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Objective: Atrial fibrillation is one of the most common arrhythmias. The mechanism of atrial fibrillation is not yet clear. A number of previous studies have shown that adipokines, including leptin, visfatin, are closely related to cardiovascular diseases.In this study, the relationship between leptin, visfatin and atrial fibrillation was investigated. Methods: In this study, the secretion levels of leptin and visfatin in peripheral blood and epicardial adipose tissue of AF group and control group were detected. To explore the relationship between leptin, visfatin and AF. Results: The average concentration of visfatin in peripheral blood serum of atrial fibrillation group was 15.95±10.44 ng/mL, and the sinus rhythm group was 20.28±12.90 ng/mL, and there was not statistically significant (P=0.169); The average concentration of leptin in peripheral blood in the atrial fibrillation group was 1.48 ng/mL, and in the sinus rhythm group was 2.56ng/mL. The comparison between the two was statistically significant (P=0.0027). Serum leptin levels in the sinus group were significantly higher than those in the atrial fibrillation group; In epicardial adipose tissue, the expression of leptin in the atrial fibrillation group was significantly lower than that in the control group (P=0.032), while the expression of visfatin was not statistically different between the two groups (P=0.06). Conclusions: The incidence of atrial fibrillation can be reduced by high levels of leptin in peripheral blood serum and epicardial adipose tissue. The levels of visfatin in peripheral blood serum and epicardial adipose tissue in patients with atrial fibrillation was not significantly different from those with sinus rhythm. Therefore there may not be a correlation between visfatin and atrial fibrillation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]