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Abstract: This study was initiated to determine the progression of the cardiovascular risk (CR) in a 5-years period for those who went through high blood pressure treatment. It is a retrospective and descriptive study over a period of 9 years. Were included in that category, African patients treated in that period of time and who at least benefited from a 5-years medical care period. The total CR was calculated afterwards, for the needs for the study, using the tables of Framingham. All the data were collected after the first evaluation then brought up to date at the terms of 1, 3 and 5 years and with a last consultation for the patients whose medical care follow-up exceeded 5 years. For the 103 patients who had complete data, the average age was of 49.11±8 and the sex ratio of 2. Among them 14 (13.6%) died of cardiovascular complications. Among the 89 remaining patients, the CR at the beginning was very high in a proportion of 10.1%, high in 49.4%, moderated in 22.5% and weak in 18%. The general evolution is characterized by a stability of the proportion of the moderated CR (20 – 23%) and high CR (43 – 50%) but a very important increase in the proportion of the very high CR (10 to 21%) to the detriment of the weak CR (18 to 10%). The analysis of the individual evolution reveals an improvement of the CR among 19 patients (21.3%), its stability among 39 patients (43.8%) and a worsening among 31 patients (34.8%). These data are confirmed in a widened population of 321 patients of which the less complete data allow an estimate of the CR. Conclusion: The cardiovascular risk is difficult to evaluate. It is badly controlled in the long run. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]