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The ageing population is a severe global issue that challenges social, health, and economic policies (Li et al., 2019). Ageing in place is the desire of most people. It can be defined as the ability to live in one's own home and community safely, independently, and comfortably, regardless of age, financial situation, or ability level (The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2009). Along with community support and technology, ageing in place allows older adults to remain in their own homes for as long as possible without moving to a long-term care facility. Simultaneously, there is a need for more suitable, affordable, and secure housing in several countries (Wetzstein, 2017) in both the rental and housing markets. Although “social mix” is reflected in several urban health policies, social sustainability is rarely reflected in government policies. For most housing projects in Western countries, social mix often refers to different income levels and tenures and does not reflect mixing generations or levels of disability. Therefore, housing projects often have high levels of isolation and loneliness among residents (Tereci, 2017). The overall aim of the scoping review will be to provide an overview based on the existing literature on the role of design features that support socially sustainable housing supply, specifically for older adults.

Closed door policies in dementia special care units are being contested where they limit individual freedom and mobility of residents. Questioning the use of such policies relates to the growing interest in involuntary care and the rights of older persons in long-term care and highlights moral questions regarding the balance between freedom and safety (Graham, 2021; Hamers et al., 2016; Schulmann et al., 2018). Understanding the legal position of people in long-term care has highlighted the morality of using interventions, such as physical restraints and restrictive practices, in countries such as Spain, Portugal, and the Netherlands(Estévez-Guerra et al., 2017; Ferrao et al., 2021; Frederiks, 2020; Frederiks et al., 2017; Hofmann et al., 2015; Scheepmans et al., 2018). Additionally, countries such as Canada, England, Finland, Germany, the Netherlands, and Norway continue to explore policy that restricts the right to self-determination in the care of older people, including the ethics of using closed-door policies and surveillance technologies(Dixon et al., 2020; Driessen et al., 2017; Landeweer et al., 2021; Lowndes et al., 2021; Niemeijer et al., 2015; Piirainen et al., 2021; Tufford et al., 2018). Further, it is essential to consider the principles of human rights (respect, freedom, dignity and equality) of people with dementia to live meaningful lives in environments that meet their individual needs (Charras et al., 2016). Unfortunately, this is not a common practice where dementia environments rarely reflect the diversity and equity of the patient population. For instance, dementia (e.g., Alzheimer's disease) disproportionately affects women more than men in both prevalence and severity (Carter et al., 2012).. However, nursing home environments rarely consider sex and gender in the design and operations. Further, there is minimal knowledge on gender-specific measures used to prevent people with dementia from exiting a nursing home environment. Therefore, this scoping review aims to provide an overview of the characteristics, ethics and gender considerations of using measures to prevent people with dementia from leaving a nursing home environment.