base conical, not keeled, apex simple, unmodified. Punctation of clypeal disc simple, distinct. Oblique keels above eyes approximately reaching eyes. Punctation of frons and vertex same as on clypeus; fronto-clypeal suture present. Eyes distinctly elliptic and well developed; genae evenly rounded, semicircular. Pronotum (Figs 4, 17, 24, 30) distinctly transverse; broadest just in basal quarter, entirely bordered; lateral margin evenly rounded, marginal carina not crenate, distinctly widened and elevated; lateral fovea almost missing. Pronotal punctation distinct, double, consisting of well and deeply impressed punctures except for basal part, punctures separated approximately by distance equal to their diameter, intermixed with very fine, pinned punctures. Lateral hornlike apophyses well developed, conical, bent up and sidewards. Apical hornlike apophyses distinct but weakly elevated, obtuse angled, directed 45° frontoapically. Both apical hornlike apophyses joined together in keel-like seam. Scutellar shield triangular, approximately as long as wide, shiny, densely punctate. Elytra approximately as long as wide, surface shiny, glabrous; humeral umbone weak; between suture and humerus seven distinct striae along entire elytral length, all striae with confluent punctures; intervals convex. Parameres as in Fig. 63. Variability in males. Surface black to brownish; pronotal hornlike apophyses in medium developed and underdeveloped (hypothelic) specimens short, more or less straight, only simply rounded to almost acute apically. Female (allotype). Head (Figs 11, 42). Clypeus broadly rounded, nearly semicircular, anterior angles vague. Posterior angles of clypeal margin not elevated. Frontal carina well developed, not interrupted in middle, doubly s-shaped. Punctation of clypeus, frons, vertex and occiput simple, distinct; oblique keels above eyes distinct, elongated to base of eyes; eye well developed, distinctly elliptic, genae well developed, arcuate anteriorly. Pronotum (Fig. 11) distinctly transverse, lateral margin weakly widened, broadest just basally, surface distinctly deeply punctate, doubly except for basal part, punctures consisting of well and deeply impressed punctures, separated approximately by distance equal to their diameter, intermixed with very fine, pinned punctures.Anterior transverse protrusion distinct, sharply semicircular, lateral apophyses present. Elytron surface shiny, glabrous; humeral umbone weak. Measurements. Total body length 11.3–15.2 mm (holotype, ♂: 14.6 mm; allotype, ♀: 15 mm). Differential diagnosis. Refer to species key. Etymology. Patronymic; named in honour of our friend, the late Henry F. Howden (Ottawa, Canada), a renowned specialist in world Scarabaeoidea. Collection circumctances. Prefers sandy soils. Distribution. South-eastern parts of Spain and Gibraltar (Fig. 59).

Bolbelasmus gallicus (Mulsant, 1842) (Figs 3, 10, 16, 23, 29, 35, 41, 59, 62) Bolboceras Gallicus Mulsant, 1842: 350 (original description). BOUCOMONT (1902): 4 (catalogue); HEYDEN et al. (1906): 725 (catalogue); FUENTE Y MORALES (1926): 146 (distribution). Bolboceras Gallicus Var. Conjunctus Mulsant, 1842: 351 (original description). Type locality:‘ France meridionale’. BOUCOMONT (1912): 17 (synonymy). Bolboceras Gallicus Var. Provincialis Mulsant, 1842:351 (original description). Type locality: ‘ France meridionale’. BOUCOMONT (1912): 17 (synonymy). Bolboceras gallicus: MARSEUL (1857): 83 (catalogue); JAQUELIN DU VAL (1863): 434 (catalogue). Bolbelasmus gallicus: BOUCOMONT (1912): 17 (catalogue); WINKLER (1927): 1035 (catalogue); PAULIAN (1941): 38 (monograph); SEABRA (1943): 50 (catalogue); GONZÁLEZ PEÑA (1979): 27, figs 1–3, 7 (key, biology); PAULIAN & BARAUD (1982): 69 (monograph); RUANO MARCO et al. (1988): 41 (distribution); LUMARET (1990): 362 (distribution, atlas); LÓPEZ- COLÓN et al. (1996): 4, 8, 10 (distribution, key); FABRA (2004): 38 (biology); PESLIER (2004): 1 (key, distribution); ARNONE & MASSA (2010): 410 (distribution, note). Bolbelasmus gallicus [partim, populations from France, Portugal and Spain (excl. of Andalusia)]: BÁGUENA CORELLA (1967): 262 (monograph); KRIKKEN (1977): 284 (revision); BARAUD (1977): 159 (monograph), BARAUD (1992): 45 (monograph); MARTÍN- PIERA & LÓPEZ- COLÓN (2000): 180 (monograph); KRÁL et al. (2006): 82 (catalogue). Type locality. ‘exclusivement [France] méridionale; Draguignan, Saint-Tropez, environs de Marseille’. Material examined (441 specimens). FRANCE: PROVENCE- ALPES- CÔTE D’ AZUR REG.: Aix, 1 ♂ (ZFMK); Bouches-du-Rhône, Barbentane, 1.iv.2010, 4 ♂♂, J. Bidault lgt. (DJCP); Nimes (Gard), 10.iv.2008., 1 ♂, A. Hidalgo lgt. (AHCL); Jorques, B. [Bouches] du Rhone, 23.v.[19]90, 1 ♂, Michod lgt. (SZCM); Barbentane, 19.v.[19]85, 2♂♂, L. Pélssier lgt. (SZCM); Beausset (Var), iii.[19]06, 1 ♀, Baizet [lgt.] (NMPC); Beausset (Var), iv.[19]05,1 ♂, Baizet [lgt.] (NMPC); Var, Le Beausset, 4.v.1905, 1 ♂ 1 ♀ (LHCB); Le Beausset, i.1901, 1 ♀ (DKCP), 1 ♀ (SMTD); Ollioules, 12.v.[18]91, 2 ♂♂ 1 ♀, Masel [?lgt.] (ZSMC); Ollioules, [18]91, 6 ♂♂, Masel [?lgt.] (ZSMC); Beausset, Var, iii.[19]05, 1 ♂, Baizet [lgt.] (NMEC); Beausset, Var, 1 ♀, Baizet [lgt.] (NMPC), 1 ♂ (ZSMC), 1 ♂ (ARCL), 2 ♂ 1 ♀ (ZFMK); Hyères, 1 ♂ 1 ♀ (BMCP); La Sayne, 1 ♀ (ZFMK); Le Beausset, 1 ♂, H. Sietti [lgt.] (OHCB); Le Beausset, 1 ♂ 1 ♀ (MSNG), 1 ♂ 2 ♀♀ (MSNM), 1 ♂ (NMEC); La Seyne, 1 ♂ (NMPC); Marseille, 1 ♂ (MSNG), 1 ♂ 1 ♀ (MSNM), 1 ♂ (SMTD), 1 ♂ (VMCP), 1 ♂ 1 ♀ (ZFMK), 4 ♂♂ 1 ♀ (ZSMC), 11 ♂♂ (BMNH); Mars. [Marseille], 1 ♂ (ZSMC); Marseille, 1 ♂, Mol de Boissy [lgt.] (SMTD); Marseilles, 2 ♂♂ 1 ♀ (BMNH); Mars lle [Marseille], 3 ♂♂ (BMNH); Basses Alpes, 1 ♂, Riez [lgt.] (MSNM); Saint Gervazy (30), 21.iii.1995, 1 ♂, J. Angles lgt. (RCCP); Provence, 1 ♂, Riez [lgt.] (MSNG); Alpes Maritimes, Station Martin Vasubie, 1 ♂, coll. J. Clermont (MSNM); Toulon, 1 ♂ (MSNG). LANGUEDOC- ROUSSILLON REG.: Beziers, 1 ♂ (ZFMK); Chusclan, 1 ♀ (ZFMK). MIDI- PYRÉNÉES REG.: Pyrenaei, Bagneres, 1♂ (NMPC). CORSICA REG.: Corse, 1896, 1 ♂, coll. Brazier (MNHN); Corsica, 1 ♂ (SMTD). No further locality specified: Camargue, 1 ♂ V. M. Duchon [lgt.] (NMPC); France, 1 ♂ 1 ♀ (MRSNT); France mer., 1 ♂ (BMNH); S[üd]. Frankreich, 6 ♂♂ 2 ♀♀ (SMTD); Gall [ia]. mer, Mulsant, 1 ♀ (SMTD), 1 ♂ (BMNH); Gall [ia]. m. Mulsant, 2 ♂♂ 1 ♀ (SMTD); Gallia, 1 ♂ (ARCL), 1 ♂ (DKCP), 4 ♂♂ 2 ♀♀ (MSNM), 1 ♂ (SMTD), 2 ♂♂ 1 ♀ (ZFMK); Gallia, 1 ♂, coll. De Marchi (MSNG); Gallia, 1 ♂, ex coll. Kelecsenyi (NMPC); Gallia, Bass [es]. Alp [es]., 1 ♂, Reitter [lgt.] (NMPC); Gallia, 1 ♂ 1 ♀, Kirsch [lgt.] (SMTD); Gallia, 17 ♂♂ 1 ♀, Reitter [lgt.] (NMPC), 1 ♂ (VMCP); Gallia mer., 1 ♂ (NMPC); Gallia mer., det. Boucomont, 2 ♂♂ (SMTD); Gallia mer., 1 ♂, Reitter [lgt.] (VTCS); Gallia Merid, 1 ♂ (BMNH); Gallia var, 2 ♂♂, A. Otto [lgt.], (ZFMK); Gallia, 1 ♂ (ZSMC), 3 ♂♂ (NMEC); Var, Port du Doin, 17.vi.1963, 1 ♂ (MSNG). PORTUGAL: ALGARVE PROV.: Algarve, 5 km NW Vila do Bispo, 2.iii.2014, 1 ♂, Z. Lucbauer lgt. (ZLCK); Armacao de Pera, 16.–20.ii.2013, 2♂♂ 1♀ (PKCS); Carrapateira, S. of Aljezur, 1.iii.2010, 2 ♀♀, H. Kalz lgt. (HKCS); Faro, 1 ♂ (MSNM); Faro, Sagres, 21.–25.ii.2011, 1 ♂ 1 ♀, Petr Kylies lgt. (DJCP), 7 ♂♂ 3 ♀♀ (PKCS); Momchique, 1 ♂ (NMPC); Sagres, 37°00′53″N 08°57′10″W, 24.ii.2014, 1 ♂ 1 ♀, V. Řebíček, M. Turčín & M. Mařík lgt. (DKCP), 8 ♂♂ 4 ♀♀ (VRCH); 4 km S Vila Do Bispo, SW of Lagos, 1.iii.2010, 1 ♂, H. Kalz lgt. (HKCS); 1 km E of Juniqueira, Vila Real de Sto António env., 37°15′15″N, 07°27′37″W, 2.–4. iv.2004, 1 ♀, Jiří Skuhrovec lgt. (DKCP). ALTO- ALENTEJO PROV.: Paraisé da Mata, 29.iii.1984, 1 ♂ (MSNM). BAIXO ALENTEJO PROV.: Santiago de Cacem, Quinta de Ortiga, 12.xi.2005, 1♂ 1♀, A.M. & T. Branco lgt. (OHCB). SETÚBAL PROV.: S Poceirao, E Pinhal Novo, 25.ii.2014, 2 ♂♂ 2 ♀♀, Z. Lucbauer lgt. (DKCP), 7 ♂♂ 3 ♀♀ (ZLCK); Lisbonne, Poceirao, 21.i.2013, 1 ♂, O. Boilly lgt. (OBCB); Lisabon – Poceirao, 24.ii.2012, 1 ♂ 1 ♀ (PKCS); Setubal, Rio Frio env., 40 km E of Lisabon, 5.iii.2010, 3 ♂♂ 2 ♀♀, O. Hillert lgt. (OHCB); Setúbal, Poceirao vill.env., 38°37.392″N 08°43.739″W, 21.ii.2009, 2 ♀♀, Jan Schneider lgt. (DJCP), 4 ♀♀ (JSCP). No further locality specified: Setubal, 9.iv.1992, ex coll. A. Drumont, 1 ♂ (GMCL). SPAIN: ANDALUSIA AUTONOM. COMM.: HUELVA PROV.: Andalusia, W Huelva, W El Rincon, 26.ii.2014, 1 ♂ 2 ♀♀, Z. Lucbauer lgt. (ZLCK); Aljaraque, 10 km W of Huelva, 23.ii.2011, 4 ♂♂ 5 ♀♀, O. Hillert lgt. (OHCB); Aljaraque, 10 km W of Huelva, 02.iii.2010, 2 ♂♂, O. Hillert lgt. (OHCB), 2 ♂♂ but H. Kalz lgt. (HKCS); Aljaraque vill.env., 37°15.425″N 07°04.078″E, 25.ii.2009, 3 ♂♂ 4 ♀♀ David Král lgt. (DKCP), 2 ♂♂ 1 ♀ (JSCP); Aljaraque, 10 km W of Huelva, 25.ii.2009, 1 ♂, O. Hillert lgt. (OHCB), 1 ♂ (GNCA); El Aljaraque, 3.ii.2001, 10 ♂♂, J. Navarro lgt. (JNCS); Bonares, 20 km E of Huelva, 04.iii.2008, 2 ♂♂, O. Hillert lgt. (OHCB); 12 km N of Cartaya, 3.–14.ii.2007, 2 ♂♂, Petr Kylies lgt. (DJCP), 2 ♂♂ 2 ♀♀ (PKCS), 1 ♂ (LMCT), 1 ♂ (RCCP), 1 ♂ (VTCZ); 6 km N of Cartaya, 16.–20.ii.2013, 2♂♂ 3 ♀♀, Petr Kylies lgt. (PKCS); 5 km SE Moguer, 19.i.2013, 1 ♂ 1 ♀, O. Boilly lgt. (OBCB); Punta Umbria, 12.ii.2010, 2 ♂♂, A. del. Barco lgt. (VTCZ); 13 km S of Targuejo, 11.ii.2008, 1 ♂, Jiří Klícha lgt. (VMCP). SEVILLA PROV.: Aznalcázar env., 14.ii.2010, 1♂ 2♀♀, Petr Kylies lgt. (DJCP), 1♂ (JSCP), 1♂ (VMCP), 2 ♂♂ (PKCS), 1 ♂ (VTCZ); Pinar de Aznalcázar & Puebla del Río, 1.ii.2014, 18 ♂♂ 13 ♀♀, J. Navarro lgt. (JUCS), same data but 5.i.2013, 2 ♂♂ 8 ♀♀ (JUCS), same data but 17.ii.2013., 2 ♂♂ 2 ♀♀ (AHCL); Pinar Forestal del Boyal, Villamanrique de la Condesa, 1.iii.2010, 1 ♂, J. Navarro lgt. (JUCS); Pinar de Aznalcázar, 21.ii.2009, 19 ♂♂ 6 ♀♀, J. Navarro lgt. (JUCS), same data but 15.ii.2009, 5 ♂♂ 5 ♀♀ (JUCS), same data but 21.ii.2010, 3 ♂♂ 3 ♀♀ (JUCS), same data but 3.ii.2010, 2 ♂♂ (JUCS), same data but 11.ii.2012, 4 ♂♂ 3 ♀♀ (JUCS), same data but 24.xi.2012, 7 ♂♂ 3 ♀♀ (JUCS); Poblado Colinas, Puebla del Río, capturas a la luz, 23.iii.2002, 1 ♂ 1 ♀, J. Navarro lgt (JUCS). ARAGON AUTONOM. COMM.: SARAGOSSA PROV.: Los Monegros-Monegrillo, 250 m, 24.v.1996, 1♀, M. Dvořák lgt. (DKCP), 1♂ (JSCP); Zaragoza, Los Monegros-Castejon, 23.v. 1996, 400 m, 1 ♂, M. Dvořák lgt. (RCCP). TERUEL PROV.: Albarracin, 11.–13.vi.2007, 1 ♂ 1 ♀, Z. Laštůvka leg. (IECA); same data but 23.–25.vi.2008, 2 ♂♂ 2 ♀♀ (IECA). ASTURIAS AUTONOM. COMM.: ASTURIAS PROV.: Asturien, 1 ♂ (NMPC). CASTILLE AND LEÓN AUTONOM. COMM.: ÁVILA PROV.: Sierra de Grados, Avila, v.1904, 1 ♂ (MSNG). SALAMANCA prov.: Aldehuela de la Boveda (Salamanca), 18.vi.1984, 1 ♂, J. C. Orella leg. & J. I. Lopez-Colon leg. (OHCB). CATALONIA AUTONOM. COMM.: BARCELONA PROV.: Umg. Barcelona, 15.ii.1996, 2 ♂♂, J. Blümel lgt. (ARCL); Lérida, Pavia nr. Talavera, 1.v.2013, 1 ♂, M. Tomás Rafael lgt. (DJCP); Lerida, Pavia, 1.v.2013, 2 ♂♂, Z. Lucbauer lgt. (ZLCK); Pavia, Lerida, 3.v.2003, 1 ♂, M. Tomas lgt. (GMCL); Lérida, Pavia, 28.v.[19]93, 2 ♂♂, M. Tomas lgt. (SZCM). GIRONA PROV.: Vidreras, Lichtfang, 29.iv.–6.v.1989, 1 ♀, F. Bahr lgt. (LSCN). Can Cast [ells] [near Vidreras], 1 ♀ (DKCP); Vidreras, Puig Ventos, 16.vii.1992, 1 ♀, Brunk lgt. (HKCS); Vidreras, Gerona, Puig Ventos, 8.vii.[19]89, 1 ♀, Erhard Bodj lgt. (DKCP). LÉRIDA PROV.: Catalunya, Coll del Rat, 7 km SW of Ponts, 41°53′58.9″N 1°05′35.9″E, 17.v.1992, 1 ♀, V. Valenta lgt. (LMCT). EXTREMADURA AUTONOM. COMM.: BADAJOZ PROV.: Cheles, Badajoz env., border to Portugal, 13.–27.ii.2013, 3 ♂♂ 2 ♀♀, O. Hillert lgt. (OHCB). CACERES PROV.: Sierra de Tormantos, Piornal, Caceres, alt.: 1000 m, 6.v.1991, 1 ♂, M. Tarrier lgt. (GMCL); NE of Jaraicejo, 12.v.2011, 39°41′51″N 05°44′10″W, 598 m, 1 ♂, P. Kylies lgt. (PKCS). MADRID AUTONOM. COMM.: Cercedilla, 1 ♀, Dr. Martin [lgt.] (ZFMK); Colmensar Viego, 4.v.[19]90, 1 ♀, S. Sobrino lgt. (SZCM); V. le de Odon, 21.iv.1983, 1 ♂ (MSNM); Fuensauco, Valdaracete, Madrid, 4.v.2010, 1 ♀, J. L. Gomez lgt. (GMCL); Loeches, 8.vi.2010, 1 ♀, A. Hidalgo lgt. (AHCL); Manzanare, 5.v.1982, 1 ♂ (MSNM); Valverde de Alcalá, 18.vi.2014., 1 ♀. A. Hidalgo lgt. (AHCL); Guadarrama, 10.v.1934, 1 ♂, P. Navacerrad lgt. (MSNM); Guadarrama, 8.v.1934, 1 ♂, P. Navacerrad (MSNM); Villavicosa le de Odon, 3.iii.1987, 1 ♂ (MSNG); Villavicosa le de Odon, 2.iii.1986, 1 ♂ (MSNG); Villavicosa le de Odon, 21.iv.1983, 1 ♂ (MSNG); Villavicosa de Odon (Madrid), 27.v.1977, 2 ♂♂, J. I. López-Colón & Antonio Perucho lgt. (OHCB). VALENCIA AUTONOM. COMM.: VALENCIA PROV.: Ayora (Valencia), 16.v.1979, 1 ♀, López-Colón lgt. (OHCB); La Vallesa, 2.iii.1997, 1 ♂ 1 ♀ (GMCL). No further locality specified: Espagne, 1 ♂ (NMPC); Hisp [ania]., 1♂ (NMPC); Spanien, 1♂ (SMTD). Redescription. Distinctly convex, surface black, shiny, pronotum covered with double punctation, elytra glabrous. Male. Head (Figs 3, 16, 23, 29, 35). Clypeus broadly rounded, nearly semicircular, anterior angles vague. Posterior angles of clypeal margin not elevated. Frontal horn well developed, long, conical, apex widened, triangular in frontal view, base conical, not keeled, apex simple, unmodified. Punctation of clypeal disc simple, distinct. Oblique keels above eyes approximately reaching eyes. Punctation of frons and vertex same as the one on clypeus; fronto-clypeal suture present. Eyes distinctly elliptic, well developed; genae evenly rounded, semicircular. Pronotum (Figs 3, 16, 23, 29) distinctly transverse; broadest just in basal quarter, entirely bordered; lateral margin evenly rounded, marginal carina not crenate, distinctly widened and elevated; lateral fovea almost missing. Pronotal punctation distinct and double, consisting from well and deeply impressed punctures, except on basal part; punctures separated approximately by distance equal to their diameter, intermixed with very fine pinned punctures. Lateral hornlike apophyses well developed, conical, bent upwards and sidewards. Apical hornlike apophyses distinct but weakly elevated, obtuse-angled, directed 30° frontoapically. Both apical hornlike apophyses joined in keel. Scutellar shield triangular, as long as wide, shiny, densely punctate. Elytra approximately as long as wide, surface shiny, not punctate; humeral umbone weak; between suture and humerus seven distinct striae along entire elytral length, all striae with confluent punctures; intervals convex. Parameres as in Fig. 62. Variability in males. Surface black to brownish; pronotal hornlike apophyses in medium developed and underdeveloped (hypothelic) specimens short, more or less straight, only simply rounded to almost acute apically. Female. Head (Figs 10, 41). Clypeus broadly rounded, nearly semicircular, anterior angles vague. Posterior angles of clypeal margin not elevated. Frontal carina well developed, not interrupted in middle, doubly s-shaped. Punctation of clypeus, frons, vertex and occiput simple, distinct; oblique keels above eyes distinct, elongated to base of eyes; eyes well developed, distinctly elliptic, genae well developed, arcuate anteriorly. Pronotum (Fig. 10) distinctly transverse, lateral margin weakly widened, broadest just basally, surface distinctly deeply punctate, punctation double except for base, punctures consisting of well and deeply impressed punctures, separated approximately by distance equal to their diameter, intermixed with very fine, pinned punctures. Anterior transverse protrusion distinct, sharply semicircular, lateral apophyses present. Elytron surface shiny, glabrous; humeral umbone weak. Measurements. Total body length 11.0–14.6 mm. Differential diagnosis. Refer to species key. Collecting circumstances. Prefers sandy soils. Distribution. Southern and south-western France, Portugal, North-western and Central Spain (Fig. 59). 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Memorias e Estudos do Museo Zoologico da Universidade de Coimbra 142: 1 - 152.","GONZALEZ PENA C. 1979: Contribucion al conocimientodel genero Bolbelasmus: su habitat, sus costimbres y su distribucion en Aragon. Boletin de la Asociacion Espanola de Entomologia 3: 23 - 27.","PAULIAN R. & BARAUD J. 1982: Faune des Coleopteres de France. II, Lucanoidea et Scarabaeoidea, Vol. 43. Encyclopedie Entomologique, Editions Lechevalier, Paris, 477 pp.","RUANO MARCO L., MARTIN PIERA F. & ANDUJAR A. 1988: Los Scarabaeoidea de la provincia de Albacete (Coleoptera). Instituto de Estudios Albacetenses de la Excma. Disputacion de Albacete y CSIC. Confederation Espanola de Estudios Locales, Serie 1. Ensayos Historicos y Cientificos 32: 1 - 201.","LUMARET J. - P. 1990: Atlas des Coleopteres Scarabeides Laparosticti de France. Serie des Inventaires de Faune et de Flore 1: 1 - 419.","FABRA P. R. 2004: Biologie de Bolbelasmus gallicus (Mulsant, 1842) dans le departement du Gard (Languedoc, sud de la France). Elytron 17: 37 - 46.","PESLIER S. 2004: Cle de determination illustree des Geotrupidae de France (Coleoptera, Scarabaeoidea). Revue de l'Association Roussillonnaise d'Entomologie 8 (1): 1 - 9.","ARNONE M. & MASSA B. 2010: A new species of Bolbelasmus Boucomont, 1911 from Sicily (Italy). Il Naturalista Siciliano 34: 401 - 414.","BAGUENA CORELLA L. 1967: Scarabaeoidea de la fauna Ibero-Balear y Pirenaica. Consejo superior de investigaciones cientificas Instituto Espanol de Entomologia, Madrid, 576 pp.","KRIKKEN J. 1977: The genus Bolbelasmus Boucomont in Asia with notes on species occurring in other regions. Zoologische Mededelingen 51: 277 - 292.","BARAUD J. 1977: Coleopteres Scarabaeoidea. Faune de l'Europe occidentale Belgique France Grande-Bretagne Italie Peninsule Iberique. Nouvelle Revue d'Entomologie, Supplement 7: 1 - 352.","BARAUD J. 1992: Coleopteres Scarabaeoidea d'Europe. Faune de France, France et regions limitrophes, 78. Federation Francaise des Societes de Sciences Naturelles & Societe Linneenne de Lyon, Paris & Lyon, 856 pp.","MARTIN-PIERA F. & LOPEZ-COLON J. I. 2000: Coleoptera, Scarabaeoidea I. In: RAMOS M. A. et al. (eds): Fauna Iberica Vol 14. Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales. Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, Madrid, 526 pp.","KRAL D., LOBL I. & NIKOLAJEV G. V. 2006: Family Bolboceratidae Mulsant, 1842. Pp. 82 - 84. In: LOBL I. & SMETANA A. (eds): Catalogue of Palaearctic Coleoptera. Volume 3. Scarabaeoidea - Scirtoidea - Dascilloidea - Buprestoidea - Byrrhoidea. Apollo Books, Stenstrup, 690 pp.","ERICHSON W. F. 1841: Ueber die Insecten von Algier mit besonderer Berucksichtigung ihrer Verbreitung. Pp. 140 - 194. In: WAGNER M. F.: Reisen in der Regentschaft Algier in den Jahren 1836, 1837 und 1838 nebst einem naturhistorischen Anhang und einem Kupferatlas. Dritter Band. L. Voss, Leipzig, xviii + 297 pp. + 17 pls.","ABEILLE DE PERRIN E. 1898: Descriptions de Coleopteres du Nord de l'Afrique. Bulletin de la Societe Entomologique de France 1898: 254 - 258."]}

Bolbelasmus howdeni Hillert & Král sp. nov. (Figs 4, 11, 17, 24, 30, 36, 42, 59, 63) Bolbelasmus gallicus [partim, populations from SE Spain (approximately Andalusia)]: BAGUENA CORELLA (1967): 262 (monograph); KRIKKEN (1977): 284 (revision); BARAUD (1977): 159 (monograph); BARAUD (1992): 45 (monograph); MARTÍN- PIERA & LÓPEZ- COLÓN (2000): 180 (monograph); KRÁL et al. (2006): 82 (catalogue). Type locality. Spain, Andalusia, Castillo de Castillar, Algeciras env., 10 km N of San Roque, 36°12′N 05°23′W, 78 m a.s.l. Type material (271 specimens). SPAIN: ANDALUSIA AUTONOM. COMM.: CÁDIZ PROV.: HOLOTYPE: ♂ (DKPC), ‘ Spain, Andalusia, Castillo de Castillar, Algeciras env., 10 km N of San Roque, 27.ii.2011, O. Hillert lgt.’ ALLOTYPE: ♀ (DKCP), same data. PARATYPES: ‘ Spain, 22.- 28.2.2015, San Roque, Almoraima, N36°17’24.94” W5°23’40.77”, 136 m, lgt. P. Kylies’, 3 ♂♂ 1 ♀ (DKCP), 22 ♂♂ 7 ♀♀ (PKCS); same data but lgt. I. Martinů, 1 ♂ 1 ♀ (DKCP), 9 ♂♂ 4 ♀♀ (IMCO); same data but lgt. R. Muczka, 3 ♂♂ (RMCM); ‘ Spain, Andalusia, Alcala de los Gazules, E of Cadiz, 01.-11.iii.2014, Hillert lgt.’, 4 ♀♀ (OHCB); ‘ Spain, Andalusia, E of Alcala, Sierra del Aljibe, E of Cadiz, 01.-11.iii.2014, Hillert lgt.’, 1♂ 1♀ (OHCB); ‘ España, Arcos de la Fontera, Cadiz, ex coll.A. Drumont, 9.xii.1989 ’, 1 ♀ (GMCL); ‘Spain, Arcos de la Frontera, Cádiz – B. Jordan leg., 9.xii.1989 ’, 1 ♂ (JNCS); ‘Spain, Andalusia, Castillo de Castillar, Algeciras env., 10 km N of San Roque, 13.–20.i.2015, Hillert lgt.’, 4 ♂♂ 2 ♀♀ (OHCB); ‘Spain, Andalusia, Castillo de Castillar, Algeciras env., 10 km N of San Roque, 01.-11.iii.2014, Hillert lgt.’, 3 ♂♂ (OHCB); ‘Spain, Andalusia, Castillo de Castillar,Algeciras env., 10 km N of San Roque, 20.–27.ii.2012, O. Hillert lgt.’, 1 ♂ (OHCB); ‘Spain, Andalusia, Castillo de Castillar, Algeciras env., 10 km N of San Roque, 27.ii.2011, O. Hillert lgt.’, 5 ♂♂ (OHCB); ‘ Spain, Cádiz distr., CASTILLO DE CASTILLAR vill.env., 36°18.186 N 05°25.401 E, 27.ii.2009, David Král lgt.’, 1 ♂ 2 ♀♀ (DKCP); ‘Spain, Andalusia, Castillo de Castillar, Algeciras env., 10 km N of San Roque, 26.ii.2009, O. Hillert lgt.’, 1 ♀ (GNCA), 1 ♂ (HHCO), 2 ♂♂ 1 ♀ (OHCB); ‘Spain - Cadiz, 13.1.2009, San Roque - Castillar env., lgt. P. Kylies’, 1 ♂ (PKCS); ‘Spain, Andalusia, Castillo de Castillar, Algeciras env., 10 km N of San Roque, 02.iii.2008, O. Hillert lgt.’, 4 ♂♂ (OHCB); ‘ESPANA Cadiz, Perros del Rey. S. Roque, 21.i.[19]87, M. SALER’, 6 ♂♂ (SZCM); ‘ 1.3.2014, N Castellar de la Frontera, Andalusia, Spain’, 1 ♂ 1 ♀ (DKCP), 3 ♂♂ 1 ♀ (ZLCK); ‘Chiclana, 6.iii.[18]90, Korb [lgt.]’, 1 ♀ (ZSMC); ‘Chiclana, [18]83, Korb [lgt.]’ 1 ♂ (ZSMC); ‘Spain, 22.- 28.2.2015, Facinas env., lgt. P. Kylies’, 1 ♀ (PKCS); ‘Spain, La Suara, Jerez de la Frontera, Cádiz – A. Verdugo leg., 5.v.1988 ’, 2 ♂♂, same data but 18.x.1987, 1 ♂ (JUCS); ‘ Spain, Andalusia, 10 km NE of Medina, E of Cadiz, 01.-11.iii.2014, O. Hillert lgt.’, 3 ♂♂ 2 ♀♀ (OHCB); ‘Spain, Pinar del Rey, San Roque, Cadiz, 26-i-2013., J. Navarro leg.’, 1 ♂ 1 ♀ (AHCL), 1 ♂, 1 ♀ (OBCB), same but ‘ 27-xii-2014, J. Mª Urbano leg.’, 1 ♂ 1 ♀ (JUCS), same but ‘ 20-xii-2014, J. Mª Urbano & J. Navarro leg.’, 6 ♂♂ 3 ♀♀ (JNCS), 4 ♂♂ 2 ♀♀ (AHCL), 11 ♂♂ 8 ♀♀ (JUCS), same but ‘ 10-xi-2014, J. Navarro leg.’, 1 ♂ (JUCS), same but ‘ 13-iii-2014, J. Navarro leg.’, 1 ♂ (JUCS), same but ‘ 26-i-2014, J. Mª Urbano leg.’, 2 ♂♂ 2 ♀♀ (JUCS), same but ‘ 14-XI-2015, J. Navarro & J. Mª Urbano leg.’, 4 ♂♂ 3 ♀♀ (JUCS), 4 ♂♂ 3 ♀♀ (JNCS); ‘Spain, Pinar del Rey, Tajo del Pajarraco, San Roque, Cádiz – J. Navarro leg., 22.xii.2012 ’ 5 ♂♂ 2 ♀♀ (JNCS), 2.iv.2011, 2 ♂♂ (JNCS); ‘ Spain, 22.- 28.2.2015, Tarifa, Punta Paloma, N36°04’03.96” W5°42’08.47”, 56 m, lgt. P. Kylies’, 2 ♂♂ (PKCS); same data but lgt. I. Martinů, 3 ♂♂ 1 ♀ (IMCO); same data but R. Muczka, 3 ♂♂ 1 ♀ (RMCM); ‘Spain - Cadiz, 14.- 16.2.2008, San Roque, Almorama, lgt. P. Kylies’, 1 ♂ (PKCS); ‘E - Cádiz / San Roque / 13.xi.[19]93 Ramirez lg.’, 1 ♂ (SZCM); ‘Espania, San Roque, Cadiz, 13.xi.1988, Jose Luis Torres lgt.’, 1 ♂ 1 ♀ (OHCB); ‘Esp., SAN ROQUE, Cádiz, 6.1987, J. Ramírez lgt.’, 2 ♂♂ 1 ♀ (RCCP); ‘E, Andalusia, Cadiz, Pinar de San Roque, 2.iii.86, Hendrich/Mendez lgt.’, 2 ♂♂ (OHCB), 1 ♂ (VTCZ); ‘E, Andalucia, Cadiz, Pinar d. San Roque, b. San Roque, 2.iii.86, lgt. Hendrich/Mendez’, 4 ♂♂ (LHCB); ‘SPAIN-Cádiz, S. Roque, 26.i.1984 ’, 1 ♂ (SZCM); ‘San Roque – Cadiz, España sur, leg. Mendez T., 17.iii.[19]84’, 1 ♂ (JHCP); ‘Spanien, Andalusien, San Roque, 17.iv.1983, J.L. Torres-Mendez lgt.’, 4 ♂♂ 1 ♀ (LHCB); ‘San Roque, Cadiz, Spain, 30-I.1983, V. Ortuño lgt.’, 1 ♀ (VMCP); ‘Spain, Andalusia, NW of Tarifa, Algeciras env., 13-20.i.2015, O. Hillert lgt.’, 6 ♂♂ 2 ♀♀ (OHCB); ‘Spain, Andalusia, NW of Tarifa, pine forest, Algeciras env., 01.-11.iii.2014, Hillert lgt.’, 2 ♂♂ 2 ♂♂ (OHCB); ‘Spain, Andalusia, NW of Tarifa, beach sand, Algeciras env., 01.-11.iii.2014, Hillert lgt.’, 5 ♂♂ 10 ♀♀ (OHCB); ‘Spain, Andalusia, NW of Tarifa,Algeciras env., 13-27.ii.2013, O. Hillert lgt.’, 3 ♂♂ (OHCB); ‘Spain, Montehumada, Tarifa, Cádiz – J. Navarro leg., 22.xii.2012 ’, 2 ♂♂ 1 ♀ (JNCS); ‘Spain, Andalusia, Sanlucar de Barrameda, NW of Jerez, 26.ii.2011, O. Hillert lgt.’, 1 ♂ 2 ♀♀ (OHCB); ‘Tarifa (Cadiz), 11.iv.1980, Lopez Colon leg’, 1 ♂ (JLCM). GRANADA PROV.: ‘Spain, Andalusia, 5 km E of Granada, Sierra de la Yedra, 01.-11.iii.2014, Hillert lgt.’, 1 ♂ (OHCB); ‘España, La Sagra, Granada, Andalucia, v.1988 ’, 1♂ 1♀ (GMCL). – JAÉN PROV.: ‘Spain, Las Minas.Arrayanes. Linares, Jaén, ii-1997,A. Hidalgo leg.’, 1♀ (AHCL); ‘Spain, Miranda del Rey, Jaén, 13-xi-2015, Javier Castillo & Antonio Hidalgo leg.’, 4 ♂♂ 2 ♀♀ (JCCL), 3 ♂♂ 2 ♀♀ (AHCL). ‘ Spain, Reserva las Viboras, Sierra Morena. Montizón, Jaén, 9-iv-1995, A. Hidalgo leg.’, 1 ♂ (AHCL). MÁLAGA PROV.: ‘Spain, Andalusia, Sierra Palmitera, Puerto de Alijar,W of Mabella, 01.-11.iii.2014, Hillert lgt., 1 ♀ (OHCB)’. CASTILE- LA MANCHA AUTONOM. COMM.: ALBACETE PROV.: ‘Molinicos, 10.v.[18]95’, 1 ♂ 2 ♀♀ (ZFMK). GIBRALTAR: ‘Gibraltar., J. J. Walker [lgt.]’ 1 ♂, 2 ♀♀ (BMHN). Description. Male (holotype). Distinctly convex, surface black, shiny, pronotum covered with double punctation, elytra glabrous. Head (Figs 4, 17, 24, 30, 36). Clypeus broadly rounded, nearly semicircular, anterior angles vague. Posterior angles of clypeal margin not elevated. Frontal horn well developed, long, base conical, not keeled, apex simple, unmodified. Punctation of clypeal disc simple, distinct. Oblique keels above eyes approximately reaching eyes. Punctation of frons and vertex same as on clypeus; fronto-clypeal suture present. Eyes distinctly elliptic and well developed; genae evenly rounded, semicircular. Pronotum (Figs 4, 17, 24, 30) distinctly transverse; broadest just in basal quarter, entirely bordered; lateral margin evenly rounded, marginal carina not crenate, distinctly widened and elevated; lateral fovea almost missing. Pronotal punctation distinct, double, consisting of well and deeply impressed punctures except for basal part, punctures separated approximately by distance equal to their diameter, intermixed with very fine, pinned punctures. Lateral hornlike apophyses well developed, conical, bent up and sidewards. Apical hornlike apophyses distinct but weakly elevated, obtuse angled, directed 45° frontoapically. Both apical hornlike apophyses joined together in keel-like seam. Scutellar shield triangular, approximately as long as wide, shiny, densely punctate. Elytra approximately as long as wide, surface shiny, glabrous; humeral umbone weak; between suture and humerus seven distinct striae along entire elytral length, all striae with confluent punctures; intervals convex. Parameres as in Fig. 63. Variability in males. Surface black to brownish; pronotal hornlike apophyses in medium developed and underdeveloped (hypothelic) specimens short, more or less straight, only simply rounded to almost acute apically. Female (allotype). Head (Figs 11, 42). Clypeus broadly rounded, nearly semicircular, anterior angles vague. Posterior angles of clypeal margin not elevated. Frontal carina well developed, not interrupted in middle, doubly s-shaped. Punctation of clypeus, frons, vertex and occiput simple, distinct; oblique keels above eyes distinct, elongated to base of eyes; eye well developed, distinctly elliptic, genae well developed, arcuate anteriorly. Pronotum (Fig. 11) distinctly transverse, lateral margin weakly widened, broadest just basally, surface distinctly deeply punctate, doubly except for basal part, punctures consisting of well and deeply impressed punctures, separated approximately by distance equal to their diameter, intermixed with very fine, pinned punctures.Anterior transverse protrusion distinct, sharply semicircular, lateral apophyses present. Elytron surface shiny, glabrous; humeral umbone weak. Measurements. Total body length 11.3–15.2 mm (holotype, ♂: 14.6 mm; allotype, ♀: 15 mm). Differential diagnosis. Refer to species key. Etymology. Patronymic; named in honour of our friend, the late Henry F. Howden (Ottawa, Canada), a renowned specialist in world Scarabaeoidea. Collection circumctances. Prefers sandy soils. Distribution. South-eastern parts of Spain and Gibraltar (Fig. 59)., Published as part of Hillert, Oliver, Arnone, Marcello, Král, David & Massa, Bruno, 2016, The genusBolbelasmus in the western and southern regions of the Mediterranean Basin (Coleoptera: Geotrupidae: Bolboceratinae), pp. 211-254 in Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 56 (1) on pages 230-232, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5306071, {"references":["BAGUENA CORELLA L. 1967: Scarabaeoidea de la fauna Ibero-Balear y Pirenaica. Consejo superior de investigaciones cientificas Instituto Espanol de Entomologia, Madrid, 576 pp.","KRIKKEN J. 1977: The genus Bolbelasmus Boucomont in Asia with notes on species occurring in other regions. Zoologische Mededelingen 51: 277 - 292.","BARAUD J. 1977: Coleopteres Scarabaeoidea. Faune de l'Europe occidentale Belgique France Grande-Bretagne Italie Peninsule Iberique. Nouvelle Revue d'Entomologie, Supplement 7: 1 - 352.","BARAUD J. 1992: Coleopteres Scarabaeoidea d'Europe. Faune de France, France et regions limitrophes, 78. Federation Francaise des Societes de Sciences Naturelles & Societe Linneenne de Lyon, Paris & Lyon, 856 pp.","MARTIN-PIERA F. & LOPEZ-COLON J. I. 2000: Coleoptera, Scarabaeoidea I. In: RAMOS M. A. et al. (eds): Fauna Iberica Vol 14. Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales. Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, Madrid, 526 pp.","KRAL D., LOBL I. & NIKOLAJEV G. V. 2006: Family Bolboceratidae Mulsant, 1842. Pp. 82 - 84. In: LOBL I. & SMETANA A. (eds): Catalogue of Palaearctic Coleoptera. Volume 3. Scarabaeoidea - Scirtoidea - Dascilloidea - Buprestoidea - Byrrhoidea. Apollo Books, Stenstrup, 690 pp."]}

Bolbelasmus brancoi Hillert & Král sp. nov. (Figs 2, 9, 15, 22, 28, 34, 40, 59, 61) Bolboceras Bocchus [partim, populations from Spain]: JACQUELIN DU VAL (1863): 131 (catalogue). Bolboceras Bocchus: FUENTE Y MORALES (1926): 146 (distribution). Bolbelasmus bocchus [partim, populations from Spain]: WINKLER (1927): 1035 (catalogue); SEABRA (1943): 50 (catalogue); BARAUD (1977): 159 (monograph); RUANO MARCO et al. (1988): 40, fig. p. 41 (distribution); LÓPEZ- COLÓN et al. (1996): 3, 8, 10 (distribution, key); MARTÍN- PIERA & LÓPEZ- COLÓN (2000): 179, figs 44 A,C, 45 (monograph); MIESSEN & TRICHAS (2011): 182 (remarks). Bolbelasmus bocchus: BAGUENA CORELLA (1967): 262 (monograph); GONZÁLEZ PEÑA (1979): 23, figs 4–6, 8 (key, biology); VERDÚ et al. (1998): 245, figs 1–12 (larval description); AGOIS- BUSTAMANTE (1998): 19 (distribution); AGOIS- BUSTAMANTE (2003): 190 (distribution); VERDÚ et al. (2004): 514, fig. 1; 515, fig. 20; 518, fig. 42 (larval illustrations). Bolbelasmus bocchus bocchus [partim, populations from Spain]: KRIKKEN (1977): 290 (revision); BARAUD (1985): 53 (monograph); BARAUD (1992): 44 (monograph); BRANCO (2005): 54 (taxonomic comments); KRÁL et al. (2006): 82 (catalogue); ARNONE & MASSA (2010): 407 (remarks, distribution). Type locality. Spain, Andalusia, Los Jesos, N slope of Sierra de Alhamilla, 37°05′N 02°17′W, 500 m a.s.l. Type material (143 specimens). SPAIN: ANDALUSIA AUTONOM. COMM.: ALMERIA PROV.: HOLOTYPE: ♂ (DKCP), ‘Spain, (Andalusia), Los Jesos, N slope of Sierra de Alhamilla, 28.ii.2009, O. Hillert lgt.’ ALLOTYPE: ♀ (DKCP), same data. PARATYPES: ALMERIA PROV.: ‘Espana, U. Almeria, Garrucha, Salzlachenufer, 07.iv.1986 ’, 1 ♀ (LSCN); ‘ Spain, (Andalusia), Los Jesos, N slope of Sierra de Alhamilla, 13-27.ii.2013, O. Hillert lgt.’, 7 ♂♂ 5 ♀♀ (OHCB); ‘ Spain (Andalusia), Los Jesos, N slope of Sierra de Alhamilla, 30 km NE of Almeria, 28.ii.2009, O. Hillert lgt.’, 1 ♂ 1 ♀ (ABCB), 1 ♀ (AHCL), 1 ♂ 1 ♀ (ARCL), 1 ♂ 1 ♀ (ERCS), 1 ♂ 1 ♀ (GMCL), 1 ♂ 1 ♀ (GNCA), 1 ♂ 1 ♀ (HHCO), 1 ♂ 1 ♀ (HKCS), 1 ♂ 1 ♀ (LSCL), 4 ♂♂ 6 ♀♀ (OHCB); ‘ Spanien – Andalusien, Provinz Almeria, Umgebung Tabernas, a.L. [at light], 21.-28.iv.2004, leg. Steffen Schellhorn’, 1♂ 1♀ (OHCB). GRANADA PROV.: ‘ Spain, Granada, Andalucía, Hoya de Baza mts., 850 m asl., Salazar, 37°31.87’N 2°40.94’W, 4.v.2009, lgt. J. Darebník’, 1 ♀ (JSCP), 1 ♂ (PKCS); ‘ Bco. del Espartal, Baza (Granada), 30SWG2854, F.S.Piñero leg., 3-iii-[19]90’, 1 ♂ 1 ♀ (SZCM); ‘ ESPAÑA, Granada, Bco. del Espartal, Baza, 3-iii-[19]90, F.S. Piñero’, 1 ♂ 1 ♀ (SZCM); ‘ Bananco del Espartal, BAZA 8.X.[19]89, GRANADA (España)’, F. S. Piñero leg.’, 1 ♂ (DKCP); ‘ Bco. del Espartal, BAZA 8.X.[19]89, GRANADA (España), F. S. Piñero leg.’, 1 ♀ (DKCP); ‘ Espagne (Granada), Lanjaron, 28.iii.[19]67, Baraud lgt.’, 1 ♂ (MNHN); ‘ E, Prov. Granada, Los Olmos, 14.v.2002, H. Rietz lgt.’, 1 ♂ (ERCS); ‘ Spain, Granada, Orgiva 12.iv.1960 ’, 1 ♂ 1 ♀ (BMCP). ARAGON AUTONOM. COMM.: SARAGOSSA PROV.: ‘ España, La Playa - Sastago - Zaragoza, 1.vi.2013 ’, 2 ♂♂ (GMCL); ‘ SPAIN, Aragon, Zaragoza, Candasnos, 13.vi.2011 ’, 1 ♂ (IECA); ‘ España, Bujaraloz, Zaragoza, 18.v.2013 ’, 2 ♂♂ (GMCL); ‘ España 17.v.2011, Bujaralos, Zaragoza, Leg. Rafael Soler’, 1 ♀ (DJCP); ‘ Spain, Zaragoza, Sastago 12.v.2010 ’, 1 ♂ (OBCB); ‘ España, Bujaraloz, Zaragoza, v.2009 ’, 1 ♂ 1 ♀ (GMCL); ‘ España, Zaragoza, Sastago, 12.v.2007 ’, 1 ♂ (GMCL);‘ ESPAÑA, Zaragoza, Bujaraloz, 11.V.[19]91, M. TOMÁS [legit]’, 4 ♂♂ (SZCM); ‘ Espagne – 30/V/1973, Bujaraloz (Zaragoza), C. Dufay rec.’, 1 ♂ (MHNL); ‘ Espagne, prov. Zaragoza, Bujaralos env., 18.5.2013, 1 ♂ (IBCF); ‘ Ejea de los Caballeros (Zaragoza), 7.v.1982, J. I.Lopez-Colon leg.’, 1 ♂ (JLCM); ‘ Spain, La Retuerta, Pina de Ebro, Zaragoza, 375 m, 3-ix-[19]93, Josep Muñoz leg.’, 1♂ (RCCP); ‘ España, Montes de Torrero, Zaragoza, 4.vi.1996 ’, 1♂ (GMCL). CASTILE- LA MANCHA AUTONOM. COMM.: ALBACETE PROV.: ‘ Molinicos, 10.v.[18]95’, 1 ♂ (ZFMK); ‘ Tobarra, Prov. Albacete, Spain, 25.IV.2012, M. Martínez leg., 1 ♀ (PKCS). CUENCA PROV.: ‘ Spain, Tarancón (Cuenca) 30.v.1982 ’, 3 ♂♂ (VACP). TOLEDO PROV.: ‘ Sa del Romeral, Villacañas (Toledo), 8-v-2010, Juan de la Rosa leg.’, 1 ♂ (DJCP); ‘ Spain, Toledo, Villacanas, Sa del Romeral, 24.iv.2010, JJ de la Rosa lgt.’, 2 ♂♂ 2 ♀♀ (OBCB). MADRID AUTONOM. COMM.: ‘ Spain, Parque de los Cerros, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, 13-vi-2008, A. Hidalgo leg.’, 1 ♀ (AHCL); ‘ Chinchón (Madrid), 13.iii.2009, Juan de la Rosa leg.’, 1 ♀ (DJCP); ‘ Spain (Madrid), villa CONEJOS, 23.iv.2011 ’, 1 ♂ 1 ♀ (JSCP); ‘ Spain, Madrid, 3.iii.1987, J. Plaza’, 1 ♂ (MSNG); ‘ Madrid, G. Schramm’, 1 ♂ (MSNG); ‘ Morata’, 1 ♀ (ZFMK); ‘ España, „ Montarco “, Madrid, leg. M. Toribio, 27.iii.1987 ’, 1 ♂ (GMCL); ‘ España, El Regajal, Aranjuez, Madrid, leg. Crespo, 11.v.1991 ’, 1 ♂ (GMCL); ‘ E, Comunidad de Madrid, Valdaracete, Fuensáuco, 30TVK8348, 18.4.2013, José Luis Gómez lgt.’, 1 ♂ (DJCP); ‘ España, Fuensauco, Valdaracete, Madrid, J. L. Gomez lgt., 29.iv.2011 ’, 1 ♀ (GMCL); ‘ España – Madrid, Valdaracete env., Fuensauco, 4.v.2010, Cosar Mora lgt., 1♂ (DJCP); ‘ Spain, Madrid, Valdaracete, Fuensauco, 04.v.2010, Jose Luis Gomez lgt.’, 1 ♂ 1 ♀ (OBCB); ‘ España, Fuensauco, Valdaracete, Madrid, J. L. Gomez lgt., 4.v.2010 ’, 1♂ (GMCL); ‘ España 12.5.2010, Fuensauco, Valdarecete, Madrid, Leg. Cesar S. Mora’, 2♂♂ (DKCP), 2 ♂♂ (PTCL); ‘ Fuensauco – 30TVK8348, Valdaracete, 18-4-2013, Madrid - España’, 1 ♂ 3 ♀♀ (PTCL); ‘ Spain, Madrid, Valdarecete v-[19]93’, 1 ♂ (JSCP); ‘ Hispania centrealis, Villaconecos (Madrid), 23.iv.2011, J. de la Rosa lgt.’, 1 ♂ 1 ♀ (DJCP); ‘ E, Villaconejos, (Com de Madrid), 23.4.2011, J de la Rosa lgt.’, 1 ♂ 1 ♀ (DJCP); ‘ E, Villaconejos, (Com de Madrid), 2.iv.2010, J de la Rosa lgt.’, 1 ♂ 1 ♀ (DJCP); ‘ España, Villaconejos, (Com. de Madrid), M. Alvarez lgt.’, 1 ♂ (DJCP); ‘ Villaconejos, Prov. Madrid, Spain; 6-IV-2014, J. Corominas leg.’, 1 ♂ (PKCS); ‘ España, 23.4.2008, Villaconejos (Madrid), Leg. Juan de la Rosa’, 2 ♂♂ (PTCL); ‘ Spain, 21.4.2013, Chincón (Madrid), Leg. Juan de la Rosa’, 1 ♂ 1♀ (PTCL). MURCIA AUTONOM. COMM.: ‘ Algezares, 30.iii.[18]94, Kb [Korb] [lgt.]’, 1 ♂ 2 ♀♀ (ZSMC); ‘ Murcia, Algezares, 1894, M. Korb [lgt.]’, 1 ♀ (MNHN); ‘ Murcia, Algezares, 1894, M. Korb [lgt.]’, 1 ♂ 1 ♀ (HFCB); ‘ Spain, Murcia, Caravala, 10.v.1980, R. Mourglia’, 1 ♂ (MRSNT), 1 ♂ 1 ♀ (MSNM); ‘ Murcia, 10.v.1980 ’, 1 ♂ (MSNG); ‘ Espagne (Murcia), Alhama de Murcia, Tonana, 23.x.[19]65, de Lajonquiere lgt.’, 1 ♂ (MNHN). NAVARRE AUTONOM. COMM.: NAVARRE PROV.: ‘ Carcar, Navarra’, 2 ♀♀ (MNHB). VALENCIAN AUTONOM. COMM.: ALICANTE PROV.: ‘ Spanien, Alicante, 14.vi.1960, Sattler-Remane lgt.’, 1 ♂ (ZSMC); ‘ Spanien, Calpe, 15.x.[19]76, Klaue lgt.’, 1♀ (ZFMK); ‘ España, Pantano del Amadorio, Villajoyosa, Alicante, leg. J. M. Beltrán, 13.iii.1987 ’, 1♂ (GMCL); ‘ Spain, Villa Joyosa (Alicante) 13.iv.1950 ’, 1♂ (VACP); ‘ Elche, 6.vi.[18]94, Kb [Korb] [lgt.]’, 1♀ (ZSMC). No further locality specified: ‘ Andalusia’, 1♀ (NHMB); ‘ Espagne, (Zaragosa), mts. SE of Torres, 10.v.80, C. Gonzalez lgt.’, 2 ♂♂ (MNHN); ‘ Spain’, 1 ♀ (OHCB); ‘ Spanien’, 1 ♀ (SMTD); ‘ Spanien, ex. coll. V. Balthasar, National Museum, Prague, Czech Republic’, 1 ♂ (NMPC). Description. Male (holotype). Remarkably convex, surface black, shiny, pronotum covered with double punctation, elytra microsculptured to smooth apically. Head (Figs 2, 15, 22, 28, 34). Clypeus broadly rounded, almost semicircular, anterior angles vague, posterior angles elevated. Frontal horn well developed, short, distinctly furcate apically; base weakly keeled on each side of anterior part of eyes. Clypeal disc with simple, coarse punctation. Oblique keels above eyes reaching approximately to eyes. Punctation of frons and vertex approximately same as on clypeus. Fronto-clypeal suture present. Eyes well developed, distinctly elliptic; genae extending eyes, arcuate posteriorly. Pronotum (Figs 2, 15, 22, 28) distinctly transverse; broadest just in basal quarter, entirely bordered; lateral margin evenly rounded, marginal carina not crenate, distinctly widened and elevated; lateral fovea almost missing. Pronotal punctation distinct, double, consisting of well and deeply impressed punctures with exception of basal part; punctures separated approximately by distance equal to their diameter, intermixed with very fine ones. Lateral hornlike apophyses well developed, remarkably cone-shaped, bent up and directed to sides. Apical hornlike apophysis distinct, but only weakly elevated, obtuse-angled, directed 30° frontoapically. Scutellar shield triangular, weakly longer than wide, microsculptured, alutaceous. Elytra approximately as long as wide, surface shiny, microsculptured, microsculpture vanishing apically; humeral umbone weak, between suture and humerus seven distinct striae along entire elytral length, all striae with distinctly confluent punctures; intervals convex. Parameres as in Fig. 61. Variability in males. Surface black to brownish; pronotal hornlike apophyses in medium developed and underdeveloped (hypothelic) specimens short, more or less straight, only simply rounded to almost acute apically. Female (allotype). Head (Figs 9, 40). Clypeus broadly rounded, nearly semicircular, anterior angles vague. Posterior angles of clypeal margin very weakly elevated. Frontal carina well developed, distinctly interrupted in middle, bituberculate on internal interruption. Punctation of clypeus, frons, vertex and occiput simple, distinct; oblique keels above eyes distinct, extended to half of eyes; eye well developed, distinctly elliptic, genae well developed, arcuate anteriorly and posteriorly. Pronotum (Fig. 9) distinctly transverse, lateral margin weakly widened, broadest just basally, surface distinctly deeply punctate, doubly except basally, punctures consisting of well and deeply impressed punctures, separated approximately by distance equal to their diameter, intermixed with very fine, pinned punctures. Anterior transverse protrusion distinct, sharply semicircular, lateral apophyses present. Elytron surface shiny, microsculptured, microsculpture vanishing to apex; humeral umbone weak. Measurements. Total body length 11.2–15.1 mm (holotype, ♂: 14.8 mm; allotype, ♀: 14.9 mm). Differential diagnosis. Refer to species key. Etymology. Patronymic; named in honour of our colleague Tristão Branco (Porto, Portugal), an excellent specialist in Scarabaeoidea. Collecting circumstances. Prefers calcareous soils. Distribution. North-eastern, Central and South-eastern parts of Spain (Fig. 59). Remarks. The historical faunal conception of B. bocchus based on MARSEUL (1857) and JACQUELIN DU VAL (1863) was inaccurate, and for 150 years, the distribution area of this species was reported incorrectly. The first theoretical analysis of this situation was published by BRANCO (2005). In the present study, we confirm, in all details, and follow Branco’s analysis. The Spanish specimens show distinct differences in morphological characters, as described in the identification key.

Bolbelasmus gallicus (Mulsant, 1842) (Fig. 11C, D) ABDOMEN. ��� �� s ympleurite VIII non mobile. TERMINALIA. ��� Segment IX partiellement r��gr ess��. Tergite IX r��duit �� l�����tat d���h��mitergites grossi��rement triangulaires, glabres, soutenant un repli membraneux recouvrant l���anus. ��pipleurites IX entiers, grossi��rement triangulaires, convexes, portant six soies allong��es au bord interne. Articulations tergopleurales et subcoxopleurales ��troites. Gonopodes IX monom��res, r��duits �� l�����tat de coxosubcoxites allong��s et fusiformes, portant �� l���extr��mit�� coxale de tr��s nombreuses soies allong��es et dispos��es en rang��es transversales de trois ou quatre. Pr��sence de deux plaques plus ou moins bien scl��rifi��es au-dessus et en dessous de l���orifice g��nital. VOIES G��NITALES. ��� Chambre anog��n itale large et peu profonde. Orifice g��nital s itu�� entre les gonopodes IX, anus situ�� en dessous du repli membraneux soutenu par les h��mitergites IX. Vagin membraneux �� paroi ��paisse et repliss��e avec l���extr��mit�� ant��rieure large et allong��e, progressivement r��tr��cie v ers la jonction avec l���oviducte. Pr��sence d���un lobe dorsal sacculiforme et de petite taille. Oviducte ectodermique tubuliforme et large. R��ceptacle s ��minal membraneux, sacculiforme, droit, avec de nombreuses impressions circulaires. Insertion par un canal assez allong�� (une fois et demie la longueur du r��ceptacle s ��minal) s ur la face ventrale et �� la base du lobe dorsal du vagin. Glande de la spermath��que membraneuse, petite (trois fois moins longue que le r��ceptacle), s acculiforme, ins��r��e par un canal court �� la base du r��ceptacle. Bolboceras angulicorne MacLeay, 1911 (Fig. 11E) ABDOMEN. ��� �� s ympleurite VIII non mobile. TERMINALIA. ��� Segment IX partiellement r��gr ess��. Tergite IX entier, bien scl��rifi��, grossi��rement rectangulaire, portant une frange de soies allong��es au bord post��rieur. ��pipleurites IX entiers, de grande taille, grossi��rement ovales, convexes et glabres. Articulations tergopleurales et subcoxopleurales ��troites. Gonopodes IX monom��res, spatul��s, portant de tr��s nombreuses soies allong��es. VOIES G��NITALES. ��� Chambre anog��n itale large et peu profonde. Orifice g��nital situ�� entre coxosubcoxites IX, anus sous le repli membraneux soutenu par les h��mitergites IX. Vagin membraneux �� paroi ��paisse et repliss��e, avec l���extr��mit�� ant��rieure progressivement r��tr��cie v ers la jonction avec l���oviducte. Pr��sence d���un lobe membraneux tr��s court sur la paroi dorsale du vagin. Oviducte ectodermique court. R��ceptacle s ��minal membraneux, tubuliforme, droit, avec des impressions circulaires. Insertion par un canal assez court (une fois la longueur du r��ceptacle s ��minal) s ur le vagin en avant du lobe dorsal. Glande de la spermath��que membraneuse, petite (une demie fois la longueur du r��ceptacle), sacculiforme, ins��r��e �� la base du r��ceptacle. Bolboceras striatopunctatum Castelnau, 1840 (Fig. 11F) ABDOMEN. ��� �� s ympleurite VIII non mobile. TERMINALIA. ��� Segment IX partiellement r��gr ess��. Tergite IX r��duit �� l�����tat d���h��mitergites ��troits et allong��s, mal scl��rifi��s sur les bords, portant trois soies au bord post��rieur. ��pipleurites IX entiers, de grande taille, grossi��rement triangulaires, convexes et glabres. Articulations tergopleurales et subcoxopleurales ��troites. Gonopodes IX monom��res, r��duits �� l�����tat de coxosubcoxites de forme complexe: partie subcoxale petite, convexe, glabre et arqu��e; partie coxale droite, spatul��e, portant de tr��s nombreuses soies allong��es. VOIES G��NITALES. ��� Chambre anog��n itale large et peu profonde. Orifice g��nital s itu�� entre les coxosubcoxites IX, anus sous le repli membraneux soutenu par les h��mitergites IX. Vagin membraneux �� paroi ��paisse et repliss��e avec l���extr��mit�� ant��rieure de grande taille et progressivement r��tr��cie v ers la jonction avec l���oviducte. Pr��sence d���un lobe membraneux, aplati et court sur la face dorsale du vagin. Oviducte ectodermique court, large et ��vas��. R��ceptacle s ��minal membraneux, tubuliforme, l��g��rement arqu��, avec des impressions circulaires. Insertion par un canal assez long (une fois et demie la longueur du r��ceptacle s ��minal) sur le vagin �� la base du lobe dorsal. Glande de la spermath��que membraneuse, petite (une demie fois la longueur du r��ceptacle), s acculiforme, ins��r��e �� la base du r��ceptacle., Published as part of Dupuis, Fabien, 2005, L'abdomen et les genitalia des femelles de col��o pt��re s Scarabaeoidea (Insecta, Coleoptera), pp. 733-823 in Zoosystema 27 (4) on pages 751-753, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4689666