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This article presents outcomes from a Workshop entitled "Bioarchaeology: Taking Stock and Moving Forward," which was held at Arizona State University (ASU) on March 6-8, 2020. Funded by the National Science Foundation (NSF), the School of Human Evolution and Social Change (ASU), and the Center for Bioarchaeological Research (CBR, ASU), the Workshop's overall goal was to explore reasons why research proposals submitted by bioarchaeologists, both graduate students and established scholars, fared disproportionately poorly within recent NSF Anthropology Program competitions and to offer advice for increasing success. Therefore, this Workshop comprised 43 international scholars and four advanced graduate students with a history of successful grant acquisition, primarily from the United States. Ultimately, we focused on two related aims: (1) best practices for improving research designs and training and (2) evaluating topics of contemporary significance that reverberate through history and beyond as promising trajectories for bioarchaeological research. Among the former were contextual grounding, research question/hypothesis generation, statistical procedures appropriate for small samples and mixed qualitative/quantitative data, the salience of Bayesian methods, and training program content. Topical foci included ethics, social inequality, identity (including intersectionality), climate change, migration, violence, epidemic disease, adaptability/plasticity, the osteological paradox, and the developmental origins of health and disease. Given the profound changes required globally to address decolonization in the 21st century, this concern also entered many formal and informal discussions., (© 2022 American Association of Biological Anthropologists.)

Current archaeological research on cultigens emphasizes the protracted and intimate human interactions with wild species that defined paths to domestication and, with certain plants, profoundly impacted humanity. Tobacco arguably has had more impact on global patterns in history than any other psychoactive substance, but how deep its cultural ties extend has been widely debated. Excavations at the Wishbone site, directed at the hearth-side activities of the early inhabitants of North America's desert west, have uncovered evidence for human tobacco use approximately 12,300 years ago, 9,000 years earlier than previously documented. Here we detail the preservation context of the site, discuss its cultural affiliation and suggest ways that the tobacco may have been used. The find has implications for our understanding of deep-time human use of intoxicants and its sociocultural intersection with food crop domestication., (© 2021. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Limited.)

This paper examines the role of history in power relations which suppress Indigenous knowledges. History is located as being about power and about how the powerful maintain their power. The paper further examines the Bering Strait theory/myth and ways that discourses in history combine with discourses in science to devalue Indigenous knowledges. The "truth" of science is challenged and examples of manipulation of scientific knowledge are provided, including discussions of a Canadian Broadcasting Corporation made for television production "A people's history" and an Internet website provided by the American government. These production activities supported by the Canadian and American governments are considered educational activities engaged in the practice of cultural representation in which dominant discourses about Indigenous peoples are presented. The paper challenges dominant misrepresentations of discourses about Indigenous peoples in a discussion of educational practices emphasizing the need of Indigenous peoples to control education and cultural representations. The paper concludes that it is a responsibility of society to educate all students to understand that any portrayal of history comes from a particular vantage point and to understand that dominant society privileges some representations and disadvantages others. If we teach in a critical way and challenge dominant discourses we can begin to create a society in which all persons in Canada and the USA, including Indigenous peoples, have a role to play.

The effect of law on research and scholarship is amply illustrated by the Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act and other statutes, which, when they impel reburial of archaeological discoveries, result in a very real sacrificing of our past. In this case, the Act seems driven by a misguided notion that anthropology is not the dispassionate pursuit of knowledge, but the persistent urge of powerful white men to oppress Indians. The claim that tampering with prehistoric relics disturbs spirits is much too eagerly embraced by our judges and bureaucrats from the legal briefs of native activists and entrepreneurs, who could have no ancestral or any other ties to the remains. James W. Springer laments the crucial scientific data lost through such folly. (Contains 104 notes.)

Copyright of Estonian Journal of Archaeology is the property of Teaduste Akadeemia Kirjastus and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Studies in the sociopolitics of archaeology have shown patterns of inequality in publishing. Because this inequality affects the richness of perspectives on the past, the extent of unevenness requires continual documentation. This article explores gendered and institutionally based patterns of authorship in prominent archaeology journals, archaeology papers in general science journals, and Sapiens, a public-facing web magazine, from 2016 to 2021. We find that the representation of women is similar across these two types of journals, for authors both in the United States and abroad. Men still publish significantly more than women though the gap is narrowing due to the publication activity of recent PhDs. Using a large database of PhDs as a baseline for comparison, we find that women publish less in these venues than expected, resulting in an imbalance. Some archaeology programs have a larger presence in journal publishing than others, but this imbalance is not as pervasive as what has been observed in hiring practices. Archaeology journals exhibit healthier measures of diversity, compared to Science, in terms of the institutional affiliation of authors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Kiva is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Archaeologies of internment present unique challenges and benefits. Myriad aspects of human behaviour that stretch over temporal scales of generations and centuries at other archaeological sites are visible in ephemeral traces of short-term occupation at sites of internment such as prisoner of war (POW)camps; resistance, domination, the structure and scaffolds of authority, agency and identity are created, cast, and discarded into the soil. The paper examines some of these stories from the earth through military prisons of the American Civil War, and the ephemeral archaeology of selected case studies: Camp Lawton, Andersonville, and Johnson's Island. Themes explored are globalization and the intersection of the global at the local in prison camps, resistance, its forms, and function within POW camps; and how resistance intersecting with systems of structural violence within internment camps spurred the development of a masculinity in the 19th century during, and after the American Civil War, different from societal norms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Presents an abstract of the study `Molecular Archaeology: An Analysis of Ancient Native American DNA from Western Nevada' by F.A. Kaestle.

The economic development of archaeological sites usually refers to tourism. The economic role of actual research is frequently ignored. This paper critically examines the benefits that field research yields, especially at the community level and particularly in the developing world. Its focus is on the economic impact of archaeology field school programmes populated by US-based students. Although most funding for field research is directed towards projects in developed countries, a significant portion is available - and directly supports - projects in developing countries. This paper presents data on archaeological field schools collected in the past five years from four different data sources - the Archaeological Institute of America, the Institute for Field Research, University of California Los Angeles Field Programs, and the Institute of International Education - and summarizes trends at the global scale. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores how the municipal archaeology programs found in Alexandria, Virginia; St. Augustine, Florida; and Phoenix, Arizona have played a prominent role in developing unique, place-based amenities that integrate local history with other community needs. These cities are unusual in that they maintain archaeologists on city staff and that those archaeologists have used their positions to develop local environments that are extremely supportive of public engagement with history. Using interviews as well as archival and documentary sources, this paper demonstrates how the public's resulting familiarity with archaeology has allowed the interpretation of local history to take a variety of unexpected forms, including public and private open spaces, urban walking and cycling trails, museums, and public art, among many others. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pragmatism's anti-essentialist emphasis on contingency and plurality and its notion of truth-as-created (not discovered) have important implications for the interpretation of archaeological data, and for the 'public presentation' of archaeological research. This paper will examine a pragmatically oriented project in Brazoria, Texas, USA, in which archaeologists and local citizens (including site descendants) have collaborated to create an Internet website to discuss the politically and emotionally charged archaeologies and histories of an eighteenth-century sugar plantation. It will discuss ways in which a pragmatic philosophical framework has given archaeologists new ways of approaching and 'conversing' about their data, and new ways of dealing, openly and non-hierarchically, with the communities most affected by their research. It will also discuss ways in which elements of post-processual archaeological theory – multivocality, interactivity, reflexivity and contextuality – were incorporated within both the content and delivery of the website, and will close with a short discussion about whether these strategies were effective in creating an open, relevant, democratic and multivocal discourse about archaeology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Archaeological sites continue to be discovered and explored around the world. The archaeological materials buried within these sites can be of great cultural significance, but the process of exploration and preservation is challenging in these fragile and complex environments, especially in high population areas with substantial development. Civil engineers are often engaged with archaeologists in one of two roles, either as first finders on construction sites or as active contributors in preservation efforts on existing archaeological sites. In both cases, the effect of the interactions between the two parties can be elevated through improved understanding of archaeological needs, with the goal of establishing more routine and productive collaborations. A review of the professional intersections between the civil engineering profession and the archaeological community is presented in this paper. In the last few decades, there have been increased legislative efforts to protect archaeological sites, and a historical review of the effects of legislation for site conservation in the United States and United Kingdom is presented. On the basis of a cross-disciplinary literature review, the dissemination of cooperative relationships between civil engineers and archaeologists appears to be increasing, which is also indicated by the growth of strategic conferences and workshops. Lastly, this paper discusses prominent contributions that civil engineers have made, and should continue to make, in three specific areas of archaeological practice: subsurface exploration, foundation reuse and mixed foundation design, and site reburial. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper reviews studies of phenotypic inheritance and microevolutionary processes in archaeological populations using data on cranial and dental phenotypic variation, often referred to as paleogenetics or biodistance analysis. The estimation of biological distances between populations, or among individuals within populations, is one component of bioarchaeological research on past populations. In this overview, five approaches that focus on morphological variation within cemeteries are summarized: kinship and cemetery structure analysis, postmarital residence analysis, sample aggregate phenotypic variability, temporal microchronology, and age-structured phenotypic variation. Previous research, theoretical justifications, and methods are outlined for each topic. Case studies are presented that illustrate these theoretical and methodological bases, as well as demonstrate the kinds of inferences possible using these approaches. Kinship and cemetery structure analysis seeks to identify the members of family groups within larger cemeteries or determine whether cemeteries were kin-structured. Analysis of sex-specific phenotypic variation allows estimation of postmarital residence practices, which is important for understanding other aspects of prehistoric social organization. Analysis of aggregate phenotypic variability can be used to infer site formation processes or cemetery catchment area. The study of temporal microchronologies can be used to evaluate provisional archaeological chronologies or study microevolutionary processes such as adaptive selection or changing patterns of gene flow. Finally, age-structured phenotypic variation can be reflective of selection processes within populations or it can be used as a measure of morbidity, growth arrest, and early mortality within past populations. Use of phenotypic data as a genotypic proxy is theoretically sound, even at small scales of analysis., ((c) 2006 Wiley-Liss, Inc.)

The Lattimer Massacre occurred in September of 1897 in the anthracite coalfields of Northeast Pennsylvania. This tragic event saw the death of 19 miners, fired upon by local law enforcement and a posse gathered from local businessmen. This paper will situate this event amidst the deeply turbulent themes underlying the Gilded Age: race, American exceptionalism and Empire and labor struggle. A project undertaken by archaeologists from the University of Maryland seeks to restore the memory of the massacre, highlighting the implications of this history within the current anti-immigrant politics extant in its contemporary setting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper discusses the Kennewick lawsuit as it relates to the intended purposes of NAGPRA. It also reflects upon comments made by Swedlund and Anderson (1999) in a recent American Antiquity Forum, which conceptually linked two ancient skeletons, Gordon Creek Woman and Kennewick Man. Their assertions indicate the need for clarifying specific issues and events pertaining to the case. We comment on how times have changed with the passage of NAGPRA, how differently these two skeletons have been treated by the media and the scientists interested in them, and show how discussions of biological affiliation have relevance. There is still much to be learned from Kennewick Man and Gordon Creek Woman. But attempts to bring the concept of race or racial typing into the picture show misunderstanding regarding the use of morphological data in tracing population historical relationships, not to mention obfuscating the scientific issues they raise.

Abstract Child labor has been called an archaeological "enigma" because its expression varies with age, gender, social organization, and economy. There are negative connotations in Western societies, especially given the abuses of the industrial revolution, and for hunter-gatherers it seems to contradict the notion of original affluent societies. Yet the adoption of tasks marks progress toward adulthood. There is no reason to assume that children were not willing participants, or that labor is onerous. Child labor is an expected and natural element of growing up. This paper examines foraging behavior with a specific focus on the collection of mollusks at the Main Street Kronprindsens Gade (KPG) site, St. Thomas, USVI (circa cal. 400 CE). It is argued that an abundance of small, rocky intertidal and shallow seagrass inhabiting mollusks reflects foraging by children. General characteristics of these food items and the behaviors they represent are proposed as a model for identifying one aspect of labor by children. The association of mollusk collecting with children also helps to explain what would appear to be non-optimal foraging by adults, and the social relations of production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: The Journal of Archaeological Science first appeared in 1974 as an explicitly interdisciplinary medium, linking archaeology with the natural sciences, and one that emphasizes methodological innovation. This editorial analysis examines the steady growth of the journal from 400 to 3200 print pages per annum, and from a small to a large, double-column format. The impact factor increased until it became the leading archaeological journal overall. Tracking the published papers according to national origin, manuscripts from the USA began to outpace those from the UK in 1990, and Australia, South Africa and Canada are well represented. After 2000 the influx of papers from non-Anglophone countries also increased rapidly until by 2008 they exceeded those from the UK or USA. A growing interest for archaeological science is suggested in Mediterranean countries such as France, Israel, Spain and Italy. Thematic trends are more difficult to track due to the growing structural complexity of many papers. That said, there is no striking thematic shift, confirming the viability of the inclusive philosophy and diversity of the journal, and its balance between problems and analytical innovation, as applied to significant archaeological issues. Possible editorial responses to changing directions in archaeology are discussed. For all scientific periodicals, the efficacy of the peer-review system today is challenged by the increasing numbers of journals and manuscripts, together with the greater specialization of high-tech methods. This demands greater professional responsibility as well as new solutions. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

This paper is concerned with the manufacture and trade of post-medieval crucibles (14th–19th centuries). The analytical study of crucibles from different contexts in Europe and America employed optical microscopy and SEM–EDS, coupled with archaeological and historical data. We identified two major producers of crucibles, both of them in Central Europe, whose products appear widely distributed internationally. The analytical data allow an explanation of the technical reasons behind their superior reputation, as both crucible types shared comparable material properties, such as thermal, chemical and mechanical stability. Conversely, the two crucible types were radically different in their manufacture and appearance. We argue that, besides technical considerations, sensorial aspects such as texture and colour may have played an important role in the perception and choice of materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper has been undertaken in order to demonstrate the historical and scientific weaknesses of traditional perspectives held by orthodox historians, archaeologists, linguists, and scholars, that contentiously maintain that it is an implausible idea to suggest that Africans could have journeyed across the vastness of the sea and made contact with the peoples of ancient America, prior to the European contact period. The idea is seen as being sacrosanct, thereby, negating any veracity for possible cultural contact that might have yielded any significant influence upon the philosophical, religious, scientific, or aesthetic sensibilities of the indigenous peoples of Mesoamerica (e.g. Olmec, Maya, Aztec, Inca). The notion essentially embodies a constricted conceptual framework from which to view a people's capacity and potential, thus rendering the landscape of ancient American history as neither smooth nor easily traveled. Nonetheless, the study will validate by means of evidence gleaned as a consequence of a qualitative interdisciplinary approach, that there was exogenous cultural contact between the "Old World" and "New World" prior to Columbus' arrival in 1492. The data will also substantiate the feasibility for the use of: sea currents, world-wide winds, and celestial constellations, for antiqutous trans-continental and trans-pacific ocean travel, whether they be either intentional or otherwise, during the Pre-Columbian period (Hyerdahl, 1971; Savoy, 1974). Astonishingly, the research reveals, not only that there was an irrefutable African presence in Pre-Columbian America, moreover, the evidence suggests that there too was an ancient Asiatic and European presence (Chandler, 1992; Needham, 1959). This confirms what Dr. Ivan Van Sertima (1976) characterizes as the merging of the "three faces" (e.g. Negroid, Mongoloid, and Caucasoid), that constitute the most ancient Mexican civilization, the primordial Olmec, "La Cultura Madre" (Mother Culture), to which the broad name "Olmec" was derived, as well as "The People of the Jaguar". They were the people who forged the template of world view and governance and built cities and monumental structures, for example at San Lorenzo and La Venta, upon the ancient Mexican soil. The study also presents the reader with the conceptualization of a more comprehensive perspective of the meaning of literacy. Hence, the data not only demonstrates that there was an African presence in ancient America, as early as 1500 B.C., but through that contact, inscriptive communication, by means of discursive symbolism and aesthetic expressive forms fashioned by means of presentational symbolism, yield an astoundingly rich and indelible narrative imprint of literacy, creatively expressed in the form of: hieroglyphic writing, terracotta figurines, iconography, architecture, and colossal sculptures, found in the Olmec, Maya and other Mesoamerican civilizations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Efforts in the 1960s to demonstrate the value of the “new archaeology” involved showing that the competing culture-history paradigm was inferior. One allegedly weak plank in that paradigm had to do with how culture historians viewed culture-as a set of ideas transmitted in the form of ideal norms or mental templates. Lewis Binford referred to this view as “”normative theory.” In archaeology that view was manifest in the equation of artifact types with prehistoric norms-an equation that, according to Binford, the culture historians had made so that they could track the flow of ideas through time and thus write culture history. Culture historians regularly subscribed to cultural transmission as the theoretical backdrop for their artifact-based chronometers such as seriation and the direct historical approach, but with few exceptions they perceived only a weak relationship between norms and artifact types. It was not until 1960, in a paper by James Gifford, that what Binford labeled as normative theory appeared in anything approaching a complete form. Ironically, the first applications of normative theory were products of the new archaeologists, not the culture historians. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Features the Draw-an-Archaeologist Test (DART) to elicit students' conceptions about archaeology. Basis of DART; Application of DART to students at the University of California, Santa Barbara and at the Houston Museum of Natural Science in Texas.

Most recent summaries of eastern Beringian (Alaska and Yukon) archaeology present the Nenana complex, beginning 11,500–12,000 14C yr B.P., as the beginning of the regional archaeological record. Either explicitly or tacitly, these summaries dismiss or ignore a body of older putative evidence of human occupation that may span the late Wisconsin stade and even extend into part of the mid-Wisconsin interstade. This paper summarizes the interpretive problems surrounding the older findings, bringing together data that have accumulated over a period of two decades, in the hope that a coherent presentation will encourage more careful appraisals of the materials. The paper concludes with a family of testable hypotheses concerning the beginnings of human occupation in eastern Beringia. The hypothesis that people were present during the mid-Wisconsin interstade has not yet been falsified. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

This paper presents results of a comparison of the pollen and archaeological records in interior Alaska between about 14,000 and 9000 calibrated years B.P. (cal yr B.P.). The pollen and archaeological data were first calibrated and then plotted on synoptic maps to visually compare the inferred vegetation with archaeological site occupancy. Unfortunately, the analysis revealed that significant differences exist between vegetation records radiocarbon dated by decay counting and those dated by accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS), making the chronology of vegetation change difficult to interpret. Despite this, some general conclusions were reached: (1) At about 14,000 cal yr B.P., the initial peopling of Alaska occurred during a period of rapid climatic warming and increasing effective moisture. (2) The Younger Dryas (ca. 11,300-14,000 cal yr B.P.) had little effect on the vegetation and no effect on the people. (3) The early Holocene is marked by fewer archaeological sites by fewer archaeological sites than previous periods; it is unclear to what extent, if any, climate influenced population distribution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Virtual drama is based on the use of a shareable virtual world as a stage setting, with avatars controlled by actors and audience members. The Caracol Time Travel Project was an experiment in the use of virtual drama for learning about archaeology. Eighteen undergraduate students at the University of Central Florida used a locally developed Java-based system for sharing VRML worlds. They designed and constructed a virtual drama to teach basic concepts of Mesoamerican archaeology and the cultural history of the ancient Maya for middle schools. This paper presents their story design and details of the system we developed to support interaction in this shared virtual world. We then discuss performance issues, lessons learned and newer features that we did not have available at the time. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article responds to the comments on the paper "What the New Archaeology Has Accomplished," by Richard A. Watson in this issue. It is clarified that common sense is not societally or culturally determined. He also concurs that archaeologists should be concerned with theory. The author also explains that there can be no separate theory of archaeology.

This paper presents chronometric age determinations of petroglyphs from the Cow Range and Cima volcanic field and relative dating from other locations in the western United States using the new rock varnish technique of cation-ratio dating. Our results verify the proposed Great Basin relative stylistic chronology, which indicates that curvilinear abstract was followed by rectilinear abstract and representational. However, these styles have greater antiquity than previously proposed, suggesting new interpretations for the significance of the Coso Range rock art. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article comments on the paper "What the New Archaeology Has Accomplished," by Richard A. Watson in this issue. It is pointed out that Watson failed to live up to his promise of providing a survey of the concrete knowledge about prehistoric times accomplished since the 1960s by the followers of the New Archaeology. Nevertheless, the paper offers fresh knowledge but it should be pointed out that, contrary to Watson's joke, archaeology is not boring at all.

The article comments on the paper "What the New Archaeology Has Accomplished," by Richard A. Watson in this issue. The paper simply reaffirms concepts and characteristics already known from Watson's previous writings. However, while it claims to offer a retrospective evaluation of the American New Archaeology movement, it mostly focuses on the current and future shape of archaeological thinking.

The emergence of the Swift Creek style tradition represents a shift from two or three simple carved paddle designs to many thousands of unique paddle designs by middle Swift Creek then back to merely a few in late and post Swift Creek times. This explosion in designs is a striking phenomenon, in need of consideration. Increased design diversity implicates a rise in creativity, verging on an imperative to be unique, where none previously existed in this medium. In this paper, we offer a revised model of Swift Creek social dynamics by reference to the new-found creativity of paddle makers situated within the context of ethnographic case studies. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

An introduction is presented in which the authors discuss various reports within the issue on topics including the history of archaeology, conceptual diversity in 19th-century archaeology in the U.S., and the philosophical shortcomings of practitioners.

Except for the addition of modern material remains, the archaeological record is a finite resource, which means that, at some point in the future, there will be nothing left to find. In this paper, we model trends in archaeological discovery based on the growth of the field and the probability of site discovery. We compare this model to seven diverse datasets of archaeological discovery trends: (1) all sites from the state of Wyoming, USA; (2) high-altitude archaeological sites from the state of Colorado, USA; (3) mostly complete Neandertal crania; (4) monumental sites of the Maya Classic period; (5) proboscidean kill/scavenge sites globally; (6) Upper Paleolithic sites from Europe; and (7) a compilation of shipwreck discoveries. We forecast discovery trends over the current century. We show that, for all datasets, rates of discovery are in decline, and some segments of the record are near depletion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bacheeishdíio ("Place Where Men Pack Meal"), now culled Grapevine Creek in English, is the subject of Crow oral traditions that document the cultural significance of the landscape and celebrate centuries of bison hunting in the drainage. We report an ongoing, community-based project that integrates archaeological field training and research goals into a collaborative indigenous archaeology project supporting the expressed goal of the Crow Tribal Historic Preservation Office to prepare a district-level nomination for the Grapevine Creek drainage basin. This paper describes findings from field investigations that document buffalo jump locales, a previously unreported bison bonebed, and associated archaeological features in the drainage, grounding Crow oral traditions that document buffalo jumps and large-scale bison hunts firmly into the landscape. We take a holistic approach that incorporales multiple lines of evidence to assess the archaeological record associated with bison jumps and bison hunting on the Crow Reservation in southern Montana. Results of this project include an enriched understanding of the Grapevine Creek archaeological record, greater awareness of buffalo hunting strategies on the northwest Plains, and, through field training, enhanced cultural resource management capabilities for the Crow Tribal Historic Preservation Office. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Kiva is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The author lays out the problems and questions that prompted this special issue on "uneasy dialogues" across art history, archaeology, and contemporary art practice in the Americas. The art and visual culture of the Pre-Hispanic Americas is contested terrain. This essay discusses the temptation of "settler moves to innocence" in scholarship and in the contemporary art world. The author traces a surprising opportunity that emerges in a work by artist Gala Porras-Kim that, by accident, provides an ancient Moche captive bottle with conceptual liberation - not through return to bondage in northern Peru, but as escape to Yucatán. This text concludes by introducing the contents of this special issue that take the reader from the desert of New Mexico to the streets of Santiago de Chile. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Advances in Archaeological Practice is the property of Cambridge University Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Advances in Archaeological Practice is the property of Cambridge University Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Advances in Archaeological Practice is the property of Cambridge University Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper reports results of a 40 sq m block excavation of the Clovis assemblage from the Topper site, South Carolina. Topper is one of only three buried, extensively excavated Clovis quarry-related sites in North America. The Clovis assemblage was recovered in a buried component distinct from overlying Archaic and Woodland components. The site geomorphology and formation processes and the horizontal distribution of the assemblage are used to identify a workshop floor with discrete knapping loci created by unique production and use goals. The excavated assemblage from Topper provides useful and important information in order to reinterpret the Clovis occupation of the Southeast. Moreover, spatial patterning from Topper shows Clovis people organized and structured onsite activities at quarry-related sites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article comments on the paper "What the New Archaeology Has Accomplished," by Richard A. Watson in this issue. Watson is commended for doing an excellent work on placing the arguments of modern skeptics in archaeology within their historical framework. Agreements or disagreements are presented for the various proposals of Watson that archaeologists might follow in the pursuit of their endeavors.

The article discusses archaeological investigations of what was a 19th century urban farmstead in Raleigh, North Carolina. According to the article, the study area was located near the state Capitol building in Raleigh. The article discusses the earliest residence at the location and states that it was built by owner Charles Johnson for his family and African American slaves, the results of the investigations, particularly concerning postmolds and artifact assemblage, and fences. The article also discusses possibilities for future research of urban Raleigh.

I explore in this paper the significance of the headdress interred on Burial 11 under Hopewell Mound 25 by reexamining its archaeological context and the history of its interpretation. Following Shetrone's (1926) initial interpretation, I argue that it was an avian headdress that specifically portrayed a two-headed raptor. I support this reassessment with an iconographic analysis of related representations from the Central Ohio River Valley, especially the imagery engraved on a femur from Hopewell Mound 25.1 also delve into what these two-headed raptors might have meant to people in the Eastern Woodlands. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In 1929-1930, commercial waterworks inspired antiquarian ventures in Attica and Macedonia. An American firm faced the Marathon Dam in Pentelic marble and built a copy of the Athenian Treasury of Delphi at its foot, while fragments of a colossal ancient lion found while dredging the Strymon River near Amphipolis were recohstructed with support from the U.S. minister to Greece, Lincoln MacVeagh. At Corinth, archaeology drove hydraulic interventions. There, in 1932, Bert Hodge Hill undertook a comprehensive sanitation program with the Athens School of Hygiene, funded by the Rockefeller Foundation. This work remains an important case study in rural groundwater management, and it was an investment in the future of Ancient Corinth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The disciplinary mythology of North American archaeology grudgingly acknowledges Eli Lilly's financial support for research. At the same time it systematically devalues and even deletes his role as a productive scholar, the author of original works on the prehistory of Indiana, the creator of an effective archaeological seminar on the prehistory of Indiana and the Eastern United States, and the guiding force in the establishment of several enduring archaeological institutions. This paper documents the scholarly contributions of Eli Lilly. It shows how his mind and management skills were even more important to the development of archaeological research in the Midcontinent than was his financial support for many important archaeological research projects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

230Thorium dates on unweathered pieces of branch coral from the Mauna Kea Adze Quarry Complex suggest that a significant part of this quarry, the largest in the Hawaiian Islands, was in use by the mid-14th to mid-15th centuries AD. The dates also point to the high probability, of labour intensive mining of subsurface toolstone by this date, in addition to the much easier strategy of procuring toolstone from the surface. While there is abundant evidence that adze manufacture on Mauna Kea, like the making of a Hawaiian canoe, was an "affair of religion," branch coral was rarely used in the several different forms of ritualisation that have been documented in the quarry. Possible reasons for this are briefly explored in this short paper, which is one more contribution to refining the chronology of this highly significant and important archaeological complex. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper introduces a collection of seven papers on archaeological theory in the southeastern United States, originally presented as a plenary session of the 2012 meeting of the Southeastern Archaeological Conference in Baton Rouge, Louisiana. I explain the original idea for the session and present the instructions given in advance to the participants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The role of Europe and Europeans in the archaeology of post-1500 history has recently been critiqued. Some research has been pejoratively labeled Eurocentrism. This paper addresses the problems with adopting an emotional understanding of Eurocentrism and argues instead for its archaeological examination within the framework of an explicit rnultiscalar modern-world (historical) archaeology. An example comes from seventeenth-century Dutch settlements located in and around present-day Albany, New York. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]