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Berinda cypria Chatzaki & Panayiotou n. sp. Figs 13 –14, 17, 20–21 Etymology. The species name is derived from the island in which the type locality is situated. Types: CYPRUS: Lemesos, Kourio: 1 3 holotype, 6 33 1 Ƥ paratypes (15.III. 2006 to 27.V. 2007) [leg. Kaltsas, NHMC]. Further material examined. CYPRUS: Lemesos, Kourio: 3 33 1 Ƥ (13.V. 2006 to 09.VII. 2006); 1 Ƥ (15.III. 2008 to 17.V. 2008) [leg. Kaltsas, NHMC]. Diagnosis: B. cypria is very similar to B. ensigera and B. hakani in somatic and genital characters. It may be easily separated from them by the presence of two tibial apophyses on the male palp. Females differ from B. ensigera in the shape of lateral margins and the formation of lateral pouches situated at their middle and from both B. ensigera and B. hakani in the shape of scape being more elongated. Description. Measurements 3 (Ƥ), n = 6 (1): TL: 5.7–7.4 (6.2), PL: 1.9–3.2 (2.8), PW: 1.9–2.4 (1.9), OL: 2.9–3.5 (3.2), PL/PW: 0.95–1.52 (1.47). 3 Ƥ: Red-brown spiders. Maxillae as in Zelotes. Labium longer than wide. Chelicerae with 2 anterior and 4 posterior teeth and with lateral condyles. Brush of thick hair present on inner posterior side of chelicerae. Eyes round except for oblique PME. Anterior row of eyes slightly recurved, posterior one slightly procurved. Opisthosoma grey, in 3 with scutum, covered with thick fringe of bristles. Spinnerets long and cylindrical, anterior ones longer, thicker than posteriors. Legs: All Ta with scopulae, Me III–IV with apical preening comb, as in Zelotes. Spination: Fe: I -; 3 II -; Ƥ II d 2; 3 III d 6–8; Ƥ III d 7; 3 IV d 5–6; Ƥ IV d 6. Pa: I–II, IV -; III p 1 r 1. Ti: I -; 3 II v 3–4; Ƥ II -; Ti: I -; 3 II v 3–4; Ƥ II -; III–IV spinose. Me: I v 1; 3 II v 3–4; Ƥ II v 2; III–IV spinose. 3 Pedipalp (Figs 13 –14, 17): Fe with 2 spines, Pa short, without apophysis. Two tibial apophyses: one dorsal, laterally directed, straight, with crested end (Figs 14, 17), and one retrolateral, straight with hinge on its end (Fig. 14). Cymbium oval with retrolateral furrow, its retrolateral proximal angle slightly extended (Fig. 14). Second furrow behind tibial apophysis also present (Fig. 17). Subtegulum with triangular projection at its proximal end (Fig. 13). Tegulum robust, ventrally membranous, with distinct conductor. Embolus long, filiform, rising from proximal base of tegulum. Conductor with three elements, as in B. ensigera: membranous anterior sac (a), sickle-shaped guiding structure (b), leading to sclerotized posterior hook (c). Epigyne (Fig. 20): with long, extended anterior scape as in B. ensigera, but longer, more slender. Lateral margins almost parallel, widening posteriorly, forming lateral pouches which may provide anchoring place for palpal hook. Copulatory orifices open at upper part of spermathecal length. Vulva (Fig. 21): Introductory ducts with glandular heads, forming one coil before leading to oval spermathecae. Distribution. CYPRUS.

Berinda Roewer, 1928 Species belonging to the genus Berinda show a puzzling combination of characters. For example, the epigyne of B. ensigera pocesses a large anterior hood, resembling, for instance, that found in many Gnaphosa Latreille, 1804 species. The epigyna of B. amabilis and of B. aegilia are very similar to each other, sharing a small anterior conical hood and similar introductory ducts and spermathecae, but do not particularly resemble the epigyna of B. ensigera and the two newly described species of the genus. Similarly, males of all five species share long filiform embolous, a strong conductor of various shapes and distinctive tibial apophyses, which are characteristic to each species. On the other hand, the preening combs on Me III & IV, the shape of maxillae, labium and spinnerets are characters common to all Berinda species clearly putting them in the group of zelotine species. Diagnosis. Yellow to red-brown spiders of medium size (total length of 3 5.3���7.8 mm and of �� 5.7���10.2 mm). Prosoma oval widening at thoracic part. Maxillae as in Zelotes, wider at basal half and abruptly narrowing at distal half. Labium longer than wide. Chelicerae with 2 anterior and 3���4 posterior teeth and with lateral condyles. Eyes round except for oblique PME. Anterior row of eyes recurved, posterior one slightly procurved or straight. Opisthosoma light brown, in 3 with relatively large brown scutum, covered with thick fringe of bristles. Spinnerets long, cylindrical, anterior ones longer than posteriors. Leg setation variable except for following: All Ta with scopulae; Me III���IV with apical preening comb, as in Zelotes; Me and Ti III���IV spinose; Pa I, II, IV without any spines, III with 1 pro- and 1 retrolateral spine., Published as part of Panayiotou, Eleni, Kaltsas, Dimitris, Seyyar, Osman & Chatzaki, Maria, 2010, Revision of the genus Berinda (Araneae, Gnaphosidae) in the East Mediterranean with the description of two new species, pp. 44-54 in Zootaxa 2362 on page 45, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.275752, {"references":["Roewer, C. F. (1928) Araneae. In: Zoologische Streifzuge in Attika, Morea, und besonders auf der Insel Kreta, XI. Abhandlungen vom naturwissenschaftlichen Verein zu Bremen, 27, 92 - 123."]}

Berinda hakani Chatzaki & Seyyar n. sp. Figs 15 ���16, 18���19, 22��� 23 Etymology. This species is dedicated to the Turkish arachnologist Dr. Hakan Demir, Gazi University, Turkey. Types: TURKEY: Kayseri Province, Hisarcık, Lifos Mountain 38 �� 35.960 ' N, 35 �� 30.962 ' E, 1800: 1 3 holotype, 1 �� paratype (16.V. 2007) [leg. Musa Kar, NUAM]. Further material examined. TURKEY: Kayseri Province, Develi district (in the direction to Erciyes Mountain), 38 �� 20.090 ' N, 35 �� 38.074 ' E, 1330 m: 2 33 2 ���� (25.VI. 2008) [leg. Osman Seyyar, NUAM]; Kayseri Province, Pınarbaşi, the southern slopes of Şirvan Mountain, 38 �� 42.949 ' N, 36 �� 24.013 ' E, 1700 m: 1 3 (07.VI. 2006) [leg. Fuat Bozok, NUAM]; Kayseri, Hisarcık, Sakar vineyard, 38 �� 37.422 ' N, 35 �� 30.401 ' E, 1520 m: 1 3 2 ���� (20.V. 2008) [leg. Burak ��zberk, NUAM]. Diagnosis: As noted before the three species, B. ensigera, B. cypria and B. hakani are very similar in all characters of the genital organs apart from the number and shape of the tibial apophyses. Females are almost indistinguishable, except for the shape of lateral margins and their anchoring openings and the size and shape of the scape. Description. Measurements 3 (��), n = 4 (5): TL: 7.0��� 7.8 (7.2���10.2), PL: 3.2���3.5 (3.7���5.2), PW: 2.8���3.1 (2.7���3.8), OL: 3.5 ���4.0 (3.7���5.2), PL/PW: 1.12���1.14 (1.36���1.37). 3 ��: Habitus (color, size, mouth parts, shape of eyes, scutum present in male opisthosoma, spinnerets) as in Berinda cypria. The only difference lies in the dentition of chelicerae: 2 anterior and 3���5 posterior teeth and with lateral condyles. Legs: All Ta with scopulae, Me III���IV with apical preening comb, as in Zelotes. Spination: Fe: I d 3; II d 3; 3 III d 7; �� III -; 3 IV d 6; �� IV d 5. Pa: I���II, IV -; III p 1 r 1. Ti: I -; 3 II v 4; �� II -; Ti: 3 I v 1; II v 5; �� I���II -; III���IV spinose. Me: I v 1; 3 II v 3���4; �� II v 2; III���IV spinose. 3 Pedipalp (Figs 15 ���16, 18��� 19): Fe with 3 dorsal spines, Pa short (as long as tibia), with very small conical dorsal tip (almost like an apophysis). One retrolateral tibial apophysis, long, wide, straight, with bifid end: one long, filiform and more basal one with truncate end (Figs 16, 18��� 19). Shape of cymbium, tegulum, subtegulum and conductor as in B. cypria with all three elements (a, b, c) present (Figs 15���16). Epigyne and vulva (Figs 22���23): Shape of both epigyne and vulva as in B. cypria. The two species may be distinguished only by the relative position and shape of the anterior scape and its general appearance which, on the other hand may be a consequence of the degree of extension at the time of alcohol fixation. Differences in the spermathecal configuration must be attributed to the difficulty in revealing the coiling of ducts due to the overlap of structures. Distribution. TURKEY: Kayseri Province., Published as part of Panayiotou, Eleni, Kaltsas, Dimitris, Seyyar, Osman & Chatzaki, Maria, 2010, Revision of the genus Berinda (Araneae, Gnaphosidae) in the East Mediterranean with the description of two new species, pp. 44-54 in Zootaxa 2362 on page 52, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.275752

Berinda aegilia Chatzaki, 2002 Figs 1 ���2, 5��� 6 Diagnosis: The general appearance of the genital organs of this species is close to that of B. amabilis, although details in the structures of the pedipalp also resemble that of B. ensigera. Distinct characters for B. aegilia are the following: male palp, cymbium without proximal retrolateral extension (found in B. amabilis and to a lesser extent in other Berinda species), with a hairless, slightly excavated retrolateral edge (Fig. 1); no apophysis on the patella, apophysis on tibia relatively small, with a curved tip, set well apart from the cymbium, conductor of distinct shape (Figs. 1���2) originating from a membranous anterior bladder (a) and projecting ventrally into a strongly sclerotized claw (b); epigyne similar to that of B. amabilis, but with broader, rectangular anterior hood (Fig. 5), spermathecae oval with coiled glandular heads (Fig. 6). Description: See Chatzaki et al. (2002 b) New records: GREECE: Peloponnisos: Taygetos Mt, 600 m, phrygana: 1 3 (15.III. 1997 to 06.VII. 1997) [leg. Anastasiou, ZMUA]. Comments. This is the first time that the species is recorded from mainland Greece. Presumably its distribution may expand at least to the rest of Peloponnisos and Kythira (the island between Antikythira and Peloponnisos) when further material becomes available. Distribution. GREECE: Antikythira Isl., Peloponnisos., Published as part of Panayiotou, Eleni, Kaltsas, Dimitris, Seyyar, Osman & Chatzaki, Maria, 2010, Revision of the genus Berinda (Araneae, Gnaphosidae) in the East Mediterranean with the description of two new species, pp. 44-54 in Zootaxa 2362 on page 47, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.275752, {"references":["Chatzaki, M., Thaler, K. & Mylonas, M. (2002 b) Ground spiders (Gnaphosidae; Araneidae) of Kriti and adjacent areas of Greece. Tanonomy and distribution. II. Revue suisse de Zoologie, 109, 603 - 633."]}

Berinda amabilis Roewer, 1928 Figs 3 ���4, 7��� 8 Berinda amabilis Roewer, 1928 (p. 106, Figs 11���13), CRETE: Chania: Akrotiri, Governeto monastery (type locality, not reexamined). Talanites aculeatus Charitonov, 1946: p. 26, fig. 43, UZBEKISTAN: Yakkabagh (type locality, not examined). Diagnosis: The species resembles B. aegilia. Males are easily recognized by the fingerlike retrolateral apophysis of the patella (unique within Berinda) and the slender retrolateral apophysis of the tibia of the pedipalp (Fig. 4). A distinct conductor (Fig. 3) ending as an S-shaped sclerotized band (possibly the posterior hook in other Berinda species, like B. ensigera) is also a distinctive character of males. Females are recognized by the anterior lateral margins widely curved at sides, and the small (compared to B. aegilia) conical hood at midline (Fig. 7). Spermathecae are globular with lateral introductory ducts (Fig. 8). Description: See Chatzaki et al. (2002 a) (re-description). Distribution. GREECE: Crete, Gavdos; UZBEKISTAN; TURKEY: Niğde. Berinda ensigera (O.P.-Cambridge, 1874) 1 Figs 9 ���10, 11��� 12 Drassodes ensiger (O.P.-Cambridge, 1874), p. 389, Fig. 14, TURKEY, SMYRNE (male holotype and female paratype, not examined); Karol (1967). Drassodes reimoseri Bristowe, 1935 (p. 779, Figs 4���6), RODOS (type locality, description of female); Hadjissarantos (1940, p. 77, Fig. 22, description of male), ATTIKI: Parnitha, Agia Triada; Rafina; Nea Philadelphia; Salamina, Selinia; Podoniftis; Pikermi; Pendeli-Monastiri; Hymittos-Kareas; Toyrkolimano; Psychiko (not reexamined). Haplodrassus grazianoi Caporiacco, 1948 (p. 59, Fig. 10), RODOS (type locality, not examined) Syn.N. Diagnosis: Males can be recognized by the tibial apophysis which is straight and very long, almost as long as the cymbium (Fig. 9). The conductor is strongly developed, with three elements: a membranous anterior sac 1. This species is listed in Platnick���s catalogue (2009) as Berinda ensiger. However because Berinda is a female noun, we persist in our proposition of changing the corresponding adjective to ��� ensigera ��� (Chatzaki et al. 2002 a). (a), a sickle-shaped guiding structure (b) leading to a sclerotized posterior hook (c) (Figs 9���10). All three elements are interconnected. This configuration is shared among three species: B. ensigera, B. cypria and B. hakani (see below) and is almost indistinguishable. In females there is a scape (Sc) (Fig. 11) with an anterior hood as in Gnaphosa. Lateral margins are parallel and open at posterior part, leading to the copulatory orifices. New records: GREECE: NE Attiki: Marathonas, Ag. Marina: 9 33 2 ���� (30.IV. 2006 to 01.VII. 2006); 3 ���� (01.VII. 2006 to 28.VIII. 2006); 3 33 4 ���� (04.V. 2006 to 30.VI. VII) [all leg. Kaltsas, NHMC]; Peloponnisos: Mainalo Mt, 1600 m: 2 ���� (09.VII. 1997 to 12.X. 1997) [leg. Anastasiou, ZMUA]; Aegean Islands: Samos: Psili Ammos: 13 33 9 ���� (02.V. 2006 to 06.VII. 2006); 5 ���� (06.VII. 2006 to 30.VIII. 2006); 3 33 (06.III. 2007 to 05.V. 2007); 10 33 6 ���� (05.V. 2007 to 01.VII. 2007) [all leg. Kaltsas, NHMC]; Rodos: Lindos, phrygana: 3 ���� (13.V. 2006 to 09.VII. 2006); Epta Piges, bank of a small river: 1 3 1 �� (14.V. 2006 to 10.VII. 2006); Afandoy-Psinthos, phrygana: 8 33 3 ���� (14.V. 2006 to 10.VII. 2006); Lardos-Laerma, pine forest, 200 m: 3 33 3 ���� (13.V. 2006 to 09.VII. 2006); Prasonisi (coast of Rodos), phrygana: 7 33 5 ���� (13.V. 2006 to 09.VII. 2006); Prasonisi (islet): 1 �� (13.V. 2006 to 09.VII. 2006); Attaviros Mt., 1000 m: 1 �� (12.V. 2006 to 08.VII. 2006) [all leg. Chatzaki & Kaltsas, NHMC]; Leros: Blefouti: 1 �� (23.VII. 1997) [leg. M. Engvall, NHMC]; TURKEY: Smyrne: 3 33 2 ���� (MNHN 5-1912). Comments: Both sexes of B. ensigera share very similar structures with B. cypria and B. hakani. However males are easily distinguished by the tibial apophysis, distinct in all three species (compare Figs 10, 14, 16). In females the distinction is more difficult: the shape of the lateral margins is one distinctive character (compare Figs 11, 20, 22) and the length and shape of the scape is another. However the latter may differ among individuals depending on the extension of the organ at the moment of the animal���s death. The new synonymy here proposed is based on the description of a female as Haplodrassus grazianoi by Caporiacco (1948: 59, Fig. 10). The illustration presented by Caporiacco clearly represents one of the three Berinda species (B. ensigera, B. cypria or B. hakani -see below and Figs 11���12 and 20���23). The shape of the scape mostly resembles B. ensigera, although the shadows at the lateral margins (also in combination to the shape of the scape) would suggest B. hakani. However since B. ensigera was found by the authors multiple times on the island of Rodos, which is the type locality of H. grazianoi, it may be safely concluded that the latter corresponds to B. ensigera. Distribution. GREECE: Attiki, Peloponnisos, Aegean Islands: Crete, Rodos, Samos, Leros, Poros, Salamina; TURKEY: Smyrne., Published as part of Panayiotou, Eleni, Kaltsas, Dimitris, Seyyar, Osman & Chatzaki, Maria, 2010, Revision of the genus Berinda (Araneae, Gnaphosidae) in the East Mediterranean with the description of two new species, pp. 44-54 in Zootaxa 2362 on pages 47-50, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.275752, {"references":["Roewer, C. F. (1928) Araneae. In: Zoologische Streifzuge in Attika, Morea, und besonders auf der Insel Kreta, XI. Abhandlungen vom naturwissenschaftlichen Verein zu Bremen, 27, 92 - 123.","Chatzaki, M., Thaler, K. & Mylonas, M. (2002 a) Ground spiders (Gnaphosidae; Araneidae) of Kriti (Greece). Tanonomy and distribution. I. Revue suisse de Zoologie, 109, 559 - 601.","Karol, S. (1967) Turkish spiders. I. A preliminary list. Com. de la Faculte des sciences de l' Universite de Ankara, 109 (7), 1 - 34.","Hadjissarantos, H. (1940) The spiders of Attiki. Thesis, University of Athens, Athens, 132 pp (in Greek)."]}

Bu tez çalışmasında 1 (bir) adet uluslar arası makale üretilmiştir. Bu üretilen çalışma aşağıda sunulmuştur. Seyyar, O., Oba, A., Demir, H. & Türkeş, T. (2016). “Arabelia Bosselaers, 2009 and Arabelia pheidoleicomes Bosselaers, 2009 (Araneae: Liocranidae) are new records for the Turkish spider fauna”, Serket vol. 15(1), 30-32, 2016, Afyonkarahisar ilinden, 2015 yılının Nisan ayından başlayarak 2016 yılının Ekim ayına kadar iki yıl süre ile toplanan örümcek örnekleri sistematik bakımından değerlendirilmiştir. Bu değerlendirme sonucunda Araneae takımına ait 25 familya içerisinde yer alan 89 cinse ait 118 tür tespit edilmiştir. Tespit edilen türler içerisinde Gnaphosidae familyasına ait Setaphis parvula (Lucas, 1846) ve Liocranidae familyasına ait Arabelia pheidoleicomes Bosselaers, 2009 türleri Türkiye örümcek faunası için yeni kayıt olarak belirlenmiştir. Örnekler araziden aspiratör, atrap ve çukur tuzak kullanılarak toplanmıştır. Toplanan örümceklerin sinonimleri, lokaliteleri ve dünya yayılışları verilmiştir. Türkiye faunası için yeni kayıt olarak tespit edilen türlerin fotoğraflama işlemleri yapılmıştır. Örnekler etiketlenerek müze materyali olarak Ömer Halisdemir Üniversitesi Araknoloji Müzesi’nde muhafaza altına alınmıştır., Spiders collected from Afyonkarahisar province during two years, beginning from April 2015 to October 2016 were evaluated from systematic point of view. Totally 118 species belonging to 89 genera in 25 families determined. Of these, Setaphis parvula ( Lucas, 1846) from Gnaphosidae and Arabelia pheidoleicomes Bosselaers, 2009 from Liocranidae are new records for the Turkish spider fauna. All specimens were collected from field by using aspirator, sweep net and pitfall traps. Synonyms, localities and world distributions of all species were given. The species of the new records for the Turkish spider fauna were photographed. The specimens which were labelled and preserved as museum materials in Arachnology Museum of Ömer Halisdemir University. …, ÖZET ............................................................................................................................. iv SUMMARY .................................................................................................................... v ÖN SÖZ ......................................................................................................................... vi İÇİNDEKİLER DİZİNİ…………………………………………………...………….vii ÇİZELGE DİZİNİ ....................................................................................................... xvii ŞEKİLLER DİZİNİ ................................................................................................... xviii SİMGE VE KISALTMALAR ..................................................................................... xix BÖLÜM I GİRİŞ ............................................................................................................ 1 1.1Örümceklerin Genel Özellikleri ................................................................................. 2 1.1.1.Arachnida sınıfının genel özellikleri…...……………………………………...3 BÖLÜM II MATERYAL VE YÖNTEM ....................................................................... 6 2.1 Çalışma Alanı ile İlgili Genel Bilgiler ...................................................................... 6 2.2 Afyonkarahisar İlinin İklimsel Özellikleri ................................................................ 6 2.3 Örümcek Örneklerinin Araziden Toplanması ........................................................... 7 2.4 Örümcek Örneklerinin İncelenmesi, Preparasyonu ve Saklanması .......................... 8 2.5 Örümcek Örneklerinin Toplandığı Lokaliteler ......................................................... 9 BÖLÜM III BULGULAR ............................................................................................ 14 3.1 AGELENIDAE ....................................................................................................... 14 3.1.1 Agelena Walckenaer, 1805 ........................................................................... 14 3.1.1.1 Agelena labyrinthica (Clerck, 1757) ................................................ 14 3.1.1.2 Agelena orientalis C.L.Koch, 1837 .................................................. 14 3.1.2 Agelescape Levy, 1996 ................................................................................. 15 3.1.2.1 Agelescape gideoni Levy, 1996 ....................................................... 15 3.1.3 Maimuna Lehtinen,1967 ............................................................................... 15 3.1.3.1 Maimuna vestita (C.L.Koch,1841) ................................................... 15 viii 3.1.4 Tegeneria Latreille, 1804 .............................................................................. 16 3.1.4.1 Tegeneria argaeica Nosek, 1905 ..................................................... 16 3.2 ARANEIDAE ......................................................................................................... 16 3.2.1 Aculepeira (Chamberlin & Ivie, 1942) ......................................................... 16 3.2.1.1 Aculepeira armida (Savigny, 1825) ................................................. 16 3.2.1.2 Aculepeira ceropegia (Walckenaer,1802) ........................................ 17 3.2.2 Araniella (Chamberlin & Ivie, 1942) ........................................................... 17 3.2.2.1 Araniella cucurbitina (Clerck, 1757) ............................................... 17 3.2.3 Argiope (Audouin, 1826) .............................................................................. 18 3.2.3.1 Argiope lobata (Pallas, 1772)........................................................... 18 3.2.4 Gibberanea Archer, 1951 ............................................................................. 19 3.2.4.1 Gibberanea bituberculata (Walckenaer,1802) ................................ 19 3.2.5 Larinioides (Caporiacco, 1934) .................................................................... 20 3.2.5.1 Larinioides cornutus (Clerck, 1757) ................................................ 20 3.2.6 Mangora O. P.-Cambridge, 1889 ................................................................. 21 3.2.6.1 Mangora acalypha (Walckenaer, 1802) ........................................... 21 3.2.7 Neoscona Simon, 1864 ................................................................................. 22 3.2.7.1 Neoscona adianta (Walckenaer, 1802) ............................................ 22 3.3 DYSDERIDAE ....................................................................................................... 23 3.3.1 Dysdera Latreille,1804 ................................................................................. 23 3.3.1.1 Dysdera crocata C.L.Koch, 1838 .................................................... 23 3.4 EUTICHURIDAE ................................................................................................... 24 3.4.1 Cheiracanthium C. L. Koch, 1839................................................................ 24 3.4.1.1 Cheiracanthium erraticum (Walckkenaer, 1802) ............................ 24 3.4.1.2 Cheiracanthium pennyi O. P.-Cambridge, 1873 .............................. 24 3.5 GNAPHOSIDAE .................................................................................................... 25 3.5.1 Anagraphis Simon 1893 ............................................................................... 25 ix 3.5.1.1.Anapgraphis pallens Simon 1893 .................................................... 25 3.5.2 Callilepis (Westring, 1874) .......................................................................... 26 3.5.2.1 Callilepis nocturna (Linnaeus, 1758) ............................................... 26 3.5.3 Cesonia Simon 1893 ..................................................................................... 26 3.5.3.1 Cesonia aspida Chatzaki, 2002 ........................................................ 26 3.5.4 Civizelotes Senglet, 2012 .............................................................................. 27 3.5.4.1 Civizelotes caucasius (L.Koch, 1866) .............................................. 27 3.5.5 Drassodes Westring, 1851 ............................................................................ 27 3.5.5.1 Drassodes lacertosus (O. P.-Cambridge, 1872) ............................... 27 3.5.5.2 Drassodes lapidosus (Walckenaer, 1802) ........................................ 28 3.5.6 Ganphosa Latreille 1804 .............................................................................. 29 3.5.6.1 Gnaphosa dolosa Herman, 1879 ...................................................... 29 3.5.6.2 Gnaphosa opaca Herman, 1879 ....................................................... 29 3.5.7 Haplodrassus Chamberlin.1922 ................................................................... 30 3.5.7.1 Haplodrassus invalidus (O.P.-Cambridge, 1872) ............................ 30 3.5.7.2 Haplodrassus morosus (O. P.-Cambridge, 1872) ............................ 30 3.5.7.3 Haplodrassus signifer (C.L.Koch, 1839) ......................................... 30 3.5.8 Micaria Westring, 1851 ................................................................................ 32 3.5.8.1 Micaria coarctata (Lucas, 1846) ..................................................... 32 3.5.9 Nomisia Dalmas 1921 ................................................................................... 32 3.5.9.1 Nomisia aussereri (L.Koch, 1872) ................................................... 32 3.5.9.2 Nomisia conigera (Spassky, 1941) ................................................... 33 3.5.9.3 Nomisia exornata (C.L.Koch, 1839) ................................................ 33 3.5.9.4 Nomisia ripariensis (O.P.-Cambridge, 1872) .................................. 34 3.5.10 Phaeocedus Simon 1893 ............................................................................. 34 3.5.10.1 Phaeocedus braccatus (L.Koch, 1866) ........................................ 34 3.5.11 Pterotricha Kulczyn'ski, 1903 .................................................................... 35 x 3.5.11.1 Pterotricha kochi (O.P.-Cambridge, 1872) .................................. 35 3.5.12 Setaphis Simon, 1893 ................................................................................. 35 3.5.12.1 Setaphis parvula (Lucas, 1846) ................................................... 35 3.5.13 Trachyzelotes Lohmander, 1944 ................................................................. 36 3.5.13.1 Trachyzelotes malkini Platnick & Murphy, 1984 ........................ 36 3.5.14 Zelotes Gistel, 1848 .................................................................................... 36 3.5.14.1 Zelotes cingarus (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1874) ......................... 36 3.5.14.2 Zelotes longipes (L.Koch, 1866) .................................................. 37 3.5.14.3 Zelotes metellus Roewer,1928 ..................................................... 37 3.5.14.4 Zelotes subterraneus (C.L.Koch, 1833) ....................................... 37 3.6 LIOCRANIDAE ..................................................................................................... 38 3.6.1 Arabelia Bosselears, 2009 ............................................................................ 38 3.6.1.1 Arabelia pheidoleicomes Bosselaers, 2009 ...................................... 38 3.6.2 Mesiotelus Simon, 1897................................................................................ 39 3.6.2.1 Mesiotelus scopensis Drensky, 1935 ................................................ 39 3.7 LINYPHIIDAE ....................................................................................................... 39 3.7.1 Frontinellina Van Helsdingen, 1969 ............................................................ 39 3.7.1.1 Frontinellina frutetorum (C.L.Koch, 1834) ..................................... 39 3.7.2 Lepthyphantes Menge, 1866 ......................................................................... 40 3.7.2.1 Lepthyphantes leprosus (Ohlert, 1865) ............................................ 40 3.7.3 Lnyphia Latreille, 1804 ................................................................................. 40 3.7.3.1 Linyphia triangularis (Clerck, 1757) .............................................. 41 3.7.4 Megalepthyphantes Wunderlich, 1994 ......................................................... 41 3.7.4.1 Megalepthyphantes nebulosus (Sundevall, 1830) ............................ 41 3.7.5 Neriene Blackwall, 1833 .............................................................................. 42 3.7.5.1 Neriene peltata (Wider, 1834) ......................................................... 42 3.8 LYCOSIDAE .......................................................................................................... 43 xi 3.8.1 Alopecosa Simon, 1885 ................................................................................ 43 3.8.1.1 Alopecosa accentuata (Latreille, 1817) ........................................... 43 3.8.1.2 Alopecosa pulverulenta (Clerck, 1757) ........................................... 43 3.8.2 Arctosa C. L. Koch, 1847 ............................................................................. 44 3.8.2.1 Arctosa cinerea (Fabricius, 1777) .................................................... 44 3.8.3 Hogna Simon, 1885 ...................................................................................... 45 3.8.3.1 Hogna radiata (Latreille, 1817) ....................................................... 45 3.8.4 Pardosa C. L. Koch, 1847 ............................................................................ 45 3.8.4.1 Pardosa agrestis (Westring, 1861) ................................................. 46 3.8.4.2 Pardosa monticola (Clerck, 1757) ................................................... 46 3.8.4.3 Pardosa proxima (C.L.Koch, 1847) ................................................. 47 3.8.5 Wadicosa Zyuzin, 1985 ................................................................................ 47 3.8.5.1 Wadicosa fidelis (O. P.-Cambridge,1895) ....................................... 47 3.9 MITURGIDAE ....................................................................................................... 48 3.9.1 Zora C. L. Koch, 1847 .................................................................................. 48 3.9.1.1 Zora spinnimana (Sundevall, 1833) ................................................. 48 3.10 OECOBIDAE ....................................................................................................... 49 3.10.1 Oecobius Lucas, 1846 .............................................................................. 49 3.10.1.1 Oecobius rhodiensis Kritscher 1966 ......................................... 49 3.10.2 Uroctea Dufour, 1820 .............................................................................. 49 3.10.2.1 Uroctea durandi (Latreille, 1809) ............................................. 49 3.11 OXYOPIDAE ....................................................................................................... 50 3.11.1 Oxyopes Latreille, 1804 ............................................................................ 50 3.11.1.1 Oxyopes heteropthalmus (Latreille,1804) ................................. 50 3.11.1.2 Oxyopes lineatus Latreille, 1806 ............................................... 50 3.11.1.3 Oxyopes ramosus (Martini & Goeze, 1778) .............................. 51 3.12 PALPIMANIDAE ................................................................................................ 51 xii 3.12.1 Palpimanus Dufour, 1820 ........................................................................ 51 3.12.1.1 Palpimanus gibbulus Dufour, 1820 ........................................... 51 3.12.1.2 Palpimanus uncatus Kulczyński, 1909 ..................................... 52 3.13 PHILODROMIDAE ............................................................................................. 52 3.13.1 Philodromus Walckenaer, 1826 ............................................................... 52 3.13.1.1 Philodromus cespitum (Walckenaer, 1802)............................... 52 3.13.2 Pulchellodromus Wunderlich, 2012 ......................................................... 53 3.13.2.1 Pulchellodromus pulchellus (Lucas, 1846) ............................... 53 3.13.3 Thanatus C. L. Koch, 1837 ...................................................................... 54 3.13.3.1 Thanatus atratus Simon, 1875 .................................................. 54 3.13.3.2 Thanatus formicinus (Clerck, 1757) .......................................... 55 3.13.3.3 Thanatus oblongiusculus (Lucas, 1846) .................................... 56 3.14 PHOLCIDAE ........................................................................................................ 56 3.14.1 Pholcus Walkenaer, 1805 ......................................................................... 56 3.14.1.1 Pholcus phalangioides (Fuesslin, 1775) .................................... 56 3.15 PISAURIDAE ....................................................................................................... 57 3.15.1 Pisaura Simon, 1885 ................................................................................ 57 3.15.1.1 Pisaura mirabilis (Clerck, 1757) ............................................... 57 3.16 SALTICIDAE ....................................................................................................... 58 3.16.1 Aelurillus Simon, 1884 ............................................................................. 58 3.16.1.1 Aelurillus luctuosus (Lucas, 1846) ............................................ 58 3.16.2 Ballus C. L. Koch, 1850 ........................................................................... 58 3.16.2.1 Ballus chalybeius (Walckenaer, 1802) ...................................... 58 3.16.3 Chalcoscirtus Bertkau, 1880 .................................................................... 59 3.16.3.1 Chalcoscirtus nigritus (Thorell, 1875) ...................................... 59 3.16.4 Cyrba Simon, 1876 ................................................................................... 59 3.16.4.1 Cyrba algerina (Lucas, 1846) ................................................... 59 xiii 3.16.5 Evarcha Simon, 1902 ............................................................................... 60 3.16.5.1 Evarcha falcata (Clerck, 1757) ................................................. 60 3.16.6 Heliophanus C. L. Koch, 1833 ................................................................. 60 3.16.6.1 Heliophanus cupresus (Walckenaer, 1802) ............................... 60 3.16.6.2 Heliophanus edentulus Simon, 1871 ......................................... 61 3.16.7 Leptorchestes Thorell, 1870 ..................................................................... 61 3.16.7.1 Leptorchestes sikorskii Prószyński, 2000 .................................. 61 3.16.8 Pellenes Simon, 1876 ............................................................................... 62 3.16.8.1 Pellenes geniculatus (Simon, 1868) .......................................... 62 3.16.9 Philaeus Thorell, 1869 ............................................................................. 63 3.16.9.1 Philaeus chrysops (Poda, 1761) ................................................ 63 3.16.10 Phlegra Simon, 1876 .............................................................................. 64 3.16.10.1 Phelegra bresnieri (Lucas, 1846) ............................................ 64 3.16.10.2 Phlegra fasciata (Hahn, 1826) ................................................ 64 3.16.11 Plexippus C. L. Koch, 1846 ................................................................... 66 3.16.11.1 Plexippus paykulli (Audouin, 1826) ....................................... 66 3.16.12 Salticus Latreille, 1804 ........................................................................... 66 3.16.12.1 Salticus scenicus (Clerck, 1757) .............................................. 66 3.16.13 Talevera Peckham & Peckham, 1909 .................................................... 67 3.16.13.1 Talavera aequipes (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1871) .................. 67 3.17 SCYTOTIDAE ..................................................................................................... 67 3.17.1 Scytodes Latreille, 1804 ........................................................................... 67 3.17.1.1 Scytodes thoracica (Latreille, 1802) .......................................... 67 3.18 SICARIIDAE ........................................................................................................ 69 3.18.1 Loxosceles Heineken & Lowe, 1832 ....................................................... 69 3.18.1.1 Loxosceles rufescens (Dufour, 1820) ....................................... 69 3.19 SPARISIDAE ....................................................................................................... 70 xiv 3.19.1 Eusparassus Simon, 1903 ........................................................................ 70 3.19.1.1 Eusparassus walckenaeri (Audouin, 1826) .............................. 70 3.20 TETRAGNATHIDAE .......................................................................................... 70 3.20.1 Tetragnatha Latreille, 1804 ...................................................................... 70 3.20.1.1 Tetragnatha obtusa C.L.Koch, 1837 ......................................... 70 3.21 THERIDIIDAE ..................................................................................................... 71 3.21.1 Asagena Sundevall, 1833 ......................................................................... 71 3.21.1.1 Asagena phalera (Panzer, 1801) ............................................... 71 3.21.2 Cryptachaea Archer, 1946 ....................................................................... 72 3.21.2.1 Cryptachaea riparia (Blackwall, 1834) .................................... 72 3.21.3 Enoplognatha Pavesi, 1880 ...................................................................... 72 3.21.3.1 Enoplognatha mandibularis (Lucas, 1846) ............................... 72 3.21.3.2 Enoplognatha oelandica (Thorell, 1875) .................................. 73 3.21.3.3 Enoplognatha thoracica (Hahn, 1833) ...................................... 74 3.21.4 Episinus Walckenaer, in Latreille, 1809 .................................................. 74 3.21.4.1 Episinus truncatus Latreille, 1809 ............................................. 74 3.21.5 Euryopis Menge, 1868 ............................................................................. 75 3.21.5.1 Euryopis laeta (Westring 1861) ................................................ 75 3.21.6 Neottiura Menge, 1868 ............................................................................. 76 3.21.6.1 Neottiura herbigrada (Simon, 1873) ........................................ 76 3.21.7 Steatoda Sundevall, 1833 ......................................................................... 76 3.21.7.1 Steatoda albomaculata (De Geer, 1778) ................................... 76 3.21.7.2 Steatoda paykulliana (Walckenaer, 1805)................................. 78 3.22 THOMISIDAE ...................................................................................................... 79 3.22.1 Heriaeus Simon, 1875 .............................................................................. 79 3.22.1.1 Heriaeus graminicola (Doleschall, 1852) ................................. 79 3.22.2 Ozyptilla Simon, 1864 .............................................................................. 79 xv 3.22.2.1 Ozyptilla atomaria (Panzer, 1801) ........................................... 79 3.22.3 Synema Simon, 1864 ................................................................................ 80 3.22.3.1 Synema globosum (Fabricius, 1775) .......................................... 80 3.22.4 Thomisus Walckenaer, 1805 ..................................................................... 81 3.22.4.1 Thomisus onustus Walckenaer, 1805......................................... 81 3.22.5 Tmarus Simon, 1875 ................................................................................ 82 3.22.5.1 Tmarus stellio Simon, 1875 ....................................................... 82 3.22.6 Xyticus C. L. Koch, 1835 ......................................................................... 82 3.22.6.1 Xysticus caperatus Simon, 1875 ................................................ 82 3.22.6.2 Xysticus edax (O. P.-Cambridge, 1872) .................................... 83 3.22.6.3 Xyticus kaznakovi Utochkin, 1968............................................. 83 3.22.6.4 Xyticus kochi Thorell, 1872 ....................................................... 84 3.22.6.5 Xysticus laetus Thorell, 1875..................................................... 84 3.22.6.6 Xysticus pseudorectilineus (Wunderlich, 1995) ........................ 84 3.22.6.7 Xysticus thessalicus Simon, 1916 .............................................. 85 3.22.6.8 Xysticus tristrami (O.P.-Cambridge, 1872) ............................... 85 3.23 TITANOECIDAE ................................................................................................. 86 3.23.1 Nurscia Simon, 1874 ................................................................................ 86 3.23.1.1 Nurscia albomaculata (Lucas 1846) ......................................... 86 3.23.2 Titanoeca Thorell, 1870 ........................................................................... 86 3.23.2.1 Titanoeca quadriguttata (Hahn, 1833) ....................................... 86 3.24 ULOBORIDAE .................................................................................................... 87 3.24.1 Uloborus Latreille, 1806 .......................................................................... 87 3.24.1.1 Uloborus walckenaerius Latreille, 1806 ................................... 87 3.25 ZODARIDAE ....................................................................................................... 88 3.25.1 Pax Levy, 1990 ......................................................................................... 88 3.25.1.1 Pax islamita (Simon, 1873) ...................................................... 88 xvi 3.25.2 Zodarion Walckenaer, 1826 ..................................................................... 88 3.25.2.1 Zodorion kossamos Bosmans, 2009 .......................................... 88 3.25.2.2 Zodarion thoni Nosek, 1905 ...................................................... 88 BÖLÜM IV TARTIŞMA VE SONUÇ ........................................................................ 90 KAYNAKLAR……………………………………………………………………....104 ÖZ GEÇMİŞ ............................................................................................................... 116 TEZ ÇALIŞMASINDAN ÜRETİLEN ESERLER .................................................... 117

WOS: 000267273800012, This faunistic list of ground spider fauna from Turkey includes published records and original data. Eleven species are new to Turkish araneofauna. With this Study, a total of 107 species belonging to 26 genera of Gnaphosidae have been recorded from Turkey until the present time. For each species zoogeographical distribution is given. A zoogeographical classification is constructed according to the Current distribution of species. The largest groups are those of the widely distributed Palearctic and Europian-Asian., Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK) [106T133]; Erciyes University Scientific Research Project Unit [FBT-07-81], The authors acknowledge the Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK) (Project No. 106T133) and Erciyes University Scientific Research Project Unit (Project No. FBT-07-81) for Financial support of this work. This paper includes sonic data of the doctoral thesis of the first author. We also thank Mr. Hakan Demir (Gazi University, Turkey), who collected some of the material presented in this paper. Maps Courtesy of www.theodora.com/maps, used with permission.

WOS: 000254249400006, A new species of Palliduphantes Saaristo and Tanasevitch in 2001 is described from Turkey. Differences between the new species and related species are discussed.

Bu çalışmada, Gnaphosidae familyasına ait Drassodes lapidosus (Walckenaer, 1802) ve Haplodrassus signifer (C.L. Koch, 1839) türleri ile Thomisidae familyasından Xysticus ulmi (Hahn, 1831) türünün karyolojik analizleri yapılmıştır. Bu türlerden Drassodes lapidosus (Walckenaer, 1802) türü hariç diğer iki türün karyolojik çalışmaları ülkemiz popülasyonlarından ilk kez yapılmıştır. Çalışmalar sonucunda Drassodes lapidosus (Walckenaer, 1802) ve Haplodrassus signifer (C.L. Koch, 1839) türlerinin diploid kromozom sayıları 2n♂=22 (20+X1X2) şeklinde, Xysticus ulmi (Hahn, 1831) türünün ise 2n♂=23 (21+X1) şeklinde bulunmuştur. Xysticus ulmi (Hahn, 1831) türünde diploid kromozom sayısı türün bilinen kromozom sayılarından farklı bulunmuştur., In this study the karyotype and sex chromosome system features of Drassodes lapidosus (Walckenaer, 1802) and Haplodrassus signifer (C.L. Koch, 1839) belonging to family of Gnaphosidae and Xysticus ulmi (Hahn, 1831) from Thomisidae were investigated. The karyological studies of all species except Drassodes lapidosus (Walckenaer, 1802) were studied for the first time in Turkish spider populations. As a result of this study, diploid choromosome numbers were found 2n♂=22 (20+X1X2) in Drassodes lapidosus (Walckenaer, 1802) and Haplodrassus signifer (C.L. Koch, 1839), 2n♂=23 (21+X1) in Xysticus ulmi (Hahn, 1831). Also, diploid chromosome number of Xysticus ulmi (Hahn, 1831) was different from the known.

WOS: 000357587200003, Abacoproeces topcui sp. nov. (Araneae: Linyphiidae) is described based on male specimens from Mersin Province in Turkey. Four species, namely Araeoncus tauricus Gnelitsa, 2005; Erigonoplus globipes (L. Koch, 1872); Megalepthyphantes pseudocollinus Saaristo, 1997; and Styloctetor romanus (O.P.-Cambridge, 1872), belonging to this family are new records for the spider fauna of Turkey. Styloctetor Simon, 1884 has been recorded as a new genus for Turkey. Data on collected localities, distribution throughout the world, and genitalia figures of each species are presented., Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK) [TBAK: 106T133], We are very grateful to the Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK) for its financial support of this work (Project No. TBAK: 106T133).

WOS: 000321228800011, In this study, karyotypic and cytogenetic characteristics of Drassyllus praeficus (L. Koch, 1866) and Thanatus imbecillus (L. Koch, 1878) were investigated for the first time by examining mitotic and meiotic chromosomes obtained from gonad cells. The number and the sex chromosome system of D. praeficus and T imbecillus males was 2n = 22 (X(1)X(2)0) and 2n = 28 (X(1)X(2)0), respectively. D. praeficus had 10 autosomal bivalents and 2 univalent sex chromosomes, and T imbecillus had 13 autosomal bivalents and 2 univalent sex chromosomes during the first meiotic prophase and metaphase. Both species possessed acrocentric chromosomes in their karyotypes., Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK) [210T033], We are grateful to Assist. Prof. Dr. Recep Kara and Assist. Prof. Dr. Tulay Ezer (Nigde University, Arts and Science Faculty Biology Department) and to the Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK, Project Number: 210T033) for providing support and equipment for taking photographs. We are also thankful to our anonymous reviewers for their valuable comments and suggestions for improving the paper.

WOS: 000262207500013, The spider Phrurolithus festivus (C.L. Koch, 1835) and the family Corinnidae, to which the species belongs, are recorded from Turkey for the first time. The characteristic features of this species are described and illustrated and data regarding collecting sites and distribution all over the world are given. Localities of the collecting sites are plotted on a map., Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK) [106T133], The authors acknowledge the Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK) (Project No. 106T133) for financial support of this work.

WOS: 000274640800002, Berinda is a small genus of the family Gnaphosidae (Araneae) known only from the East Mediterranean. Up to now three species were known, namely B. amabilis Roewer, 1928, B. ensigera (O.P.-Cambridge, 1874), and B. aegilia Chatzaki, 2002, all recorded from the Greek islands (B. amabilis is also recorded from Uzbekistan and Turkey) and the mainland (B. ensigera). In this paper we revise the genus adding new records of the previously recorded species and a new synonymy for B. ensigera (Haplodrassus grazianoi Caporiacco, 1948) and describe two new species, one found on the island of Cyprus, B. cypria Chatzaki & Panayiotou n.sp., and one found in Kayseri, Central Anatolia, Turkey, B. hakani Chatzaki & Seyyar n.sp., thus leading to a total of five species included in this genus.