12 results on '"Plant macroremains"'
Search Results
2. Archaeobotanical Studies from Hierakonpolis: Evidence for Food Processing During the Predynastic Period in Egypt
- Author
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Attia, Elshafaey A. E., Marinova, Elena, Fahmy, Ahmed G., Baba, Masahiro, Mercuri, Anna Maria, editor, D'Andrea, A. Catherine, editor, Fornaciari, Rita, editor, and Höhn, Alexa, editor
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Crops along the trade routes? Archaeobotany of the Bronze Age in the region of South Bohemia (Czech Republic) in context with longer distance trade and exchange networks.
- Author
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Šálková, Tereza, Chvojka, Ondřej, Hlásek, Daniel, Jiřík, Jaroslav, John, Jan, Novák, Jan, Kovačiková, Lenka, and Beneš, Jaromír
- Subjects
- *
CROPS , *TRADE routes , *PLANT remains (Archaeology) , *BRONZE Age - Abstract
The number of species of crop plants in Central Europe increased constantly during the Bronze Age. The structure of the composition of cultivated plants was probably connected to the cultural contacts of human populations. During the Bronze Age (2300/2000–800 BC), the region of South Bohemia (Czech Republic) increasingly became the focus of long-distance trade and exchange networks with regions to the east and many other regions (the Eastern Alps, the Alpine Foreland, the central lowlands of the Czech Republic, Hungary and Western Slovakia). The aim of the paper is to examine archaeobotanical assemblages of charred plant remains to see if these changes within Bronze Age societies, and their spheres of interaction, are also recorded within their agricultural practices. In particular, the importance of specific individual crop species can be reflected in the study region in comparison with other individual regions of Central Europe. Humans in the region of South Bohemia had more connections with the Eastern Alps and the Alpine Foreland region during the Early and Middle Bronze Ages. Regarding the structure of crop species, the composition of sub/dominant crops in South Bohemia and the Eastern Alps and the Alpine Foreland had many similarities. The cultural trajectory of the human populations of the South Bohemian region changed substantially in the Late and Final Bronze Ages: intensive contacts are documented, primarily with the region of Central Bohemia. This is reflected in the composition of the sub/dominant crops in South Bohemia, which shows many similarities to the other regions of the Czech Republic. Changes in migration and exchange networks—in particular those that involved more formalised trade—are associated with a large number of innovations and specific goods and led to much wider levels of cultural and social integration within Bronze Age Europe than had been previously seen. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. Indagini archeobotaniche di un butto moderno (XV-XVI sec.) in piazza G. Di Vagno, Corato (BA).
- Author
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Della Penna, Valeria, Rosaria Depalo, Maria, and Fiorentino, Girolamo
- Abstract
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- Published
- 2017
5. What is a litre of sediment? Testing volume measurement techniques for wet sediment and their implications in archaeobotanical analyses at the Late Neolithic lake-dwelling site of Parkhaus Opéra (Zürich, Switzerland).
- Author
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Antolín, Ferran, Steiner, Bigna L., Vach, Werner, and Jacomet, Stefanie
- Subjects
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SEDIMENTS , *PLANT remains (Archaeology) , *NEOLITHIC Period , *FOSSIL plants - Abstract
Volume measurements in archaeobotany are not performed uniformly. The goal of this paper therefore is to test the different known methods and to define the obtained differences, in order to make the density values (remains per litre of sediment) for plant macroremains in the samples comparable between sites. Three methods of volume measurement were tested for a large number of samples of different sizes coming from two late Neolithic layers of the lakeshore site of Parkhaus Opéra (Zürich, Switzerland). The sampled layers were preserved in waterlogged conditions and there were samples rich in sand, loam, lake marl but mostly consisting of organic remains, including uncharred subfossil plant macroremains. In general, the classical volume (that is the upper limit of the sediment in water) measured before and after freezing as pre-treatment gave similar results. But a systematic difference was found between the classical volume measured after freezing and the displacement volume. This difference could be described by a proportionality factor of 1.5. This proportionality factor could be used to make data obtained with different methods of volume measurement comparable, although more evaluations are needed from other sites in order to test the generality of the factor proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. Archaeobotany in Italian ancient Roman harbours.
- Author
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Sadori, Laura, Allevato, Emilia, Bellini, Cristina, Bertacchi, Andrea, Boetto, Giulia, Di Pasquale, Gaetano, Giachi, Gianna, Giardini, Marco, Masi, Alessia, Pepe, Caterina, Russo Ermolli, Elda, and Mariotti Lippi, Marta
- Subjects
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PLANT remains (Archaeology) , *HARBORS , *FOSSIL plants , *PALYNOLOGY , *SHIPWRECKS , *SEDIMENTS - Abstract
The present study is a review of the archaeobotanical analyses carried out in the last decade at the three ancient Roman port/dock system sites of Pisae , Portus , and Neapolis . Pollen, plant macrofossils (leaf, wood, seed/fruit macroremains) and wood constituting the shipwrecks were considered, and the results, partly unpublished, integrated and interpreted. Waterlogged sediments from these port areas turned out to be particularly suited for archaeobotanical analysis and opened new perspectives in ancient harbour studies. This is the first time that a synthesis of archaeobotanical data from Italian archaeological sites of the same typology is attempted for the Roman period. The disparate sampling strategies and available materials for macrofossil analysis in the various sites – cores in Portus , short sediment sequences in Pisae , and single visible hand-collected macroremains in Neapolis – conditioned the results obtained for these remains, making the comparison among sites a particularly difficult task. The urgency of establishing a common protocol between archaeologists and archaeobotanists is thus emphasized. The plant micro- and macrofossils highlight that in Roman times the landscape of the Italian coasts between Pisa and Naples was formed by deciduous oak plain forests (whose relicts are preserved in some protected areas, like in Parco Nazionale del Circeo, south of Rome and along the coast of the Pisan plain, in the Migliarino San Rossore Regional Park) with prevalence of mesophilous elements. The Mediterranean vegetation was not widespread as expected and maquis was limited to small areas by the coast. Surprisingly, mountain elements such as beech and silver fir were not so rare in pre-Roman times, suggesting that these trees could have occupied wider areas than at present. Besides food plant remains typical of the Roman age, the port sediments also preserved seeds, fruits and leaves of the wild vegetation. Comparing the results obtained by palynology with the shipwreck wood study showed that the boats were prevailingly built with local timber, often with conifers. The use of silver fir, though never very frequent, still confirms the preference of shipbuilders for this timber, which was not always available in the close surroundings of the three sites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
7. Plant macroremains at Cueva Salamanca 1 archaeological site, Antofagasta de la Sierra (Catamarca, Argentine). Paleoenvironment and vegetation use during the Holocene
- Author
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Elizabeth Pintar, María Fernanda Rodríguez, and Nancy M. Apóstolo
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Flora ,paleoambiente ,PALEOAMBIENTE ,ARQUEOBOTÁNICA ,Caryophyllaceae ,cazadores-recolectores ,Plant Science ,HOLOCENO ,Grassland ,Archaeobotany, Holocene, hunter-gatherers, paleoenvironment, plant macroremains ,CAZADORES-RECOLECTORES ,purl.org/becyt/ford/1 [https] ,lcsh:Botany ,HOLOCENE ,Poaceae ,ARCHAEOBOTANY ,macrorrestos vegetales ,lcsh:Science ,purl.org/becyt/ford/1.6 [https] ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,Holocene ,geography.geographical_feature_category ,biology ,Arqueobotánica ,Verbenaceae ,PALEOENVIRONMENT ,Fabaceae ,Herbaceous plant ,biology.organism_classification ,Archaeology ,lcsh:QK1-989 ,HUNTER-GATHERERS ,Geography ,MACRORRESTOS VEGETALES ,Arqueobotánica, cazadores-recolectores, Holoceno, macrorrestos vegetales, paleoambiente ,Holoceno ,lcsh:Q ,PLANT MACROREMAINS - Abstract
Introducción y objetivos: El sitio arqueológico Cueva Salamanca 1 (CS1), Antofagasta de la Sierra (Catamarca, Argentina), está relacionado a las asociaciones vegetales pajonal, tolar y vega y fue habitado por grupos cazadores-recolectores (ca. 10.000 - 6.000 años AP). Se estudian los restos vegetales recuperados del sitio CS1, con el fin de determinar las condiciones paleoambientales que se sucedieron durante el Holoceno, las cuales determinaron el uso y la explotación específica de diferentes asociaciones vegetales por parte de grupos humanos que lo habitaban. M&M: Los macrorrestos vegetales recuperados fueron analizados con microscopía y mediante comparaciones morfológicas con las especies de la flora actual circundante al sitio. Resultados: De las 60 especies vegetales que crecen en el ambiente actual relacionado al sitio CS1, 44 % están representadas en los macrorrestos recuperados, tanto herbáceos como leñosos no carbonizados y carbonizados, pertenecientes a las familias Asteraceae, Brassicaceae, Cactaceae, Caryophyllaceae, Chenopodiaceae, Ephedraceae, Fabaceae, Malvaceae, Poaceae, Solanaceae y Verbenaceae. Se observa un mayor uso del tolar, seguido por el pajonal y la vega durante toda la secuencia, considerando las especies que crecen en un radio de 30 km a partir del sitio. Conclusiones: Los grupos humanos que habitaron CS1, durante el Holoceno Medio temprano, Medio tardío y Tardío, han efectuado una ocupación efectiva y conocían e identificaban las distintas especies vegetales para ser explotadas como combustible, confección de tecnofacturas y camadas de descanso. Las adaptaciones morfológicas y anatómicas observadas en las especies halladas reflejan las condiciones del paleoambiente durante el Holoceno Background and aims: The archaeological site Cueva Salamanca 1 (CS1), Antofagasta de la Sierra (Catamarca, Argentina), is related to the grassland, tolar and lowland plant associations and was inhabited by hunter-gatherer groups (ca. 10,000 - 6,000 years BP). The plant remains recovered from the CS1 site are studied in order to determine the palaeoenvironmental conditions that occurred during the Holocene, which determined the use and specific exploitation of different plant associations by human groups that inhabited the site. M&M: The plant macroremains recovered from CS1 were analysed with microscopy and by morphological comparisons with the species of the current flora surrounding the site. Results: Of the 60 plant species that grow in the current environment related to the CS1 archaeological site, 44% are represented in the recovered, both herbaceous and woody charred and non-charred, belonging to the families Asteraceae, Brassicaceae, Cactaceae, Caryophyllaceae, Chenopodiaceae, Ephedraceae, Fabaceae, Malvaceae, Poaceae, Solanaceae and Verbenaceae. A greater use of the tolar is observed, followed by the grassland and the lowland during the whole sequence, considering the species that grow in a radius of 30 km from the site. Conclusions: The human groups that inhabited CS1, during the Holocene Early Middle, Late Middle and Late, have made an effective occupation and knew and identified the different plant species to be exploited as fuel, preparation of manufactures and resting litters. The morphological and anatomical adaptations observed in the species found reflect the conditions of the paleoenvironment during the Holocene Fil: Apóstolo, Nancy Mariel. Universidad Nacional de Luján; Argentina Fil: Rodríguez, María Fernanda. Secretaría de Cultura de la Nación. Dirección Nacional de Cultura y Museos. Instituto Nacional de Antropología y Pensamiento Latinoamericano; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina Fil: Pintar, Elizabeth Lucia. Austin Community College; Estados Unidos
- Published
- 2019
8. Investigação arqueobotânica dos sedimentos arqueológicos de Paço dos Lobos da Gama: um arrabalde islâmico da cidade de Évora (séculos XI-XII)
- Author
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Laura Sadori, Cristiano Vignola, Ginevra Coradeschi, Gonçalo Lopes, Cristina Barrocas Dias, José Rui Santos, and Anne-France Mourer
- Subjects
Arqueobotânica ,Geography ,Dieta alimentar ,al-Āndalus ,Community living ,plant macroremains ,Excavation ,Macrorestos vegetais ,Plant foods ,diet ,Archaeology ,archaeobotany - Abstract
Paco dos Lobos da Gama is a seventeenth-century manor house, built by the Lobos da Gama family. It’s located in the city center of Evora in Rua Serpa Pinto. In 2008 the area was subjected to a rescue archaeological excavation, which continued during the following year. The interventions focused mainly on the backyard behind the property. The area 6 revealed an important set of archaeological remains dated from the 1st to 2nd centuries AD until the end of the Modern times, with special emphasis on the Islamic period. The plants macro remains, which are main subjects of this study, come exclusively from Islamic contexts. The archaeological contexts investigated, except for one unit, belong to negative structures. Among all, the septic tank was particularly rich in mineralized seeds and fruits, mostly belonging to fruit trees/shrubs. This study is intended to characterize the use and consumption of plant foods by the Islamic community living in the area. It also seeks to better understand the structural contexts in which the samples were collected. The aspects related to the exploitation of the wood resources, as well as those of the site, are also discussed. The study is still ongoing, and only some preliminary results are presented here.
- Published
- 2017
9. The use of plants during the Mesolithic and the Neolithic in the Atlantic coast of the Iberian peninsula
- Author
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López López-Dóriga, Inés, Arias Cabal, Pablo, and Universidad de Cantabria
- Subjects
Prehistory ,Arqueobotánica ,Neolithisation ,Prehistoria ,Archaeobotany ,Plant macroremains ,Iberia ,Neolitización ,Carpología - Abstract
In this thesis, plant exploitation activities in Atlantic Iberia during the Early and Middle Holocene have been approached through the study of non-woody plant macroremain assemblages at Mesolithic and Neolithic archaeological sites in the Cantabrian region and Portugal. Little direct information was previously available; this thesis therefore contributes to the enrichment of current knowledge about the Cantabrian region and offers completely unprecedented data for Portugal, critical for the understanding of past human culture and essential for the comprehension of the different Neolithisation processes. The new archaeobotanical data shed light on the dynamics of the exploitation of plant resources, particularly regarding the phenomenon of the transition from wild resource gathering to domestic agriculture. A wide spectrum of wild resources and the earliest crops in Portugal, with an extensive range of cereals and possibly legumes, have been attested. RESUMEN: En este trabajo se ha estudiado la explotación de los recursos vegetales en la costa atlántica ibérica durante el Holoceno Inicial y Medio, a partir del estudio de restos carpológicos de yacimientos arqueológicos mesolíticos y neolíticos de la región Cantábrica y Portugal. La información previa disponible era muy limitada; esta tesis contribuye al enriquecimiento del conocimiento sobre la región Cantábrica y ofrece datos hasta ahora únicos para Portugal, para la comprensión de las culturas del pasado y de los diferentes procesos de neolitización. Los nuevos datos arqueobotánicos arrojan luz sobre las dinámicas de explotación de los recursos vegetales por las sociedades del pasado, y en particular en el marco de la transición de la recolección de recursos silvestres a la agricultura de domésticos. Se ha documentado un amplio espectro de recursos silvestres, y los primeros cultivos de Portugal, formados por diversos cereales y posiblemente leguminosas. Esta tesis se divide en cinco partes; además del índice general, cada parte tiene su propio índice. En la primera parte (Part I: Framework) se revisa el marco general de este trabajo, considerando las cuestiones teóricas, medioambientales, sociales e históricas. En primer lugar, se revisan los conceptos clave y las explicaciones sobre los procesos de domesticación y neolitización. A continuación, se describe el marco físico en que se enmarca el problema histórico estudiado, así como sus características socioeconómicas, particularmente al respecto de la explotación de recursos vegetales. Después, presenta el estado de la cuestión por región y método. A continuación, se plantean los objetivos a las que se enfrenta el autor en este trabajo y finalmente, se presentan los contextos estudiados ordenados por región y cronología. Los restos materiales estudiados en este trabajo son un tipo de restos de plantas conocidos como carporrestos (frutos y semillas), con un potencial y unas limitaciones que se debaten de forma extensa en el capítulo metodológico sobre arqueobotánica (Part II: Methods), junto con otros métodos utilizados para la elaboración del estado de la cuestión. Los resultados del estudio material se presentan en la tercera parte: la primera sección (Part III A: Results: the identified taxa) presenta la descripción de las características de los taxones identificados en todos los sitios estudiados; la segunda parte (Part III B: Results: the studied contexts) incluye la presentación detallada de los conjuntos carpológicos contexto por contexto. En la cuarta parte (Part IV: Discussion and conclusions), se ponen en relación los datos obtenidos aquí con los datos disponibles hasta el momento de realización de este trabajo y se discute su contribución a completar el estado del conocimiento para los periodos y regiones estudiadas. Finalmente, se presentan las conclusiones. Finalmente (Appendixes and references), se cita la lista de referencias utilizadas durante el desarrollo de este trabajo, junto con los programas informáticos utilizados y las fuentes de material vegetal donado por distintas instituciones, que han sido cruciales en la creación de la nueva colección. La mayor parte de esta tesis (2009-2013) ha sido desarollada gracias a la concesión de una becacontrato por la Universidad de Cantabria. Esta tesis se enmarca en los siguientes proyectos de investigación financiados por el Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad: • Coordinado “La implantación de las especies domésticas en la Europa atlántica” (DOMATLAN) (HAR2008-06477-C03-00/HIST) (I.P.: Pablo Arias), subproyecto 1: “La implantación de las especies domésticas en la Europa atlántica: Cronología e impacto en la dieta humana” (DOMATLANTICA) (HAR2008-06477-C03-01/HIST; • “Coastal transitions: A comparative approach to the processes of neolithisation in Atlantic Europe ” (COASTTRAN) (HAR2011-29907-C03-01/HIST) (I.P.: Pablo Arias), subproyecto 1: “From shell middens to crop fields: The transition to the Neolithic in the coastal regions of SW Europe”; • “Coastal societies in a changing world: A diachronic and comparative approach to the Prehistory of SW Europe from the late Palaeolithic to the Neolithic" (COCHANGE) (HAR2014-51830-P) (I.P.: Pablo Arias).
- Published
- 2016
10. Archaeobotany in Italian ancient Roman harbours
- Author
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Cristina Bellini, Laura Sadori, Marta Mariotti Lippi, Elda Russo Ermolli, Giulia Boetto, C. Pepe, Marco Giardini, Andrea Bertacchi, Alessia Masi, Gaetano Di Pasquale, Gianna Giachi, Emilia Allevato, Dipartimento di biologia ambientale, Università degli Studi di Roma 'La Sapienza' = Sapienza University [Rome], Università degli studi di Napoli Federico II, Università degli Studi di Firenze = University of Florence [Firenze] (UNIFI), University of Pisa - Università di Pisa, Centre Camille Jullian - Histoire et archéologie de la Méditerranée et de l'Afrique du Nord de la protohistoire à la fin de l'Antiquité (CCJ), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Soprintendenza per i Beni Archeologici della Toscana, Sadori, Laura, Allevato, Emilia, Bellini, Cristina, Bertacchi, Andrea, Boetto, Giulia, DI PASQUALE, Gaetano, Giachi, Gianna, Giardini, Marco, Masi, Alessia, Pepe, Caterina, RUSSO ERMOLLI, Elda, Mariotti Lippi, Marta, Università degli Studi di Roma 'La Sapienza' = Sapienza University [Rome] (UNIROMA), University of Naples Federico II = Università degli studi di Napoli Federico II, and Università degli Studi di Firenze = University of Florence (UniFI)
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Macrorestes végétaux ,[SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory ,Archéo-botanique ,Central Mediterranean ,Bois ,Port ,Epave ,Paleoethnobotany ,Méditerranée centrale ,Plant macroremain ,Beech ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,Italian Roman harbours ,computer.programming_language ,Palynology ,Italie ,biology ,Ecology ,Archaeobotany, Italian Roman harbours, Central Mediterranean, Pollen, Plant macroremains, Wood shipwrecks ,archaeobotany ,pollen ,plant macroremains ,wood shipwreck ,Paleontology ,Macrofossil ,Vegetation ,15. Life on land ,biology.organism_classification ,Archaeology ,Deciduous ,Geography ,Harbour ,Period (geology) ,Pollen ,Archaeobotany ,Plant macroremains ,Wood shipwrecks ,computer ,Italian Roman harbour - Abstract
International audience; The present study is a review of the archaeobotanical analyses carried out in the last decade at the three ancient Roman port/dock system sites of Pisae, Portus, and Neapolis. Pollen, plant macrofossils (leaf, wood, seed/fruit macroremains) and wood constituting the shipwrecks were considered, and the results, partly unpublished, integrated and interpreted. Waterlogged sediments from these port areas turned out to be particularly suited for archaeobotanical analysis and opened new perspectives in ancient harbour studies. This is the first time that a synthesis of archaeobotanical data from Italian archaeological sites of the same typology is attempted for the Roman period. The disparate sampling strategies and available materials for macrofossil analysis in the various sites – cores in Portus, short sediment sequences in Pisae, and single visible hand-collected macroremains in Neapolis – conditioned the results obtained for these remains, making the comparison among sites a particularly difficult task. The urgency of establishing a common protocol between archaeologists and archaeobotanists is thus emphasized. The plant micro-and macrofossils highlight that in Roman times the landscape of the Italian coasts between Pisa and Naples was formed by deciduous oak plain forests (whose relicts are preserved in some protected areas, like in Parco Nazionale del Circeo, south of Rome and along the coast of the Pisan plain, in the Migliarino San Rossore Regional Park) with prevalence of mesophilous elements. The Mediterranean vegetation was not widespread as expected and maquis was limited to small areas by the coast. Surprisingly, mountain elements such as beech and silver fir were not so rare in pre-Roman times, suggesting that these trees could have occupied wider areas than at present. Besides food plant remains typical of the Roman age, the port sediments also preserved seeds, fruits and leaves of the wild vegetation. Comparing the results obtained by palynology with the shipwreck wood study showed that the boats were prevailingly built with local timber, often with conifers. The use of silver fir, though never very frequent, still confirms the preference of shipbuilders for this timber, which was not always available in the close surroundings of the three sites.
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
11. Risultati dei macroresti vegetali provenienti dalla domus de janas IV della necropoli di S'Elighe Entosu (Usini, Sassari)
- Author
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Celant, Alessandra
- Subjects
burial practices ,palaeoenvironmental reconstruction ,plant macroremains ,usini ,archaeobotany - Published
- 2010
12. Carbon isotope composition of archaeobotanical remains for the palaeoclimatic reconstruction
- Author
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Masi, A., Baneschi, I., Laura Sadori, and Zanchetta, G.
- Subjects
carbon stable isotopes ,climate change ,plant macroremains ,isotopes ,archaeological site ,Archaeobotany - Abstract
A long-lived Anatolian archaeological site (Arslantepe, Malatya plain) was investigated under a palaeoclimate perspective. Identified plant charred macroremains underwent an isotopic analysis to determine carbon isotope composition. The results obtained are used to assess the degree of climate changes in the site and its surroundings.
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