Search

GIS are an essential element in archaeology. Their use has become widespread for their potential to store, reference, analyse and visualise spatial information. Nonetheless, to the best of our knowledge, a systematic review of academic peer-reviewed publications related to the use of GIS, as a framework, in archaeology has never been presented before. Our goal in this work is to identify what has been published so far in relation to using GIS in archaeology within a small selected sample. We used the PRISMA guideline to perform a systematic review of 671 publications that we identified using the SCOPUS database and the keywords ‘GIS’ and ‘archaeology’. The collected publications were screened, analysed, and categorized into different relevant categories. Our analysis shows that GIS, in our selected sample, are mostly used for visualization and information management tasks. Moreover, spatial analysis studies were more common than other studies, and theoretical publications are scarce. The lack of a theoretical background in GIS may be the cause of some of the problems related to GIS applications in archaeology.

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Cuadernos de Investigación Histórica 44 (44): 281–296. doi:10.18172/brocar.4560.Vicente García, V., and S. Díaz Jiménez. 2021. “Nuevas evidencias arqueológicas en la provincia de Soria: Posibles aportaciones para el estudio de la presencia militar romana en la Submeseta Norte.” BSSA Arqueología 87: 1–29. doi:10.24197/ba.LXXXVII.0.1-29Vidal.Volken, S., and M. Volken. 2008. Les clous de chaussures, témoins du cheminement des voyageurs, 391–396. Aosta: Alpis Poenina, Grand Saint-Bernard, une Voie à Travers l’Europe.Welfare, H., and V. G. San. 1995. Roman Camps in England. The Field Archaeology. London: Royal Comission of the Historical Monuments of England.Zanier, W. 2016. Der Spätlatène und frühkaiserzeitliche Opferplatz auf dem Döttenbichl südlich von Oberammergau. München: Verlag C. H. Beck. A new Roman military site was recently detected in Galicia, Spain, an area where the army presence had been challenging to trace until date. O Penedo dos Lobos is a playing-card shaped camp with very distinctive, fortified entrances. The archaeological survey conducted on this site in the summer of 2018 allowed us to recover some elements of Roman militaria, as well as numismatic evidence dating back to late 1st c. BC, thus suggesting a connection with the Cantabrian-Asturian Wars of Augustan times. However, there is still some uncertainty regarding the specific task undertaken by the military contingent that occupied this site. Besides its historical implications, a focus will be given to the methodology applied for the archaeological survey of this site. This has shed new light on the Roman military presence in Galicia, allowing its integration into wider European debates on Roman conquest and expansion Recientemente se detectó un nuevo sitio militar romano en Galicia, un área donde la presencia del ejército había sido difícil de rastrear hasta la fecha. O Penedo dos Lobos es un campamento en forma de naipe con entradas fortificadas muy distintivas. El estudio arqueológico realizado en este sitio en el verano de 2018 nos permitió recuperar algunos elementos de militaria romana, así como pruebas numismáticas que datan de finales del siglo I a. C. que sugieren una conexión con las guerras cántabro-astures de la época de Augusto. Sin embargo, aún existe cierta incertidumbre sobre la tarea específica que llevó a cabo el contingente militar que ocupó este sitio. Además de sus implicaciones históricas y arqueológicas, nos centraremos en detalle en la metodología aplicada en el estudio de este sitio. Esto nos ha permitido arrojar nueva luz sobre la presencia militar romana en Galicia, permitiendo su integración en los debates europeos más amplios sobre la conquista y la expansión romana This work was supported by the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie [grant agreement No 794048]; the postdoctoral research programme of the Regional Government of Galicia (Xunta de Galicia, Spain) [Grant agreements n. ED481B 2016/117-0 and IN606B 2016/002] SI

Provenance and production of tin in the Ancient World has since long been a major topic of discussion among archaeologists. In Western Europe, where significant tin ore (cassiterite) deposits are known, only a few remains of ancient tin production, such as tin slags, have been detected. In the present work, elemental and microstructural analyses by WDXRF, SEM-EDS and XRD were performed on recently recognised tin slags from the Iron Age Carvalhelhos hillfort located in NW Iberia, a territory that represents the largest extension with tin mineralisation in Western Europe. Elemental and microstructural characterisation of cassiterite collected in a pilot field survey in the region of the hillfort are presented and discussed, as well as two ceramic fragments that could be part of a smelting structure and an iron slag from the settlement. Results show that the tin slags have variable but high contents in Sn, similarly to Pre-Medieval tin slags found in other Western European areas, but also high contents of Ta and Nb, which specifically distinguish them from other tin slags, such as those found in SW Britain. Tin ores from the hillfort region frequently have Ta and Nb in cassiterite solid solution or as inclusions of columbite group minerals, relating well with the Carvalhelhos tin slags. Up to present, the Carvalhelhos slags are amongst the very few ancient tin slags known in Western Europe, and their study can contribute to a better knowledge on ancient tin sources and trade routes.

Resumo: Com este trabalho pretendemos apresentar tres novas zonas mineiras auriferas e estanhiferas de epoca Romana no alto vale do Tâmega (concelhos de Montalegre e Boticas, Norte de Portugal). Atraves de uma metodologia interdisciplinar, integrando diferentes metodos e tecnicas arqueologicas, geologicas e geoespaciais, realizamos uma analise e caracterizacao destas zonas mineiras. No final, efetuamos algumas consideracoes historicas sobre as mesmas. Palavras-chave: Mineracao Romana, ouro, estanho, metodologia interdisciplinar. Abtsract: New evidence of Roman gold and tin mining in the upper Tâmega valley (Montalegre and Boticas, Northern Portugal) With this work, we intend to present three new Roman gold and tin mining areas in the upper Tâmega valley (Montalegre and Boticas municipalities, Northern Portugal). Through an interdisciplinary methodology, integrating different archaeological, geological and geospatial methods and techniques, we carry out an analysis and characterization of these mining areas. In the end, we make some historical considerations about them. Keywords: Roman mining, gold, tin, interdisciplinary methodology.

O presente trabalho apresenta os primeiros resultados de um estudo arqueometalurgico detalhado, ainda em curso, efetuado sobre um conjunto de achados metalicos encontrado no sitio de Moinhos de Golas, freguesia de Solveira, concelho de Montalegre. Este, genericamente, atribuido a Proto-historia foi ja objeto de uma primeira publicacao (FONTE et al. 2013).A colecao e composta por 35 objetos, entre os quais se encontram armas, artefactos de adorno e utensilios, entre outros de dificil classificacao funcional.Foram efetuadas radiografias por raios X, analises elementares por micro-EDXRF e observacoes microestruturais por microscopia otica na maioria dos artefactos. As imagens radiograficas revelaram algumas heterogeneidades estruturais nalgumas pecas e as analises elementares demonstraram que a maioria dos artefactos foi produzida numa liga de bronze binaria (Cu-Sn), sendo, no entanto, de destacar o uso de outros metais e ligas, como, por exemplo, cobre e latao. Foram, ainda, observadas microestruturas associadas a diferentes processos de manufatura que poderao envolver ciclos de martelagem e recozimento, com ou sem operacoes de acabamento. Palavras-chave: Arqueometalurgia, Bronze, Composicao elementar, Tecnicas de manufatura, Tecnicas analiticas First results of an archaeometallurgical study of a collection from Moinhos de Golas archaeological site (Montalegre, Portugal) The present work presents the first results of a detailed archaeometallurgical study, still ongoing, on a group of metallic findings from Moinhos de Golas archaeological site (Montalegre, Portugal), generically attributed to the Protohistory, and previously presented in a paper dealing with its discovery (FONTE et al. 2013).The collection is composed by 35 objects, which include weapons, ornaments and tools, among other objects of a more difficult classification.The archaeometallurgical study involved X-ray radiography, elemental analysis by micro-EDXRF and microstructural observations by optical microscopy. The radiographies revealed some structural heterogeneities in some artefacts and the elemental analysis showed that most of the artefacts were produced in a binary bronze alloy (Cu-Sn), being others made in copper and brass. Microstructures associated with different manufacturing processes were observed, which may involve hammering and annealing cycles with or without finishing operations. Keywords: Archaeometallurgy, Bronze, Alloy composition, Manufacturing techniques, Analytical techniques

In this work, we study a possible Roman military settlement located on the eastern slope of the Padrela Mountain, named Alto da Cerca (Valpaços, Portugal). The use of a non-invasive methodology allowed us to characterise the site archaeologically and to differentiate it in relation to the local settlement network. Considering that the Roman army was directly involved in control tasks and protection of mining areas, but also in logistical issues and technical and administrative planning, as well as administration and territorial organization, we seek to contextualize the settlement in relation to the Roman mining district of Tresminas., Pretendemos com este trabalho dar a conhecer um possível assentamento militar romano localizado na vertente Oriental da serra da Padrela: o Alto da Cerca (Valpaços, Portugal). O uso de uma metodologia não-invasiva permitiu-nos caracterizar arqueologicamente este sítio e diferenciá-lo em relação à rede de povoamento local. Tendo em consideração que o exército romano estaria directamente envolvido em tarefas de controlo e proteção das zonas mineiras, mas também com questões logísticas e técnico-administrativas de planificação, administração e organização territorial, procuramos contextualizar este assentamento em relação ao distrito mineiro romano de Tresminas.

10 páginas, 4 figuras, 2 láminas., [ES] Se da a conocer la Pedra da Póvoa (Póvoa, Ribeira de Pena), un monolito inédito, grabado con motivos abstractos y un zoomorfo. Consideramos posible fecharlo en la Edad del Hierro del Noroeste Peninsular. Se presentan las condiciones del hallazgo, emplazamiento y descripción tecno-morfológica de los grabados y se plantean algunas consideraciones en torno a su contextualización crono-estilística., [EN] This paper offers a preliminary study of Pedra da Póvoa, a carved monolith displaying curvilinear motifs and one deer, possibly dated to the Iron Age, which was recently discovered in Northern Portugal. It provides an account of the find conditions, spatial environment, a description of the engravings and a preliminary discussion of its chronological and stylistic contexts.

During the Portuguese War of Restoration (1640–1668), a series of fortifications were built along the Spanish-Portuguese border. The archaeological study of these sites combines different disciplines (landscape archaeology, archaeology of architecture, geospatial technologies, and documentary studies), with the aim of recovering the record of an ancient fortified landscape. This project revealed the construction of a number of small fortifications around the fortress of San Luís Gonzaga (Valença, Portugal), most of which disappeared after the signing of the Treaty of Lisbon in 1668. In the area of Campos (Vila Nova de Cerveira, Portugal), we were able to document what was probably a Modern Age fortification by analysing historic aerial photography, despite the recent construction of an industrial estate. It was also located inside a larger, square structure, which we identified as a possible Roman camp. In this paper, we discuss both fortifications, the methodological process that was developed in order to identify and study them, their possible interpretation, and how they interact with each other.

[ES] El presente artículo discute distintas propuestas interpretativas que han sido publicadas tras la aparición, en el noroeste de la Península Ibérica, de las llamadas estatuas-menhir. Inicialmente se repasa la caracterización de estos monumentos y se analiza la regularidad que nos ha llevado a considerarlas parte de un mismo problema histórico. Partiendo del estudio del contexto territorial y paisajístico analizamos la relación entre la localización de las estatuas-menhir y la movilidad en la zona de estudio. Nuestro objetivo final es plantear la posible pervivencia temporal de estos monumentos y explorar los procesos de variación de su sentido que se han podido generar en relación con los cambios de contexto y dinámica socio-cultural., [EN] This paper discusses several interpretative proposals that have been published about the appearance, in the northwest of the Iberian Peninsula, of the so called menhir-statues. Initially we review the characterization of these monuments and we analyze the regularity that has led us to consider them as part of the same historic problem. Based on the study of territorial and landscape context we analyze the relationship between the location of the menhir-statues and mobility in the study area. The ultimate goal is to analyze the possible temporary survival of these monuments and to explore the processes of variations of meaning that could have been generated in relation to context changes and socio-cultural dynamics.