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Digitisation of archival materials is a lengthy process in which the act of digitisation is usually the shortest and the most straightforward one. It is the processing of the digitised materials that take a lot of time and effort. It is valuable to have digitised materials available online, even for the reason of not having to travel to the physical location of the originals, but the tendency of extracting additional value from the materials increases. To that end, the archival materials can be processed by new techniques such as artificial intelligence (AI) and crowdsourcing. The authors use the example of digitisation of the minutes from the Faculty (of Humanities and Social Sciences) Council meetings dating from 1913 to 1996 and the application of AI to improve the OCR results and NER for semantic enrichment as well the example of digitisation of the food rationing cards, used between 1941 and 1945 in Zagreb, Croatia and the application of AI and crowdsourcing to data extraction, analysis and visualisation.

Današnji se suvremeni arhivi smatraju informacijskim i uslužnim javnim ustanovama dostupnim svima, koji aktivno sudjeluju u oblikovanju identiteta zajednice, otvoreni su za istraživanja i suradnje te razvijaju odnose sa svojom zajednicom. Od njih se očekuje da prate trendove i održavaju korak s tehnološkim i potrebama suvremenog društva, s naglaskom na prilagodljivost i fleksibilnost. Zato je arhivima važna komunikacija s korisnicima te širenje korisničke baze i rast utjecaja „drugih“ korisnika, pogotovo u trenutnoj svakodnevici uzrokovanoj pandemijom Covid-19, gdje se ne mogu oslanjati na one klasične komunikacijske kanale. Kako bi ostvarili komunikaciju u kriznim situacijama arhivi se mogu koristiti društvenim mrežama. U ovom radu obrađuje se društvena mreža Instagram. Instagram je nastao kako bi njegovi korisnici mogli dijeliti fotografije i video zapise preko mobilne aplikacije. Slično kao i ostale društvene mreže (npr. Facebook ili Twitter) koristi se određenim funkcijama kako bi njegovi korisnici mogli međusobno komunicirati u mrežnoj sredini. Kod korištenja društvene mreže Instagram potrebno je imati određeni cilj i motivaciju koja proizlazi iz ustanove, identificirati korisnike (engl. target market), locirati i baviti se korisnicima te ih poticati na smislenu aktivnost (korisnici žele participaciju) te je potrebno stvoriti strateški sadržaj koji će se objavljivati. Potrebno je poznavati određena znanja o marketingu, društvenim mrežama te znanja o analitikama na društvenim mrežama. U novije doba pojavljuju se tzv. nova pravila marketinga i odnosa s javnošću, koja djeluju ujedinjeno u mrežnom okruženju. Stoga se u radu prikazuju primjeri u praksi Hrvatskih arhiva te međunarodni primjeri profila na Instagramu. U radu se daje prikaz rezultata istraživanja koje uključuje vođenje službenog Instagram profila Katedre za arhivistiku i dokumentalistiku Odsjeka za Informacijske i komunikacijske znanosti Filozofskog Fakulteta Sveučilišta u Zagrebu te analitiku prikupljenih podataka Today's modern archives are seen as information and service public institutions. They are accessible to all who actively participate in shaping the identity of the community, open to research and collaborations, and focused on development of relationships with their community. They are expected to follow trends and keep up with the technological progress and needs of modern society, with an emphasis on adaptability and flexibility During the Covid19 pandemic, it is of utmost importance for archives to communicate with the users, expand their user base and increase the influence of „other“ users, since the classic communication channels are no longer as efficient as they used to be. In times of crisis, archives can use social media to set up communication channels. This thesis discusses the Instagram social media. Instagram was created with the aim to provide a photo and video sharing service for the users of its mobile application. Similar to the other social media (e.g. Facebook or Twitter) it also uses certain functions to enable communication between users inside the network environment. While using the Instagram social media platform, it is necessary to have a certain goal and motivation determined by the institution. It is necessary to identify target market (users), locate and engage with them and encourage meaningful activity among them (users want to participate) all the while maintaining a steady and consistent flow of strategic content which is to be published. To achieve those goals, one must necessarily be knowledgeable of marketing, social media analytics and social media in general. A recent novelty in the social media sphere are the so-called new marketing and public relations rules, which apply to every network environment. This thesis shows examples in practice of Croatian archives and international examples of Instagram profiles. The thesis shows results of the research that includes maintaining the official Instagram profile of the chair of archival and documentation sciences at Department of Information and Communication Sciences, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Zagreb and its data analytics.

Tema ovog diplomskog rada odnosi se na sadržajnu fizionomiju glazbenog gradiva u hrvatskim arhivima. Prvi dio rada govori o arhivima općenito, povijesti nastanka arhiva, što su arhivi značili u drevnim vremenima, o arhivima u modernom dobu, te o podijeli i vrstama arhiva i arhivskim programima. Drugi dio rada govori o glazbenim arhivima kao vrsti specijaliziranih arhiva, njihovom nastanku i svrsi postojanja kako u Hrvatskoj tako i u svijetu. Ključni dio rada sadrži istraživanje o dostupnosti glazbenog gradiva u državnim arhivima Republike Hrvatske. Cilj istraživanja bio je dobiti uvid u stanje koliko zapravo državni arhivi u Republici Hrvatskoj sadrže glazbenog gradiva, te u kakvom je ono stanju. This graduate thesis discusses: content physiognomy of music materials in the Croatian archives. The first part of the thesis provides insight into the archives in general, the history of archives, what archives meant in ancient times, or in modern times, and the division and types of archives and archival programs. The second part of the thesis investigates music archives as a type of specialized archives, their origin and purpose of existence both in Croatia and in the world. The central part of the thesis brings research on the availability of music materials in the state archives of the Republic of Croatia. The aim of the research was to get an insight into the state of how much of the music materials they contain, and in what state it is.

Diplomski se rad bavi problemom primjene tzv. dokumentacijske strategije u vrednovanju arhivskoga gradiva, od oblikovanja i predstavljanja ovoga pristupa vrednovanju arhivskoj zajednici, preko kritika pa sve do mogućih budućih poboljšanja strategije. U prvom dijelu rada definiraju se problemi u vrednovanju arhivskoga gradiva na koji dokumentacijska strategija nastoji odgovoriti i izložiti način na koji im ona pristupa. Slijedi kratak pregled nastanka dokumentacijske strategije, kao alata za vrednovanje gradiva i akvizicijske politike arhivate prikaz načina na koji su zamišljeni projekti vrednovanja. U drugom dijelu rada obrađuju se stavovi o dokumentacijskoj strategiji unutar arhivističke zajednice, kako arhivista koji su je zagovarali, tako i onih koji su joj nalazili ozbiljne zamjerke. Završni dio rada sadrži pomno odabrane primjere iz arhivističke prakse te prikazuje obje strane korištenja dokumentacijske strategije. Cilj ovog rada jest pokazati razne pozitivne i negativne strane korištenja dokumentacijske strategije pri očuvanju arhivskoga gradiva. Rad je napisan u nadi da pomogne budućim arhivistima pri osmišljavanju nove metode vrednovanja arhivskoga gradiva. This thesis analyses the challenges of applying the so-called documentation strategy in evaluating archival materials, from the first presentation of this approach to the archival community, through criticism to the possible improvements of this strategy in the future. In the first part of this thesis the issues in appraisal of archival material that documentation strategy is trying to give an answer to are defined and a way to approach those issues are presented. The first part is followed by a brief overview of the origins of the documentation strategy, as a tool for archival appraisal and acquisition policies, and an overview of how evaluation projects are conceived. The second part of the thesis discusses views of the archival community towards the documentation strategy, both of those who advocated in favour of the strategy, and those who found serious objections to its use. The final part of the thesis brings carefully chosen examples from the archival practice and show both sides of using the documentation strategy. The aim of this thesis is to show the various positive and negative sides of using the documentation strategy in preservation of archival materials. This thesis aims at helping future archivists in devising a new method of appraising archival material.

Predodžba arhiva, njihova uloga i društvena važnost mijenjali su se u različitim povijesnim razdobljima. U starom vijeku, za vrijeme srednjeg vijeka te u razdoblju ranog novog vijeka arhivi su prije svega služili kao mjesta čuvanja dokumenata, koji su bili važni za trgovinu, gospodarstvo i pitanja vlasništva. Također, arhivi su bili vezani za društvenu elitu, poput svećenika, plemstva i vladara. Od 19. stoljeća arhivi postupno postaju središta povijesnih istraživanja što je bilo potaknuto nastankom modernih nacionalnih država i razvojem historiografije. Početkom 20. stoljeća arhivi se suočavaju s ubrzanim umnažanjem gradiva, a kako bi se s time lakše nosili arhivisti su prisiljeni neprestano unaprjeđivati teorije vrednovanja gradiva. Uz to, arhivi danas postaju sve važniji za znanstvenu zajednicu, ali i širu javnost, pa je suradnja s korisnicima iznimno bitan segment rada arhivista. Današnje digitalno okruženje arhivima donosi prednosti, no istovremeno je i puno izazova s kojima se trebaju nositi. Osim navedenog, obrađeno je pitanje odnosa arhivistike i njoj bliskih znanosti, bibliotekarstva i povijesti. U prošlosti nije bilo toliko jasnog razgraničenja u ulozi knjižnica i arhiva kao što je to danas. Također, povijesna znanost je tretirala arhive kao institucije u potpunosti podređene povijesnim istraživanjima, odnosno arhivistiku kao sastavni dio pomoćnih povijesnih znanosti. Povijest i arhivistika su danas ravnopravne znanosti koje međusobno surađuju i doprinose razvoju društva. The perception of archives, their role and social importance has changed in different historical periods. In the ancient period, during the Middle Ages and in the early modern period archives primarily served as storage places for documents which were important for trade, economy, and property issues. Also, archives were tied to the social elite, such as priests, nobility, and rulers. Since the 19th century, archives gradually became centers of historical research, which was encouraged by the emergence of modern nation-states and the development of historiography. At the beginning of the 20th century archives faced accelerated reproduction of archival material, and to cope with these circumstances, archivists were forced to constantly improve theories of archival appraisal. Nowadays, archives are becoming increasingly important for scientific and broader communities, so cooperation with users is an extremely important segment of archival work. Today's digital environment brings benefits to archives, but at the same time there are many challenges to deal with. In addition, the relationship between archival science and related sciences, librarianship and history, is discussed. In the past, the differences between archives and libraries were not so evident as they are today. Also, history treated archives as institutions completely subordinated to historical research. History and archival science are now equal sciences that cooperate with each other and contribute to the development of society.

Cilj rada je predstaviti različite pristupe vrednovanju fotografskoga gradiva i prikazati procese koje svaki od tih pristupa zahtjeva prilikom vrednovanja. Također je opisana sama fotografija sa svojim povijesnim pregledom i pregledom današnjeg korištenja. Predstavljen je proces njezine digitalizacije, potrebna oprema i proces obrade nakon digitalizacije. U istraživačkom dijelu rada odabrani arhivi za usporedbu su iz država iz kojih su proizašli Jenkinsonov i Schellenbergov pristup vrednovanju, a kao treći arhiv za usporedbu je Hrvatski državni arhiv. Ovakav uzorak je odabran kako bi se prikazale razlike u procesima vrednovanja fotografskog gradiva u arhivima. Za svaki od arhiva je naveden kratak povijesni pregled, pristup vrednovanju i proces digitalizacije te je na kraju dana usporedba fotografskih zbirki svakog arhiva iz perspektive njihove mrežne dostupnosti. Na kraju su opisani i sami opusi zbirki. The aim of this thesis is to present various appraisal approaches of photographic materials and to present the processes that each of these approaches require during appraisal. The photograph as a medium, along with the overview of its historical development and today's use is described. The process of its digitisation, necessary equipment, and processing after digitisation are presented. In the research part of the thesis the selected archives for comparison are from the countries from which Jenkinson's and Schellenberg's approach to appraisal originated, while the third archive selected for comparison is the Croatian State Archives. This sample was chosen in order to show differences in processes of appraisal of photographic materials in the archives. For each of the archives, a brief historical overview, approach to appraisal, and digitisation process are given as well as a comparison of photographic collections of each archive from the perspective of network availability. In the end, the characteristics of the collections are described.

U ovom diplomskom radu proučava se povezanost i primjena prava na pristup informacijama u arhivima prilikom čega je naglasak stavljen na usporedbu prava na informacije i dostupnosti arhivskog gradiva u Hrvatskoj. U radu je prikazan razvoj slobodnog pristupa informacijama i definirana je dostupnost arhivskog gradiva te je prikazano kako je ovo pitanje zakonski regulirano u Hrvatskoj. Provedeno je i kratko istraživanje na temu dostupnosti javnog arhivskog gradiva u pojedinim europskim državama prilikom čega se proučava hrvatsko i europsko zakonodavstvo. Analizirane su i uspoređene zakonske odredbe o dostupnosti javnog arhivskog gradiva koje se nalaze unutar arhivskog zakona i zakona kojim se uređuje pravo na pristup informacijama u Hrvatskoj, Malti, Poljskoj i Sloveniji te su one uspoređene s preporukama Europske unije. This diploma thesis investigates the connection and application of the Right of Access to Information in the archives. The emphasis is placed on comparing the Right to Access to Information and the accessibility of archives. This thesis presents the development of free access to information, defines the accessibility of archives, and illustrates how this issue has been addressed in the Croatian laws. A research on the accessibility of public archives in some European countries was carried out, during which Croatian and European legislation was studied. The legal provisions on the accessibility of public archives which can be found within the archives law and the law governing the Right of Access to Information in Croatia, Malta, Poland and Slovenia were analysed and compared with the recommendations of the European Union.

Ovaj rad opisuje proces digitalizacije arhivskog gradiva. Spomenuti su uređaji koji se koriste u procesu digitalizacije i navodi se u kojim slučajevima se koriste. Postoji više vrsta uređaja te se svaki razlikuje po obliku i funkciji. Tako postoji više vrsta skenera, fotoaparata i ostalih uređaja za digitalizaciju. Bitno je odabrati optimalni uređaj kako bi se gradivo pravilno digitaliziralo i kako bi korištenje digitaliziranog gradiva bilo olakšano. Također, objašnjeno je koje sve vrste uređaja postoje i po čemu se razlikuju. Svaki dokument digitalizira se na drugačiji način ovisno o obliku i vrsti gradiva. Gradivo koje je pohranjeno u arhiv ima svoju vrijednost zbog koje ga je vrijedno čuvati sve dok je dokument potreban ili do isteka zakonski propisanog roka čuvanja. Isto tako, digitalizacijom gradiva potrebno je osigurati dodatan prostor za pohranu digitalnog gradiva te razmišljati o dugotrajnoj pohrani na neki od digitalnih medija. Kako u ostatku svijeta tako i u Hrvatskoj, sve se više radi na digitalizaciji arhivskoga gradiva. Unatoč tome što digitalizacija nije u toliko jakom zamahu kao u ostalim članicama Europske unije, nastavkom rada na digitalnom napretku Hrvatska bi se u skoroj budućnosti mogla pridružiti ostalim Europskim zemljama. This thesis deals with the process of digitalization of archival materials. The devices used in the digitization process are mentioned, and in which cases they are used. There are several types of devices, each differing in shape and function. Also, there are many types of scanners, cameras and other digitization devices. It is important to choose the optimum device in order to digitize the materials properly and to facilitate use of the digitized materials. The thesis also explains what types of devices exist and how they differ. Each document is digitized differently depending on the form and type of material. The material stored in the archive has its value, which makes it worth keeping for as long as the document is needed or legally required. Also, by digitizing the materials, we need to provide additional storage space for the digital materials and we should think about long-term digital storage. In the rest of the world, as well as in Croatia, more and more effort is put in the digitization of archives. Despite the fact that digitization is not as fully developed as in other EU Member States, further work on digitization in Croatia could put it side by side to other European countries in the near future.

U posljednjih petnaest godina, od svojega nastanka do danas, društvena mreža Facebook svijetu je donijela brojne promjene. Osim što je promijenila način međusobne komunikacije na osobnoj ili privatnoj razini, promijenila je i način na koji različite ustanove, institucije, obrti i sl. komuniciraju sa svojim korisnicima te obratno. Ovaj rad propituje u kojoj je mjeri Facebook i danas relevantna društvena mreža i je li za arhive kao informacijske institucije doista važno da budu prisutni i aktivni na njemu. Osim toga, analiziraju se prednosti, mogućnosti i vrijednosti koje poslovnim subjektima i institucijama, a samim time i arhivima, donosi prisutnost na Facebooku. Također se istražuju načini rada sa stranicama na Facebooku, dobro i kvalitetno održavanje službenih poslovnih stranica, izgradnja pozitivnog odnosa sa zajednicom okupljenom na stranicama, dobre prakse koje potiču interaktivnost i zbližavanje te predstavljanje djelatnosti, usluga i drugih sadržaja u najboljem svjetlu. Analiziraju se i prikazuju primjeri dobre prakse održavanja Facebook stranica povezanih s arhivima i njihovom djelatnošću, dok se na primjeru službene Facebook stranice Katedre za arhivistiku i dokumentalistiku Odsjeka za informacijske i komunikacijske znanosti Filozofskog fakulteta Sveučilišta u Zagrebu istraživanjem sve navedeno pokazuje u praksi. In the last fifteen years, since its beginning until today, Facebook has brought numerous changes to this world. Besides changing the way people communicate to each other privately, it has also changed the way different institutions, businesses, companies etc. communicate with their users and vice versa. This thesis examines the extent to which Facebook is still a relevant social network today and whether it is important for archives as information institutions to be present and active on it. It also analyses the benefits, opportunities and added values that businesses and institutions, and therefore archives, get from being present on Facebook. Further on, it explores ways of working with Facebook pages, maintaining good and quality official business pages, building a positive relationship with the community gathered online, as well as good practices that encourage interactivity and interconnection, and positively present one's activities, services and other content. Good practices of maintaining Facebook pages related to archives and their activities are analysed and presented, while the official Facebook page of the Chair of archival and documentation sciences of the Department of information and communication sciences at the Faculty of humanities and social sciences, University of Zagreb, is used as the research example of the explained theory.

U ovom radu istražuju se načini prikaza arhivskog gradiva u baštinskim institucijama u Hrvatskoj s ciljem poboljšanja postojećih prikaza na temelju primjera dobre prakse iz Hrvatske te Europe i svijeta. Rad je podijeljen na dva dijela. Prvi, teorijski dio bavi se utvrđivanjem pojma arhivskog gradiva, što sve obuhvaća te kakvo može biti. U drugom dijelu rada istražuju se načini prikaza arhivskog gradiva u Hrvatskoj te se na temelju primjera iz baštinskih institucija predlažu poboljšanja u interpretaciji i prezentaciji. Budući da se rad temelji na eksponatima iz baštinskih institucija, svaka od odabranih je ukratko predstavljena. Njihovi arhivski fondovi su opisani s gledišta potencijalnih posjetitelja – prikazuju se načini predstavljanja arhivskog gradiva koji u današnje digitalno doba više ne moraju biti ograničeni samo na tiskanu riječ. Primjeri dobre prakse tako sežu i do različitih baštinskih institucija u Europi i svijetu, gdje je sve veći naglasak na interaktivnosti eksponata. Na kraju rada se analizom prikaza u različitim baštinskim institucijama izvodi zaključak u kojem se predlažu poboljšanja u prezentaciji i interpretaciji arhivskog gradiva. This thesis explores the ways in which archival records are showcased in the relevant Croatian institutions. This is done in order to suggest improvements by analysing the examples in Croatia, Europe and in the world. The thesis is organised into two parts. The first part defines the archival records and what they encompass. The second part explores the ways in which records are showcased in Croatia. Proposals on how to make improvements in interpretation and presentation are made with the help of examples from museums and libraries. Both museums and libraries, as well as their purposes, are explained and analysed in brief. Archival records are investigated from the perspective of potential visitors – examples of digital presentation are detailed as a new, more popular form of records. Examples thus encompass different institutions in Europe and in the world, where more emphasis is put on the interactivity of the exhibits. At the end of the thesis, a conclusion is made in which improvements in presentation and interpretation of archival records are proposed.

Nakladništvo objašnjavamo kao djelatnost izdavanja i distribuiranja tiskanog, audiovizualnog i elektroničkog gradiva široj javnosti. Ciljevi nakladničke djelatnosti su: osiguravanje literature, publiciranje znanstvenih i stručnih radova, promocije aktivnosti. Davne 1709. godine, donošenjem zakona o autorskim pravima, počele su se tiskati i prodavati knjige i časopisi. Istih godina počeli su se osnivati arhivi, ustanove koje služe za čuvanje i zaštitu pisane građe. Početkom 19. stoljeća arhivi postaju samostalne, kulturne i znanstvene ustanove, i donose se prvi zakoni. Za Hrvatsku je značajna 1950. godina, donošenjem Općeg zakona o državnim arhivima kada se razvila moderna arhivska služba u Republici Hrvatskoj. Provedeno je istraživanje na temelju informacija dostupnih na katalogu Nacionalne i sveučilišne knjižnice, od 1950. godine do danas, gdje je cilj istražiti kako su pokrivena područja arhiva, izdanjima u Republici Hrvatskoj. Publishing is explained as an activity of publishing and distribution of printed, audiovisual and electronic materials to the general public. The aims of publishing activities are: providing literature, publishing scientific and professional papers and promoting activities. Long ago, in the year 1709, by adopting the copyright law, books and magazines began to be printed and sold. In the same period, archives, the institutions for the preservation and protection of written material were set up. At the beginning of the 19th century, archives became independent, cultural and scientific institutions, and the first laws were adopted. The year 1950 is very significant for the Republic of Croatia. In that year, a modern archival service was developed in the Republic of Croatia, all because of the adoption of the General Law on State Archives. A research was conducted based on the catalog of the National and University Library, from 1950 to the present. The aim is to investigate the coverage of archives by publications in the Republic of Croatia.

With the turn towards the digital age, a growing number of institutions in the GLAM (Galleries, Archives, Museums and Libraries) sector started to identify a need for digitising their different collections placing them online with goals to preserve and exhibit them in the digital environment. After the initial efforts to develop policies, methodologies and best practices in transferring the collections into the online environment, researchers and practitioners have started to investigate possibilities of communicating those digitised collections with the public and seizing the opportunities that arise from digitisation. One of the approaches that cultural heritage institutions started to explore in order to involve the general public in their activities on the Web is crowdsourcing - taking a job traditionally performed by a designated agent (usually an employee) and outsourcing it to an undefined community in the form of an open call. In the heritage sector this means inviting members of the public, (“the crowd”), to tag and classify, transcribe, organize, and otherwise add value to digital cultural heritage collection content. In this paper we provide an overview of approaches in using the collective intelligence in the cultural heritage domain. Key terms, concepts and corresponding case studies are discussed, providing the framework for crowdsourcing projects within the heritage sector.