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The mandible can provide valuable information on both the life history and genetic makeup of Archaic human populations. If two genetically separated Homo sapiens populations practice differing dietary behaviors, one may expect to see significant variation in mandibular morphology. The following analysis tests two hypotheses: (1) that there are significant differences in morphology in mandibular shape between the sexes amongst Archaic North American H. sapiens and (2) that there is a significant difference in variance in mandibular shape between Archaic Floridian and Alaskan H. sapiens. The Archaic Floridian H. sapiens are taken from the Windover burial site and the Alaskan H. sapiens are taken from the Point Hope burial site. A sample made from mandible specimens taken from both populations is subjected to Principal Component Analyses (PCA). The component scores from the PCAs are subjected to both a Multivariate Analysis of Covariance (MANCOVA) and general Multivariate Analysis of Variance (MANOVA) to determine whether significant differences in variance exist between the sexes and the populations. The MANCOVA found that there were no significant interactions between the PC scores between populations, sexes, or size. Significant differences in variance were found between males and females and between the Windover and Point Hope populations. Differences in variance observed between the populations are suspected to be due to differences in subsistence strategies. Differences in variance between the sexes are suspected to be genetic in origin.