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Two groups of school children (7-16 years old) were studied. One child was from Lukhuni gorge, where arsenic was mined and processed for many years; 11 children were living far (>50 km) from the territory of arsenic mining. Pediatric monitoring revealed significant increase of general morbidity, particularly acute respiratory diseases. Cytogenetic, immunological and hematological investigations were conducted in 43 children (21 from group 1 and 22 from group 11). Simultaneously, the level of arsenic in blood and urine was defined. At all points the differences were revealed, that affirmed the impact of ecological factors on the organism and adaptative processes in children.

The purpose of the work was to establish correlation between detected with the help of micronuclei in exfoliation cells infringements in the genetic disorder of Acute Respiratory Infection (ARI) at children living in Lukhuni gorge. Heavy metals having mutagenous trait can cause variety of diseases and first of all influence on the genetic apparatus, which damage often reflects chromosome change. The study of micronuclei in exfoliation cells is comparatively new, easily reachable and believable informative method. From Lukhuni gorge it is indicated true lifting amount of micronuclei. In a distance this indications where far less. It is investigated 150 children: 50 from Lukhuni gorge (I group) where the maintenance of arsenic is sharply raised in environment and 100 from the regions remote from Lukhuni gorge. Amount average quantity micronuclei in 1000 cells in I group was very high 22,38+/-1,26 in. In the second was 4,36+/-0,50 (t=12,82; p<0,0001). All children, under the anamnesis and the clinical data, have been divided on frequently were ill of Acute Respiratory Infection(in one year > 4-5 times) and seldom were ill of Acute Respiratory Infection (< 4-5 times). ARI most frequently were marked in this region. It is revealed correlation between amount of micronuclei in exfoliation cells and parameters of illness respiratory diseases at children living in territories, polluted with arsenic and his derivatives (R=0,789; p<0,000001).