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This paper investigates the nexus between renewable energy use, CO2 emissions, exchange rate, and economic development within emerging South Asian nations, namely Bangladesh, India, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka, employing the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) framework. It examines annual data spanning from 1990 to 2019, examining key indicators of renewable energy consumption, CO2 emissions, exchange rate, and economic development. The ARDL bounds test results demonstrate the existence of co-integration among the variables in the long run. The empirical result finds that the renewable energy consumption, CO2 emissions, and exchange rate have a significant impact on economic growth in Bangladesh, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka in the long run. In India no significant relationship found in the long run. In short run assessment, Bangladesh, India, and Sri Lanka also found same relationship with economic growth and renewable energy consumption, CO2 emissions, and exchange rate. Interestingly, In Pakistan no significant relationship has found in short run estimation analysis. Furthermore, study tried to determine the causality direction by using the Toda Yamamoto granger causality approach, which reveals bidirectional causation between exchange rate and CO2 emission in India. In Pakistan, study also found bi-directional causality among the variables renewable energy consumption, CO2 emissions, and economic growth. Finally, this paper emphasizes developing the policy as well as making a concrete decision regarding the renewable energy consumption, CO2 emissions, exchange rate, and economic development for ensuring sustainable economic growth in South Asian region. Future research could extend this work by including different dimensional data, additional countries, or using alternative or supplementary modeling techniques. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the major sources of financing for development projects of a government in achieving macroeconomic objectives is collecting revenues from taxes and non-tax sources. Rent form resources have an exigent role for the evaluation of economic welfare. Thus, in both the developed and developing economies, natural resources occupy a crucial importance. The novelty of this study counts on the approach to explore the economic growth impacts of natural resources via the transmission channel of its utilization in Bangladesh. The study aims to pursue the influence of resource rent for the period 1990 to 2017. To approach cointegration, autoregressive distributed lag is used. A significant positive influence of rent from resources to growth is found for Bangladesh. This implies proper use of the funds generated through resource rent. Exports, being a vital factor of trade as well as the economy as a whole, should be taken care of which shows negative signs in our study. In the short run, the population growth rate is affecting our economy whereas the effect is reversed in the long run. Domestic credit provided by the financial sector affects negatively and imports as well as gross capital formation have positive signs which is good in the sense that it promotes our country to sustainable development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Today energy has become a fundamental need; without energy consumption, no country can survive economically. Along with developed economies, developing countries are struggling more to achieve sustainable economic growth. Therefore, different strategies are being made to develop renewable energy for economic gains. In this line, this study attempts to investigate the impacts of nonrenewable and renewable energy and other socioeconomic factors on CO2 emissions in South Asian countries. The annual data was converted into quarterly data of 1996Q1-2019Q4. The unit root test with structural breaks confirmed mix order of integration and further ARDL approach was applied to know the long- and short-run associations. The long-run association shows that economic growth in Bangladesh, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka is not sustainable. Nepal is achieving economic growth with reducing CO2 emissions. In India, Sri Lanka, and Nepal, institutional quality can play an important role to achieve cleaner production. In Pakistan and Bangladesh, population growth is also lowering CO2 emissions. In India, Sri Lanka, and Nepal, nonrenewable energy usage is contributing to environmental pollution and renewable energy is lowering it. These countries need to enhance the ratio of renewable energy to their industrial production units. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]