Descriptor: "Cheiracanthium" / Topic: araneae - Searchworks@Jio Institute Digital Library Search Results

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83 results on '"Cheiracanthium"'

1. Regional patterns in the invasion success of Cheiracanthium spiders (Miturgidae) in vineyard ecosystems

Author: Hogg, Brian N., Gillespie, Rosemary G., and Daane, Kent M.
Subjects: Life Sciences, Developmental Biology, Ecology, Plant Sciences, Freshwater & Marine Ecology, Araneae, Miturgidae, Cheiracanthium, Invasive species, Interspecific competition, Habitat fragmentation
Abstract: Invasions have often been linked to reduced biodiversity, but the role of non-native species in the decline of native species is ambiguous. In a 2003 survey of four California vineyard regions, exotic spiders (Cheiracanthium spp.) were more dominant in vineyards with lower spider species diversity and reduced spider abundance. There was no evidence for the role of species interactions in the invasion of Cheiracanthium spiders, however, as native spiders from the same feeding guild were most abundant in regions with high Cheiracanthium levels. Comparison with a survey conducted 10 years earlier indicated that the recent invader C. mildei simply represented an addition to the spider community, with no apparent change in proportions of the congener C. inclusum. Invasion success is discussed with respect to agricultural habitat, as results suggest that disturbed conditions in many vineyards may favor Cheiracanthium spp. and native wandering spiders while decreasing overall spider diversity. more...
Published: 2010

2. Cascading effects of cannibalism in a top predator.

Author: HOGG, BRIAN N. and DAANE, KENT M.
Subjects: *YELLOW sac spiders, *CANNIBALISM in spiders, *PREDATION, *LEAFHOPPERS, *FOOD chains, *VINEYARDS
Abstract: 1. Predator interactions are often driven by size differences, with larger predators consuming smaller ones. Cannibalism is widespread among predators, and can be more intense than antagonistic interactions between different predator species. 2. In a series of greenhouse experiments and a field experiment, we investigated the role of size structure in shaping the impacts of a top predator (the wandering spider Cheiracanthium mildei L. Koch) on an insect herbivore in vineyards of Napa County, California. 3. In greenhouse cages, survival of small C. mildei was lower when large C. mildei were present, and the combined effects of small and large C. mildei on leafhopper numbers and grape leaf damage were non-additive. The frequency of cannibalism in C. mildei did not change when the abundance of leafhoppers was manipulated. However, in the field experiment small and large C. mildei combined additively to reduce leafhopper numbers. 4. Results show that cannibalism has the potential to dampen the cascading effects of C. mildei in a vineyard food web, but that it may be less important than other mortality factors in the field. Nonetheless, C. mildei substantially impacted leafhoppers in both the greenhouse and the field, suggesting that mortality caused by cannibalism or other factors may not compromise its overall predatory impacts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
Published: 2015
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3. Impacts of exotic spider spillover on resident arthropod communities in a natural habitat.

Author: HOGG, BRIAN N. and DAANE, KENT M.
Subjects: *ARTHROPODA ecology, *FRAGMENTED landscapes, *YELLOW sac spiders, *INTRODUCED insects, *BIODIVERSITY, *OAK, *HERBIVORES
Abstract: 1. The spillover of exotic predators from managed ecosystems into natural habitats may exacerbate the biodiversity losses caused by land-use intensification. 2. In the present study, the impacts of the exotic wandering spider Cheiracanthium mildei L. Koch in an oak woodland ecosystem adjacent to an intensively-managed agricultural system were examined. 3. Abundance and species richness of resident spiders and insects in oak branches were reduced in the presence of C. mildei. Contrary to expectations, C. mildei did not disproportionately affect other wandering spider species, but appeared to impact spiders from all tested functional groups. Numbers of herbivorous and predatory insects were also lower in the presence of C. mildei. 4. Although the apparent effects of this spider extend to multiple trophic levels in oak woodland, its voracity and relatively large size may ultimately strengthen herbivore suppression in the vineyard-oak woodland landscape. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
Published: 2015
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4. Resident spiders as predators of the recently introduced light brown apple moth, Epiphyas postvittana.

Author: Hogg, Brian N., Wang, Xin-Geng, Mills, Nicholas J., and Daane, Kent M.
Subjects: *EPIPHYAS postvittana, *SPIDER behavior, *PREDATORY insects, *EFFECT of predation on insects, *ANYPHAENA
Abstract: The invasive light brown apple moth, Epiphyas postvittana ( Walker) ( Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), has not reached damaging levels on crops in California ( USA), suggesting that its populations and impact are limited by generalist natural enemies. In a series of laboratory experiments, we examined resident spiders as predators of E. postvittana larvae on two host plants, the ornamental Australian tea tree, Leptospermum laevigatum ( Gaertn.) F. Muell ( Myrtaceae), and the weed French broom, Genista monspessulana ( L.) L.A.S. Johnson ( Fabaceae). Of three abundant spider species in Australian tea tree, two hunting spiders measurably reduced the numbers of E. postvittana larvae and plant damage, whereas a web-weaving spider had no detectable impact. The adult stage of the dominant hunting spider Anyphaena aperta Banks ( Anyphaenidae) consumed E. postvittana larvae, but neither large nor small juveniles had statistically detectable effects on numbers of larvae. However, plant damage was reduced in the presence of large juvenile A. aperta, suggesting that A. aperta may also have non-consumptive effects on the feeding behavior of E. postvittana larvae. Anyphaena aperta consumed larvae only when larval densities exceeded a low threshold in a functional response experiment, leading to a type III functional response. Adult A. aperta showed no preference for different E. postvittana instars, whereas Cheiracanthium mildei L. Koch ( Miturgidae), an abundant hunting spider on French broom, showed a partial preference for late-instar larvae. The generalist feeding habits of the spiders may have precluded strong prey preferences. Results show that hunting spiders may help limit E. postvittana populations in California, and that they may in turn reduce the impact of E. postvittana on its host plants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
Published: 2014
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5. The roles of top and intermediate predators in herbivore suppression: contrasting results from the field and laboratory.

Author: HOGG, BRIAN N. and DAANE, KENT M.
Subjects: *HERBIVORES, *FOOD chains, *PREDATORY animals, *LEAFHOPPERS, *YELLOW sac spiders, *CANNIBALISM
Abstract: Intraguild predators can have unpredictable effects in food webs: they can either disrupt or enhance herbivore suppression, depending on their direct effects on herbivores. Furthermore, intraguild predation is not always unidirectional, with top predators eating more effective intermediate predators., In a vineyard field experiment and a series of laboratory experiments, the effect of intraguild interactions between a likely top predator (the spider Cheiracanthium mildei) and an intermediate predator (the spider Anyphaena pacifica) on suppression of their shared leafhopper prey ( Erythroneura spp.) was examined., In the field experiment, C. mildei drove the suppression of leafhoppers while reducing numbers of the other spider A. pacifica. The results of laboratory experiments confirmed the predatory impacts of C. mildei on both leafhoppers and A. pacifica. As a top intraguild predator, C. mildei appears to dominate predator-prey interactions in the vineyard ecosystem, although results indicate that its impact may be dampened by cannibalism., By contrast, A. pacifica preyed on leafhoppers and smaller C. mildei in laboratory experiments, but had no measurable impacts in the field experiment., The larger average size and wide-ranging hunting mode of C. mildei may provide a predatory advantage in the field that did not emerge over short time periods in small laboratory cages., These results highlight the pitfalls of extrapolating from the controlled setting of the laboratory to more heterogeneous conditions in the field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
Published: 2014
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6. Cheiracanthium caudatum

Author: Esyunin, Sergei L. and Zamani, Alireza
Subjects: Miturgidae, Cheiracanthium caudatum, Arthropoda, Arachnida, Animalia, Araneae, Cheiracanthium, Biodiversity, Taxonomy
Abstract: Cheiracanthium caudatum (Thorell, 1887) Eutittha caudata Thorell, 1887, p. 58 (description of immature &female; (?) from MYANMAR: Yangon; Dr L. Fea leg. 1885). Cheiracanthium caudatum: Simon 1901, p. 67. Comments This species is known only from the female specimen collected in Yangon Division, Myanmar (= Burma) (Thorell 1887). Thorell expressed doubt about the maturity of the examined specimen. This is the only Eutittha species for which Simon (1901 p. 67) established a new combination. The absence of figures and descriptions of the epigyne make it difficult to define this species and solve the problem of its systematic position., Published as part of Esyunin, Sergei L. & Zamani, Alireza, 2020, ' Conundrum of esoterica': on the long-forgotten genus Eutittha Thorell, 1878, with new taxonomic considerations in Cheiracanthium C. L. Koch, 1839 (Araneae: Cheiracanthiidae), pp. 1293-1323 in Journal of Natural History (J. Nat. Hist.) (J. Nat. Hist.) 54 (19 - 20) on page 1312, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2020.1781950, http://zenodo.org/record/5028442, {"references":["Thorell T. 1887. Viaggio di L. Fea in Birmania e regioni vicine. II. Primo saggio sui ragni birmani. Anal Museo Civico Storia Nat Genova. 25: 5 - 417.","Simon E. 1901. On the Arachnida collected during the Skeat expedition to the Malay Peninsula. Proc Zool Soc London. 71 (1): 45 - 84. doi: 10.1111 / j. 1469 - 7998.1901. tb 08164. x"]} more...
Published: 2020
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7. Cheiracanthium incomptum

Author: Esyunin, Sergei L. and Zamani, Alireza
Subjects: Miturgidae, Cheiracanthium incomptum, Arthropoda, Arachnida, Animalia, Araneae, Cheiracanthium, Biodiversity, Taxonomy
Abstract: Cheiracanthium incomptum (Thorell, 1891) Eutittha incomptum Thorell, 1891, p. 29 (description of immature &female; from INDIA: Nicobar Islands; Th. Workman leg. 1845��1847). Chiracanthium (Sic!) incomptum: Bonnet 1956, p. 1058. Comments This species is known only from an immature female collected on Nicobar Islands (Thorell 1891). As in the previous case, a detailed study of the type is required to confirm the validity of this species., Published as part of Esyunin, Sergei L. & Zamani, Alireza, 2020, ' Conundrum of esoterica': on the long-forgotten genus Eutittha Thorell, 1878, with new taxonomic considerations in Cheiracanthium C. L. Koch, 1839 (Araneae: Cheiracanthiidae), pp. 1293-1323 in Journal of Natural History (J. Nat. Hist.) (J. Nat. Hist.) 54 (19 - 20) on page 1313, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2020.1781950, http://zenodo.org/record/5028442, {"references":["Thorell T. 1891. Spindlar fran Nikobarerna och andra delar af sodra Asien. Kongliga Svens Vetenskaps-Akademiens Handlingar. 24 (2): 1 - 149.","Bonnet P. 1956. Bibliographia araneorum. Analyse methodique de toute la litterature araneologique jusqu'en 1939. Tome II. Systematique des araignees (Etude par ordre alphabetique) (2 me partie: C-F). Douladoure Toulouse. p. 919 - 1926."]} more...
Published: 2020
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8. Cheiracanthium tigbauaensis Barrion & Litsinger 1995

Author: Esyunin, Sergei L. and Zamani, Alireza
Subjects: Miturgidae, Arthropoda, Cheiracanthium tigbauaensis, Arachnida, Animalia, Araneae, Cheiracanthium, Biodiversity, Taxonomy
Abstract: Cheiracanthium tigbauaensis Barrion & Litsinger, 1995, stat. resurr. Cheiracanthium tigbauaensis Barrion & Litsinger, 1995, p. 161, figs 91a��f, 92a��d (description of holotype &male; from PHILIPPINES: Panay Island (10��40 �� 29��N, 122��22 �� 39��E), A.T. Barrion leg. 3.VIII.1977, paratype &male; and &female; from same locality, A.T. Barrion leg. 9. XI.1978; paratype &female; from PHILIPPINES: Luzon Island (16��02 �� 38��N, 120��29 �� 08��E), J.P. Bandong leg. 18.VIII.1979). Deeleman-Reinhold 2001, p. 228 (synonymy with C. insulanum; here rejected). Comments This species was originally described from Panay Island, Philippines (Barrion and Litsinger 1995) from both sexes. The conspecificity of the two species, C. adjacensoides and C. tigbauaensis, is not at all certain. The respective suggestion by Deeleman-Reinhold (2001, p. 231) is not reasonable. In the original description of C. tigbauaensis it is indicated that ��tegular apophysis moderately broad, squarely cut below before the tapering distal end�� (Barrion and Litsinger 1995, p. 164, fig. 91b, c), while TA of C. adjacensoides is unmodified, rounded at the apex (Song et al. 1990: fig 3)., Published as part of Esyunin, Sergei L. & Zamani, Alireza, 2020, ' Conundrum of esoterica': on the long-forgotten genus Eutittha Thorell, 1878, with new taxonomic considerations in Cheiracanthium C. L. Koch, 1839 (Araneae: Cheiracanthiidae), pp. 1293-1323 in Journal of Natural History (J. Nat. Hist.) (J. Nat. Hist.) 54 (19 - 20) on page 1318, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2020.1781950, http://zenodo.org/record/5028442, {"references":["Barrion AT, Litsinger JA. 1995. Riceland spiders of South and Southeast Asia. Wallingford (UK): CAB International; p. xix + 700.","Deeleman-Reinhold CL. 2001. Forest spiders of South East Asia: with a revision of the sac and ground spiders (Araneae: Clubionidae, Corinnidae, Liocranidae, Gnaphosidae, Prodidomidae and Trochanterriidae [sic]). Brill Leiden: Koninklijke Brill NV; p. 591.","Song DX, Chen XE, Hou JW. 1990. A new species of the genus Chiracanthium from China (Araneae: Clubionidae). Acta Zootaxonomica Sin. 15: 427 - 430."]} more...
Published: 2020
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9. Cheiracanthium longipes

Author: Esyunin, Sergei L. and Zamani, Alireza
Subjects: Miturgidae, Arthropoda, Arachnida, Cheiracanthium longipes, Animalia, Araneae, Cheiracanthium, Biodiversity, Taxonomy
Abstract: Cheiracanthium longipes (Thorell, 1890) Eutittha longipes Thorell, 1890, p. 372 (description of &female; from INDONESIA: Sumatra, Padang; Dr. O. Beccari leg. 1878). Chiracanthium (Sic!) longipes: Reimoser 1934, p. 15. Comments This species is known only from a female specimen collected in Sumatra (Thorell 1890). The absence of figures and descriptions of the epigyne make it difficult to define this species and solve the problem of its systematic position., Published as part of Esyunin, Sergei L. & Zamani, Alireza, 2020, ' Conundrum of esoterica': on the long-forgotten genus Eutittha Thorell, 1878, with new taxonomic considerations in Cheiracanthium C. L. Koch, 1839 (Araneae: Cheiracanthiidae), pp. 1293-1323 in Journal of Natural History (J. Nat. Hist.) (J. Nat. Hist.) 54 (19 - 20) on page 1312, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2020.1781950, http://zenodo.org/record/5028442, {"references":["Thorell T. 1890. Studi sui ragni Malesi e Papuani. IV, 1. Anal Museo Civico Storia Nat Genova. 28: 5 - 421.","Reimoser E. 1934. The spiders of Krakatau. Proc Zool Soc London. 104 (1): 13 - 18. doi: 10.1111 / j. 1469 - 7998.1934. tb 06215. x"]} more...
Published: 2020
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10. Cheiracanthium sadanai Tikader 1976

Author: Esyunin, Sergei L. and Zamani, Alireza
Subjects: Miturgidae, Arthropoda, Arachnida, Animalia, Araneae, Cheiracanthium, Biodiversity, Cheiracanthium sadanai, Taxonomy
Abstract: Cheiracanthium sadanai Tikader, 1976, stat. resurr. Cheiracanthium sadanai Tikader, 1976, p. 175, fig 1��4 (description of holotype &female; and allotype &male; from INDIA: Punjab, Ludhiana Agricultural University compound; Dr L. Sadana leg. 12.6.1887). Majumder and Tikader 1991: 90, figs. 197��202 (&male; &female;). Cheiracanthium melanostomum: Deeleman-Reinhold 2001, p. 231, p. 254 (synonymy of C. sadanai with C. melanostomum, even though the author herself was uncertain about this decision; here rejected). Comments This species was originally described from Punjab State, India (Tikader 1976) from both sexes. The conspecificity of the two species, C. melanostomum and C. sadanai, is not at all certain. The respective suggestion by Deeleman-Reinhold (2001, p. 231) is not reasonable. In the original description of C. sadanai it is indicated that ��cephalothorax, abdomen and legs light green�� (Tikader 1976, p. 176), while in the original description of C. melanostomum, it is indicated that the cephalothorax colouration ranges from testaceous to dark testaceous (Thorell 1895, p. 44). According to the redescription by Majumder and Tikader (1991), Indian specimens of C. melanostomum also have a colour pattern (��cephalothorax, legs and abdomen light brown��, cf. Majumder and Tikader 1991, p. 63) different from that of C. sadanai. Other potential distinguishing characteristics are indicated in the definitive key of Majumder and Tikader (1991, p. 54��56). However, currently, there is no publication that includes illustrations that allow an unambiguous definition of either C. melanostomum or C. sadanai according to the characters of the copulatory organs (all illustrations of these species in the relevant literature are too small and/or hard to interpret). Moreover, there is no indication that the types of C. sadanai had been re-examined by any of the subsequent authors (that either treated C. melanostomum or C. sadanai). Unfortunately, due to strict regulations in India, the type specimens were not available for this study either., Published as part of Esyunin, Sergei L. & Zamani, Alireza, 2020, ' Conundrum of esoterica': on the long-forgotten genus Eutittha Thorell, 1878, with new taxonomic considerations in Cheiracanthium C. L. Koch, 1839 (Araneae: Cheiracanthiidae), pp. 1293-1323 in Journal of Natural History (J. Nat. Hist.) (J. Nat. Hist.) 54 (19 - 20) on page 1318, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2020.1781950, http://zenodo.org/record/5028442, {"references":["Tikader BK. 1976. Two new species of spiders of the genera Cheiracanthium Koch and Clubiona Latreille (family: Clubionidae) from India. J Bombay Nat Hist Soc. 73: 175 - 177.","Majumder SC, Tikader BK. 1991. Studies on some spiders of the family Clubionidae from India. Rec Zool Surv India, Occasional Pap. 102: 1 - 175.","Deeleman-Reinhold CL. 2001. Forest spiders of South East Asia: with a revision of the sac and ground spiders (Araneae: Clubionidae, Corinnidae, Liocranidae, Gnaphosidae, Prodidomidae and Trochanterriidae [sic]). Brill Leiden: Koninklijke Brill NV; p. 591.","Thorell T. 1895. Descriptive catalogue of the spiders of Burma. London; p. 1 - 406."]} more...
Published: 2020
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11. New cheiracanthiid spiders from Xishuangbanna rainforest, southwestern China (Araneae, Cheiracanthiidae)

Author: Hao Yu, Shuqiang Li, and Jianshuang Zhang
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Asia, Arthropoda, Cheiracanthiidae, 010607 zoology, Nephrozoa, Protostomia, Rainforest, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Circumscriptional names of the taxon under, key to genera, Southeast asia, Oriental Region, taxonomy, Genus, Systematics, lcsh:Zoology, Arachnida, Thelyphonida, Animalia, Bilateria, lcsh:QL1-991, China, key to genera new genus new species Oriental Region taxonomy, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, new species, biology, Ecology, Cenozoic, new genus, Cheiracanthium, Cephalornis, biology.organism_classification, Miturgidae, Type species, Geography, Notchia, Araneae, Ecdysozoa, Animal Science and Zoology, Taxonomy (biology), Chasmataspidida, Research Article, Coelenterata
Abstract: Four new species of the genusCheiracanthiumC.L. Koch, 1839 from Xishuangbanna, Yunnan Province, China are described:C. daofengYu & Li,sp. nov.(♂♀),C. duanbiYu & Li,sp. nov.(♂♀),C. gouYu &; Li,sp. nov.(♂), andC. wuquanYu & Li,sp. nov.(♀). In addition,SinocanthiumYu & Li,gen. nov., is described with the type speciesS. shuangqiuYu & Li,sp. nov.A key to cheiracanthiid genera distributed in East and Southeast Asia is provided. more...
Published: 2020

12. Four species of spider genus Cheiracanthium C. L. Koch, 1839 (Araneae, Eutichuridae) from Jinggang Mountains, Jiangxi Province, China

Author: Jianshuang Zhang, Guren Zhang, and Hao Yu
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Mainland China, Eutichuridae, Arthropoda, Nephrozoa, 010607 zoology, Protostomia, Zoology, Circumscriptional names of the taxon under, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, lcsh:Zoology, Arachnida, morphology, Thelyphonida, Animalia, Bilateria, lcsh:QL1-991, China, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Taxonomy, new species, Spider, biology, Cheiracanthium, Cephalornis, biology.organism_classification, Geography, Notchia, Araneae, Ecdysozoa, description, Chasmataspidida, Animal Science and Zoology, Taxonomy (biology), Coelenterata
Abstract: Four species of spider genusCheiracanthiumC. L. Koch, 1839 are reported from Jinggang Mountains, Jiangxi Province, China. Two of them are described as new to science:C.auriculatumsp. n.(♀♂) andC.echinulatumsp. n.(♂).CheiracanthiumtaiwanicumChen, Huang, Chen & Wang, 2006 is recorded from Mainland China for the first time.CheiracanthiumzhejiangenseHu & Song, 1982, the most similar species toC.auriculatumsp. n., is a newly recorded species of Jiangxi Province. Detailed descriptions, diagnoses, and photographs of the two new species are given.CheiracanthiumtaiwanicumandC.zhejiangenseare also illustrated. more...
Published: 2018
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13. Cheiracanthium pennyi O. Pickard-Cambridge 1873

Author: Ponomarev, A. V., Bragina, T. M., and Shmatko, V. Yu.
Subjects: Arthropoda, Cheiracanthiidae, Arachnida, Animalia, Araneae, Cheiracanthium, Biodiversity, Cheiracanthium pennyi, Taxonomy
Abstract: Cheiracanthium pennyi O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1873 &Mcy;&acy;&tcy;&iecy;&rcy;&icy;&acy;Λ. 1&female;, &Tcy;&iecy;&rcy;&scy;&iecy;&kcy;, &scy;&tcy;&iecy;&pcy;&softcy;, 17.05.2014; 2&male;, &Tcy;&iecy;&rcy;&scy;&iecy;&kcy;, 19.08.2015; 2&male;, &kcy;&ocy;&rcy;Α&ocy;&ncy; «&Scy;&acy;Α», 25.05– 16.06.2015., Published as part of Ponomarev, A. V., Bragina, T. M. & Shmatko, V. Yu., 2017, New data on spiders (Aranei) of the Naurzum State Natural Reserve (Kostanay Region, Kazakhstan), pp. 3-10 in Caucasian Entomological Bulletin 13 (1) on page 5, DOI: 10.23885/1814-3326-2017-13-1-3-10, http://zenodo.org/record/8145545 more...
Published: 2017
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14. Cheiracanthium punctorium

Author: Ponomarev, A. V., Bragina, T. M., and Shmatko, V. Yu.
Subjects: Arthropoda, Cheiracanthiidae, Arachnida, Cheiracanthium punctorium, Animalia, Araneae, Cheiracanthium, Biodiversity, Taxonomy
Abstract: Cheiracanthium punctorium (Villers, 1789) &Mcy;&acy;&tcy;&iecy;&rcy;&icy;&acy;Λ. 1&male;, À&ocy;&kcy;&ucy;&chcy;&acy;&iecy;&vcy;&scy;&kcy;&ocy;&iecy; &pcy;Λ&acy;&tcy;&ocy;, 5.07.2014., Published as part of Ponomarev, A. V., Bragina, T. M. & Shmatko, V. Yu., 2017, New data on spiders (Aranei) of the Naurzum State Natural Reserve (Kostanay Region, Kazakhstan), pp. 3-10 in Caucasian Entomological Bulletin 13 (1) on page 5, DOI: 10.23885/1814-3326-2017-13-1-3-10, http://zenodo.org/record/8145545 more...
Published: 2017
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15. Cheiracanthium virescens

Author: Ponomarev, A. V., Bragina, T. M., and Shmatko, V. Yu.
Subjects: Cheiracanthium virescens, Arthropoda, Cheiracanthiidae, Arachnida, Animalia, Araneae, Cheiracanthium, Biodiversity, Taxonomy
Abstract: Cheiracanthium virescens (Sundevall, 1832) &Mcy;&acy;&tcy;&iecy;&rcy;&icy;&acy;Λ. 1&male;, &Kcy;&acy;&rcy;&acy;&kcy;&ucy;Α&ucy;&kcy;, Λ&iecy;&scy;&ocy;&pcy;&ocy;Λ&ocy;&scy;&acy; &ucy; &ocy;&zcy;. À&ocy;&ncy;&gcy;&acy;Λ&ycy;&kcy;&scy;&ocy;&rcy;, 18.07.2014. &Zcy;&acy;&mcy;&iecy;&chcy;&acy;&ncy;&icy;&yacy;. &Vcy;&icy;Α, &ncy;&ocy;&vcy;&ycy;&jcy; ΑΛ&yacy; &fcy;&acy;&ucy;&ncy;&ycy; &Kcy;&acy;&zcy;&acy;&khcy;&scy;&tcy;&acy;&ncy;&acy;., Published as part of Ponomarev, A. V., Bragina, T. M. & Shmatko, V. Yu., 2017, New data on spiders (Aranei) of the Naurzum State Natural Reserve (Kostanay Region, Kazakhstan), pp. 3-10 in Caucasian Entomological Bulletin 13 (1) on page 5, DOI: 10.23885/1814-3326-2017-13-1-3-10, http://zenodo.org/record/8145545 more...
Published: 2017
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16. Cheiracanthium rupestre Herman 1879, nomen dubium

Author: Rainer Breitling, Tobias Bauer, Arno Grabolle, Pierre Oger, Paolo Pantini, Johan Van Keer, Walter P. Pfliegler, Elke JantsCher, and Jan Dolanský
Subjects: Miturgidae, Arthropoda, Arachnida, Animalia, Araneae, Cheiracanthium, Biodiversity, Cheiracanthium rupestre, Cheiracanthium striolatum, Taxonomy
Abstract: Cheiracanthium rupestre Herman, 1879 nomen dubium Chiracanthium rupestre Herman, 1879: 157, 356, pl. 7, f. 158 (Description and illustration of female). [Holotype &female; from HUNGARY: Majl��th (Di��sgy&odblac;r, Miskolc), considered lost]. Cheiracanthium macedonicum Drensky, 1921 ( Figs 1 a+b, 2a+b, 4, 5a+b, 6a+b) Chiracanthium rupestre �� Chyzer & Kulczy&nacute;ski 1897: 235, pl. 9, figs 42, 62, 78 (description of female, description and illustration of male; three &female;&female; examined, two of them by photographs, considered misidentified) Chiracanthium macedoinica [sic, lapsus] Drensky, 1921: 49, 77, pl. 1, figs 12-14 (description and illustration of female). [Holotype &female; from BULGARIA: Yakoruda, Drensky leg., examined]. Chiracanthium macedonica �� Drensky 1929: 23 (lapsus corrected) Cheiracanthium mazedonica �� Drensky 1936: 173 (lapsus) Cheiracanthium macedonicum �� Roewer 1955: 480 (correction of gender ending required by ICZN Art. 31.2). Chiracanthium macedonicum �� Bonnet 1956: 1060 Cheiracanthium rupestre �� Oltean 1973: 46, figs 1-2 (description and illustration of male; considered misidentified) Cheiracanthium rupestre �� Sterghiu 1985: 110, figs 33a-c (description and illustration of male; considered misidentified) Cheiracanthium striolatum Simon, 1878 Cheiracanthium rupestre �� Oltean 1973: 46, figs 1-2 (description and illustration of male; considered misidentified) Cheiracanthium rupestre �� Sterghiu 1985: 110, figs 33a-c (description and illustration of male; considered misidentified) Cheiracanthium striolatum Simon, 1878, Published as part of Rainer Breitling, Tobias Bauer, Arno Grabolle, Pierre Oger, Paolo Pantini, Johan Van Keer, Walter P. Pfliegler, Elke JantsCher & Jan Dolansk��, 2016, East meets West: on the true identity of Cheiracanthium rupestre and Xysticus albomaculatus (AraChnida: Araneae: EutiChuridae, Thomisidae), pp. 38-49 in Arachnologische Mitteilungen 52 on page 47, DOI: 10.5431/aramit5208, http://zenodo.org/record/198414, {"references":["Herman O 1879 Magyarorszag Pok-faunaja. III. A Kiralyi Magyar Termeszettudomanyi Tarsulat Megbizasabol. Ungarns Spinnen- fauna. III. Im Auftrage der Koniglich Ungarischen Naturwissenschaftlichen Gesellschaft. Budapest. 394 pp.","Drensky P 1921 Paiti otъ iztocнa Мakidoнii i Piрiн-pлaнiнa [Payazi ot iztochna Makedonia i Pirin-Planina - Spiders from Eastern Macedonia and the Pirin Mountains]. - Сpiсaнii нa Bълgaрсkata akadiмii нa нaukitѣ [Spisanie na Bulgarskata Akademia na Naukite] 23: 1 - 80, Tab. I-II","Chyzer C & Kulczynski W 1897 Araneae Hungariae. Tomus II. pars posterior: Zodarioidae, Agalenoidae, Drassoidae, Zoropseoidae, Dysderoidae, Filistatoidae, Calommatoidae, Theraphosoidae. Academia Scientiarum Hungarica, Budapest. pp. 147 - 366, Tab. VI-X","Drensky P 1929 Paiti (Araneae) otъ Tiнtрaлнa i Юgozapadнa Мakidoнii. Spinnen aus Mittel- und Sudwest-Mazedonien. - Сpiсaнii нa Bълgaрсkata akadiмii нa нaukitѣ [Spisanie na Bulgarskata Akademia na Naukite] 39: 1 - 76, Tab. I-IV","Drensky P 1936 Katalog der echten Spinnen (Araneae) der Balkanhalbinsel. - Сpiсaнii нa Bълgaрсkata akadiмii нa нaukitѣ [Spisanie na Bulgarskata Akademia na Naukite] 32: 1 - 223","Roewer CF 1955 Katalog der Araneae von 1758 bis 1940, bzw. 1954. 2. Band, Abt. a (Lycosaeformia, Dionycha [excl. Salticiformia]). Institut royal des Sciences naturelles de Belgique, Bruxelles. pp. 1 - 924","Bonnet P 1956 Bibliographia araneorum. Analyse methodique de toute la litterature araneologique jusqu'en 1939. Tome II (2 me partie: C - F). Douladoure, Toulouse. pp. 919 - 1926","Oltean C 1973 Genul Chiracanthium C. L. Koch, 1839, in Romania. - Analele Universitatii Bucuresti, Seria Stiintele naturii, Biologie animala 22: 45 - 49","Sterghiu C 1985 Fam. Clubionidae. In: Fauna Republicii Socialiste Romania: Arachnida, Volumul V, Fascicula 4. Academia Republicii Socialiste Romania, Bucharest. 165 pp."]} more...
Published: 2016
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17. Cheiracanthium rupestre

Author: Breitling, Rainer, Bauer, Tobias, Grabolle, Arno, Oger, Pierre, Pantini, Paolo, Van Keer, Johan, Pfliegler, Walter P., JantsCher, Elke, and Dolansk��, Jan
Subjects: Miturgidae, Arthropoda, Arachnida, Animalia, Araneae, Cheiracanthium, Biodiversity, Cheiracanthium rupestre, Taxonomy
Abstract: The case of Cheiracanthium rupestre Material examined sub C. rupestre: BULGARIA: 1&female;, 2 juv., Kranevo near Varna, forest edge, ca. 150 m a.s.l., 9.��11.VIII.2005, Dolansk�� leg. et coll. 1&female;, Stranbaka mts., Vitanovo nature reserve, 28.��30.VIII.2000, S. Petrov leg., J. Dolansk�� coll. 1&male;, 10.��14. VII.1977, NMP, J. Buchar leg. et coll. P6d-41/2012/C2331. 3 juv., Bosnek, ca. 1100 m a.s.l., 13. VIII. 2009, J. Dolansk�� leg. et coll. 6 juv. (1&female;, 1&male; kept to adult stage under laboratory conditions), Bosnek, 13. X. 2010, J. Dolansk�� leg. et coll. HUNGARY: 1&female;, V��rpalota, HNHM Araneae-2198, Chyzer coll. 1187. 2&female;&female; V��rpalota IZ Kulczy&nacute;ski coll. (photographs examined). 1&female;, Szentendrei-sziget (Szentendre Island), north of Budapest, under bark on dead wood, end of May 2009, K. Pfeiffer leg., A. Grabolle coll. 1&male;, Nadap, Meleghegy, oak forest, 15.VI.1951, HNHM, Kakassn�� leg. SLOVAKIA: 1&female;, &Ccaron;achtice, 19.VI.1978, J. Svato&ncaron; leg. et coll. sub C. macedonicum: BULGARIA: 1&female;, between Yakoruda between Yakoruda and Mekhomiya and Mekhomiya, NMN- HS, holotype. sub C. striolatum: ITALY: 2&male;&male;, Firenze, Marradi, Badia Valle 430 m a.s.l., 25.VI.2003, A. Usvelli leg., MCSN. Sicily 1&female;, Ragusa, Giarratana, fiume Irminio, 500 m a.s.l., 19.V.1995, P. Pantini, M. Valle leg., MCSN. Comparative material C. striolatum: FRANCE: 4&female;&female;, 1&male; ��Pyr[��nn��s] Or[ientales] Prats de Mollo��, MNHN Simon coll. 1791. 1&male; Bonne Anse dunes, near La Coubre, Charente-Maritime ��mainly un- der rock rose�� MMUE Duffey coll. G7512. 1&female;, Balcons de la Mescla near Draguignan, bushy area, ca 800 m a.s.l., 25. IV.2009, J. Dolansk�� leg. et coll. PORTUGAL: 1&female;, Picotino, 21.II.2001, P. Cardoso leg. et coll. PMC0390b, pitfall. 1&male;, T��, 21.II.2001, P. Cardoso leg. et coll. PMC0390c, pitfall. 1&female;, Fonte d��Aldeia, 7.III.2001, P. Cardoso leg. et coll. PMC0390d, pitfall. 1&female;, Fonte d��Aldeia, 13.VI.2001, P. Cardoso leg. et coll. PMC0390g, pitfall. 1&female;, Algozinho, 21.III.2001, P. Cardoso leg. et coll. PMC0390e, pitfall. 1&female;, Algozinho, 4. IV. 2001, P. Cardoso leg. et coll. PMC0390f, pitfall. 1&male;, Mogadouro, 8.II.2001, P. Cardoso leg. et coll. PMC0248B. 1&female;, 1&male;, Picote, 21.VI.2001, P. Cardoso leg. et coll. PMC0248c, pitfall. 1&male;, Bru��, 3.X.2001, P. Cardoso leg. et coll. PMC0248d, pitfall. 1&male;, Picote, 14.XI.2001, P. Cardoso leg. et coll. PMC0248e, pitfall. 1&male;, M��rtola, 27.V.2003, P. Cardoso leg. et coll. 5358. 1&male;, Limas, 18.VI.2003, P. Cardoso leg. et coll. 5475, pitfall. 4&female;&female;, 2&male;&male;, 5 juv., Picote, 31.V.2001, P. Cardoso leg. et coll. PMC0390a, swept. 1&female;, 1 juv., Praia da Bordeira near Lagos, 12.IV.2005, M. &Rcaron;ez��&ccaron; leg., J. Dolansk�� coll. 1&female;, M��rtola, Corredoura, valley of Guadiana river, 8.XI.2005, M. &Rcaron;ez��&ccaron; leg., J. Dolansk�� coll. 1&female; Barca d��Alva near Mogadouro, 10.X.2007, M. &Rcaron;ez��&ccaron; leg., J. Dolansk�� coll. 1 juv., Ribeira Limas, 1.VII.2007, S. Pek��r leg., J. Dolansk�� coll. 1 juv., Golega near Torres Novas, 2.X.2007, M. &Rcaron;ez��&ccaron; leg., J. Dolansk�� coll. 1&male;, Palao near Mogadouro, 4.X.2007, M. &Rcaron;ez��&ccaron; leg., J. Dolansk�� coll. 1&male;, Fonte de Aldeia near Mogadouro, 5.X.2007, M. &Rcaron;ez��&ccaron; leg., J. Dolansk�� coll. 1&female;, Faro, Murra��o, 17.IV.2013, R. Bosmans leg. et coll. 1&female;, 1&male;, Lagoa de Obidos, in pine litter, 20. IV. 2013, R. Bosmans leg. et coll. 1&female;, Belmeque, bushy area, 300 m a.s.l., 38��2��45��N, 7��22��59��W, 28.III.2013, J. Dolansk�� leg. et coll. 1&female;, M��rtola, bushy area, 50 m a.s.l., 37��38��5��N, 7��40��13��W, 30.III.2013, J. Dolansk�� leg. et coll. 1&female;, Barranco do Velho, 30.III.2013, J. Dolansk�� leg. et coll. 15&female;&female;, southern Portugal, 3.��7.IV.2008, M. &Rcaron;ez��&ccaron; et S. Korenko leg., J. Dolansk�� coll. SPAIN 1&male;, Fabero, 1.V.2012, F. ��&tcaron;��hlavsk�� leg., J. Dolansk�� coll. 1&female;, M��laga, Mijas, stones in pine forest, 19.XII.1997, R. Bosmans leg. et coll. Mallorca 14 juv. (3&female;&female;, 4&male;&male; kept to adult stage under laboratory conditions), Badia Gran, bushy area, VI. 2008, J. Dolansk�� leg. et coll. ITALY 1&female;, Livorno, Isola di Capraia, 20.V.1992 C. Berera leg. MCSN. Sardinia 1&female;, SMF Roewer coll. RII/13643. FRANCE: Corsica 1&female;, Vivario, Col de Sorba (1320m), 26.V.1995, under stones in Larix forest, J. & K. Van Keer leg. et coll. CJVK 1506. 1&female;, Solenzara, 28.V.1999, in a Juncus field, CJVK. 1&female;, Asco, 23.IX.2013, under a stone along rocks, CJVK. 1&male; Zonza, 28.V.1999, under stones in Corsican pine forest, CJVK. 1&male;, Mausoleo, rivi��re Tartagine, 1100 m a.s.l., light trap, 30.V.2000, E. Bertuetti et al. leg., MCSN. 2&female;&female;, Mausoleo, rivi��re Tartagine, 1100 m a.s.l., light trap, 1.VIII.2000 Giomi F., Salmini B. leg. MCSN. 3&female;&female;, Olmi Cappella, affluent rivi��re Tartagine, 840 m a.s.l., light trap, 30.V.2000, E. Bertuetti et al. leg., MCSN. 5&female;&female;, 3&male;&male;, Asco, rivi��re Stranciacone, 1800 m a.s.l., light trap, 1.VI.2000, E. Bertuetti et al. leg., MCSN. ALGERIA: 1&female;, 2&male;&male;, Wilaya de Tissemsilt, Theniet el Had, clearing in cedar forest, 1750 m a.s.l., 23.III.1988, R. Bosmans leg. et coll. 2&female;&female;, 1&male;, Wilaya de Bouira, Massif du Djurdjura, Tigounatine, 1460 m a.s.l., cedar forest, 6.X.1987��1.IV.1988, R. Bosmans leg. et coll. MO- ROCCO: 1&female;, 1&male;, Tiznit, Mirlef, litter and stones, near the sea, 25 m a.s.l., R. Bosmans leg. et coll. Uncertain locality (��gall. m., hisp., alg.��= Southern FRANCE, SPAIN, ALGERIA) 28&female;&female;, 16&male;&male;, MNHN Simon coll. 1796.1867 (probably including syntypes). No locality. 2&female;&female;, 1&male; MNHN Simon coll. 1803.13468. C. sp. near striolatum: ALGERIA: 2&female;&female; Tlemcen, MNHN Simon coll. 1804.13299. 1&male;, Djelfa, Djebel Djellal, 17. VIII. 1990, R. Bosmans leg. et coll. MOROCCO 2&female;&female;, 1&male; ��Mogador, La Escaleza�� (= Essaouria, Marrakesh), MNHN Simon coll., 1803.13648. 1&female; ��Maroc: entre Mazagan [= El Jadida] et Oualidia (J. Th��odorid��s leg.)��, J. Denis det., MNHN, Simon coll., 1803. TUNISIA: 2&female;&female;, 1&male; Djerba, MNHN Simon coll. 1804.12462. Cheiracanthium rupestre was first described by Herman (1879) based on a single female found under a stone in a stony ditch close to Majl��th (Di��sgy&odblac;r, Miskolc, Hungary). It was redescribed by Chyzer & Kulczy&nacute;ski (1897), who not only discussed both sexes in their determination keys, but also provided the first description of the presumptive male of the species, based on a single specimen, the palp of which they illustrated. They considered the species much rarer (��multo rarius��) than C. effossum, which itself is one of the rarely found species of the genus. Another record, from ��Pajsarjeva jama��, a cave in central Slovenia, was contributed by Kratochv��l (1934), without further details. The male, but not the female, was later redescribed with detailed illustrations by Cleopatra Oltean (1973), which were later republished (under her married name) in her monograph on the Romanian Clubionidae s. lat. (Sterghiu 1985). The species is said by Sterghiu to be adult in May in Romania, where a single male was found in low vegetation on a roadside in B&abreve;neasa, on the northern edge of Bucharest. Since then, the species has been reported very rarely and usually on the basis of single male individuals from a few additional countries: Slovakia (various locations, Gajdo�� et al. 1999, 2009), Austria (1 male collected in a xerothermophilic downy oak forest on a south-facing mountainside between 400 and 500 m, Kanzelkogel, Graz, Styria, Horak 1987), Macedonia (4 male specimens collected in July 1998 at elevations between 1300 and 1800 m on ��ar Mountain, Komnenov 2002), and Bulgaria (Slavyanka Mountain, Naumova 2009). A female specimen from Bosnek in the Vitosha Mountains, Bulgaria (and now in the Dolansk�� collection), was illustrated by K&uring;rka et al. (2015). Herman��s type material could not be found in the collection of the Hungarian Natural History Museum (HNHM) and is in all probability lost. It was also not found in the Natural History Museum Vienna (NHMW), the Museum & Institute of Zoology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw (IZ), or the Zoological Museum of the National University of Lviv (LNU), where parts of the Kulczy&nacute;ski collection are held. However, a single female specimen labelled as C. rupestre is still available in Chyzer��s collection in Budapest and two further females in the Kulczy&nacute;ski collection in Warsaw. Examination of this material showed that C. rupestre, as understood by Chyzer, is identical to C. macedonicum Drensky, 1921, a species described on the basis of a female specimen collected between Yakoruda and Mekhomiya (= Razlog, Bulgaria), and later also reported as occurring relatively rarely on Babuna Mountain close to Abdi Han and between Resen and Ohrid (Macedonia; Drensky 1929, 1936) (Figs 1-2). However, a specimen from Ohrid labelled as C. macedonicum in the Drensky collection in the NMNHS turned out to be a male C. montanum (JD vid.). Deltshev & Blagoev (1997) reported C. macedonicum from submediterranean to montane coni- ferous altitudes on Pirin Mountain (Bulgaria) and Deltshev et al. (2013) found it on Galichitsa Mountain in Macedonia. The records of C. rupestre from Macedonia (Komnenov 2002) and Bulgaria (Naumova 2009) already imply the synonymy established here. The synonymy between C. macedonicum and C. rupestre sensu Chyzer & Kulczy&nacute;ski (1897) auct. is further supported by the examination of male and female specimens collected together in Bosnek (100 km north of Razlog, the type locality of C. macedonicum). This confirmed that Chyzer��s female is indeed correctly matched to the male that was illustrated by Chyzer & Kulczy&nacute;ski (1897), Oltean (1973) and Sterghiu (1985). The genital structures in both sexes are quite distinct and set the species apart from all other Cheiracanthium species in Eastern Europe. One slight complication arises, however, from the fact that Herman��s type material of C. rupestre could not be traced anywhere, and his original figure of the epigyne shows little similarity to that of C. rupestre as it has been understood since the times of Chyzer & Kulczy&nacute;ski (1897), even when we assume that the intraspecific variability is very high (Figs 1-2). The Hungarian text of the original description, but not its German translation in the same work, describes the epigyne as follows: ��The epigyne is very characteristic: there is one pinhead-like brown little sphere on each side of a deeply incised leathery arch.�� This matches the figure very well, so that a printer��s or illustrator��s error can be excluded. The ��pinhead�� structures do not seem to be compatible with the epigynal structure of the specimens that are currently assigned to C. rupestre, and the remainder of the illustrated details in the figure also show no resemblance to the distinct patterns seen in, e.g., Chyzer��s specimen. There is no indication of the ��deeply incised arch�� illustrated by Herman in the epigyne of any European Cheiracanthium species. The ��pinheads�� could represent mating plugs, which are known in other Cheiracanthium species, such as C. furculatum Karsch, 1879 (Bayer 2014) and C. mildei L. Koch, 1864 (Bryant 1952), but if Herman��s specimen belonged to the same species Chyzer��s material, the anterio-lateral position of the plugs would be inexplicable. Moreover, while several females of the closely related C. striolatum in Simon��s collection had broken emboli lodged in their epigyne, none of the specimens examined had a mating plug. We considered the possibility of assigning a neotype for C. rupestre, to stabilize the interpretation of this name, but decided that in view of the major discrepancies between Herman��s illustration and the current concept of the species, it would be impossible to select a neotype specimen that fulfils the condition of ICZN art. 75.3.5. ��that the neotype is consistent with what is known of the former name-bearing type from the original description and from other sources��. Instead, we consider C. rupestre as a nomen dubium, possibly based on a malformed individual. The valid name for the species described and illustrated in Chyzer & Kulczy&nacute;ski (1897), Oltean (1973) and Sterghiu (1985) thus becomes Cheiracanthium macedonicum Drensky 1921, and all records of C. rupestre (except that in the original description) should be referred to this species. Considering the descriptions published after Herman��s work and the genitalia of Chyzer��s specimen, both male and female C. macedonicum appear to be very similar to C. striolatum, a species described in 1878 by Simon from a wide range of localities in southern and western mainland France and Corsica, where it was found on low plants. The females were reportedly found with their egg sacs under stones in April. Although the first description already indicated that this species is not rare and can be quite common in suitable habitats, it was relatively rarely reported; and following its inclusion in Simon (1932), which added records from Algeria, Spain and Portugal and also provided the first illustration of the male and female genitalia, the species was not redescribed by modern authors for a long time. Numerous records are known from the Iberian Peninsula, where the species is widespread (Cardoso & Morano 2010). The first illustrated record since Simon (1932) was published only in 2014, based on a female collected under dried leaves along a road margin in Malaga, Spain (Lecigne 2014). Lecigne also reported a single female from a dune in Saint-Cyprien, Pyr��n��es-Orientales, France. Grill et al. (2005) reported the species from Sardinia/Italy and Barrientos et al. (2015) reported and illustrated the species from the Parc Natural del Montseny, Catalonia, Spain, providing the first modern illustrations of both sexes. The similarity between C. macedonicum and C. striolatum had already been noted by Deltshev (2003), who had examined the female holotype of C. macedonicum in Drensky��s collection and concluded that this species is close to C. striolatum Simon, 1878, to which it should be thoroughly compared. We have carried out this thorough comparison, based on a large number of specimens from the range of both species (see Material examined, above). In contrast to the first impression based on published illustrations of the genitalia, C. macedonicum and C. striolatum cannot be reliably differentiated based on the genitalia in either sex. The female genitalia are extremely variable in morphology, with specimens matching the published illustrations of either C. striolatum or C. macedonicum, and morphological intermediates between these, even within a single population (Figs 3-4). In the male, the tegular (median) apophysis is often distinctly bent in specimens of C. striolatum (Fig. 5, specimen from mainland France), but this trait is highly variable and specimens with an almost straight apophysis can be found as well, as is typical for C. macedonicum. The hind margin of the cheliceral groove carries 4 teeth in typical C. striolatum, compared to 2 teeth in C. macedonicum; however, the cheliceral dentition can sometimes vary between the left and right side of the same animal and is difficult to assess reliably. Given that cheliceral dentition has turned out to be unreliable in distinguishing other closely related spiders (e.g., the notorious species pair Drassodes cupreus / lapidosus, Bolzern & H��nggi 2006), it seems unsuitable to distinguish the two species. The most reliable feature to distinguish the two species is the opisthosomal pattern: male and female specimens from Western Europe have a distinct reddish heart mark, followed by a series of red chevrons (Figs 6 a, 6b). These marks remain distinct and clearly visible even in specimens that have been stored in alcohol for around 100 years in Simon��s collection. In specimens from Eastern Europe, any indication of this pattern is usually absent (Figs 6 c, 6d). Traces of the chevrons can rarely be seen in male specimens, but the heart mark is always pale and the pattern is never distinct in females. Thus, while some extreme specimens of the two species can be similar in their colouration, there is no overlap in the pattern seen in specimens of the two forms. The difference in opisthosomal pattern is already clearly established in the juveniles, which have distinct markings in C. striolatum but not in C. macedonicum, as seen in laboratory-reared specimens. Comparable cases of consistent differences in colouration in geographically vicariant populations of widespread spider species seem to be very rare. One example is seen in Carrhotus xanthogramma (Latreille, 1819): here, male specimens in the Far East consistently show a black longitudinal line on the opisthosoma, which is missing in European specimens (RB unpubl. observation), while the genitalia are indistinguishable (Pr��szy&nacute;ski 1973). However, even here, the unusual amphi-Eurasian distribution of the species (Logunov & Marusik 2001) indicates that perhaps the Asian population is a separate species, Carrhotus crinitus (Karsch, 1879), which is currently considered a synonym of C. xanthogramma. Another relevant case is provided by the sister species Clubiona &upsi;egeta Simon, 1918, and C. gene&upsi;ensis L. Koch, 1866, which are more reliably distinguished based on their abdominal pattern and colouration than based on their genitalia (Helsdingen 1979, Oger unpubl. observation). Simon (1932) mentioned that the characteristic pattern is sometimes lacking in C. striolatum, but this may be due to the inclusion of material from North Africa; examination of the African material in his collection indicates that some populations of C. striolatum -like specimens occurring there have a unicolourous opisthosoma. Given the lack of genital diagnostic characters, it is not quite clear if these North African specimens belong to C. macedonicum or to a closely related third species, as would be more plausible zoogeographically. Given the apparently highly conservative morphology, it would seem necessary to assess the extent of gene flow between all taxa in this very distinct group using the tools of molecular genetics, with a focus on North Africa and the possible contact areas in the Iberian Peninsula, Italy and Sloven, Published as part of Rainer Breitling, Tobias Bauer, Arno Grabolle, Pierre Oger, Paolo Pantini, Johan Van Keer, Walter P. Pfliegler, Elke JantsCher & Jan Dolansk��, 2016, East meets West: on the true identity of Cheiracanthium rupestre and Xysticus albomaculatus (AraChnida: Araneae: EutiChuridae, Thomisidae), pp. 38-49 in Arachnologische Mitteilungen 52 on pages 38-44, DOI: 10.5431/aramit5208, http://zenodo.org/record/198414, {"references":["Herman O 1879 Magyarorszag Pok-faunaja. III. A Kiralyi Magyar Termeszettudomanyi Tarsulat Megbizasabol. Ungarns Spinnen- fauna. III. Im Auftrage der Koniglich Ungarischen Naturwissenschaftlichen Gesellschaft. Budapest. 394 pp.","Chyzer C & Kulczynski W 1897 Araneae Hungariae. Tomus II. pars posterior: Zodarioidae, Agalenoidae, Drassoidae, Zoropseoidae, Dysderoidae, Filistatoidae, Calommatoidae, Theraphosoidae. Academia Scientiarum Hungarica, Budapest. pp. 147 - 366, Tab. VI-X","Kratochvil J 1934 Liste generale des araignees cavernicoles en Yougoslavie. - Prirodoslovne Razprave 2: 165 - 226","Oltean C 1973 Genul Chiracanthium C. L. Koch, 1839, in Romania. - Analele Universitatii Bucuresti, Seria Stiintele naturii, Biologie animala 22: 45 - 49","Sterghiu C 1985 Fam. Clubionidae. In: Fauna Republicii Socialiste Romania: Arachnida, Volumul V, Fascicula 4. Academia Republicii Socialiste Romania, Bucharest. 165 pp.","Gajdos P, Svaton J & Sloboda K 1999 Katalog pavukov Slovenska - Catalogue of Slovakian spiders. Ustav krajinnej ekologie SAV. I. 337 pp., II. Mapy-Maps 315 pp.","Gajdos P, Majzlan O & Ambros M 2009 Spiders (Araneae) of Rokos Massif (Strazovske vrchy Mts.). - Rosalia (Nitra) 20: 49 - 58","Horak P 1987 Faunistische Untersuchungen an Spinnen (Arachnida, Araneae) pflanzlicher Reliktstandorte der Steiermark, I: Die Kanzel. - Mitteilungen des naturwissenschaftlichen Vereines fur Steiermark 117: 173 - 180","Komnenov M 2002 Contribution to the study of spiders (Araneae) on Sar Planina Mountain, north-western Macedonia. - Bulletin of the Biology Students' Research Society (Skopje) 2: 103 - 110","Naumova M 2009 Contribution to the study of the spiders (Araneae) in Slavyanka Mountain (SW Bulgaria). - Biotechnology & Biotechnological Equipment 23, Supplement 1: 104 - 108 - doi: 10.1080 / 13102818.2009.10818376","Kurka A, Rezac M, Macek R & Dolansky J 2015 Pavouci Ceske Republiky. Academia, Praha. 622 pp.","Drensky P 1921 Paiti otъ iztocнa Мakidoнii i Piрiн-pлaнiнa [Payazi ot iztochna Makedonia i Pirin-Planina - Spiders from Eastern Macedonia and the Pirin Mountains]. - Сpiсaнii нa Bълgaрсkata akadiмii нa нaukitѣ [Spisanie na Bulgarskata Akademia na Naukite] 23: 1 - 80, Tab. I-II","Drensky P 1929 Paiti (Araneae) otъ Tiнtрaлнa i Юgozapadнa Мakidoнii. Spinnen aus Mittel- und Sudwest-Mazedonien. - Сpiсaнii нa Bълgaрсkata akadiмii нa нaukitѣ [Spisanie na Bulgarskata Akademia na Naukite] 39: 1 - 76, Tab. I-IV","Drensky P 1936 Katalog der echten Spinnen (Araneae) der Balkanhalbinsel. - Сpiсaнii нa Bълgaрсkata akadiмii нa нaukitѣ [Spisanie na Bulgarskata Akademia na Naukite] 32: 1 - 223","Deltshev C & Blagoev G 1997 The spiders of Pirin Mountain (Bulgaria). Taxonomic, faunistic and zoogeographical analysis (Araneae). - Berichte des naturwissenschaftlich-medizinischen Vereins in Innsbruck 84: 269 - 286","Deltshev C, Komnenov M, Blagoev G, Georgiev T, Lazarov S, Stojkoska E & Naumova M 2013 Faunistic diversity of spiders (Araneae) in Galichitsa mountain (FYR Macedonia). - Biodiversity Data Journal 1: e 977: 1 - 70 - doi: 10.3897 / BDJ. 1. e 977","Bayer S 2014 Miscellaneous notes on European and African Cheiracanthium species (Araneae: Miturgidae). - Arachnologische Mitteilungen 47: 19 - 34 - doi: 10.5431 / aramit 4704","Bryant EB 1952 Redescription of Cheiracanthium mildei L. Koch, a recent spider immigrant from Europe. - Psyche, Cambridge 58: 120 - 123 - doi: 10.1155 / 1951 / 51959","Simon E 1932 Les arachnides de France. Synopsis generale et catalogue des especes francaises de l'ordre des Araneae. Tome VI. 4 e partie. Roret, Paris. pp. 773 - 978","Cardoso P & Morano E 2010 The Iberian spider checklist (Araneae). - Zootaxa 2495: 1 - 52","Lecigne S 2014 Contribution a l'inventaire araneologique (Araneae) des Pyrenees-Orientales (Languedoc-Roussillon, France). - Revue Arachnologique 2 1: 18 - 28","Grill A, Knoflach B, Cleary DFR & Kati V 2005 Butterfly, spider, and plant communities in different land-use types in Sardinia, Italy. - Biodiversity & Conservation 14: 1281 - 1300 - doi: 10.1007 / s 10531 - 004 - 1661 - 4","Barrientos JA, Uribarri I & Garcia-Sarrion R 2015 Aranas (Arachnida, Araneae) del Turo de l'Home (Parc Natural del Montseny, Cataluna, Espana). - Revista Iberica de Aracnologia 27: 61 - 74","Deltshev C 2003 A critical review of the spider species (Araneae) described by P. Drensky in the period 1915 - 1942 from the Balkans. - Berichte des naturwissenschaftlich-medizinischen Vereins in Innsbruck 90: 135 - 150","Bolzern A & Hanggi A 2006 Drassodes lapidosus und Drassodes cupreus (Araneae: Gnaphosidae) - eine unendliche Geschichte. - Arachnologische Mitteilungen 31: 16 - 22 - doi: 10.5431 / aramit 3103","Proszynski J 1973 Systematic studies on east Palearctic Salticidae, II. Redescriptions of Japanese Salticidae of the Zoological Museum in Berlin. - Annales Zoologici, Warszawa 30: 97 - 128","Logunov DV & Marusik YM 2001 Catalogue of the jumping spiders of northern Asia (Arachnida, Araneae, Salticidae). KMK Scientific Press, Moscow. 300 pp.","Helsdingen PJ van 1979 Remarks concerning Clubionidae. - Bulletin of the British arachnological Society 4: 298 - 302","Caporiacco L di 1949 Una piccola raccolta aracnologica dei monti di Calabria. - Atti del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Trieste 17: 132 - 136","Pesarini C 2003 Araneae. In: Cerretti P, Tagliapietra A, Tisato T, Vanin S, Mason F & Zapparoli M (eds.) Artropodi dell'orizzonte nell'Appennino settentrionale, Primo Contributo. Conservazione Habitat Invertebrati 2. Gianluigi Arcari Editore, Mantova. pp. 65 - 69","Caporiacco L di 1950 Gli aracnidi della laguna di Venezia. II Nota. - Bollettino della Societa Veneziana di Storia Naturale e del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale, Venezia 5: 114 - 140","Hansen H 2007 Stato attuale della conoscenza della fauna dei ragni presente nel territorio della laguna di Venezia e nelle aree limitro- fe. - Bollettino del Museo civico di Storia naturale di Venezia 58: 11 - 82","Kostanjsek R, Kuntner M 2015 Araneae Sloveniae: a national spider species checklist. - ZooKeys 474: 1 - 91 - doi: 10.3897 / zookeys. 474.8474","Morano E, Carrillo J & Cardoso P 2014 Iberian spider catalogue (v 3.1). - Internet: http: // www. ennor. org / iberia (23 March 2016)"]} more...
Published: 2016
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18. Cheiracanthium escaladae Barrion

Author: Alberto T. Barrion, Aimee Lynn A. Barrion-Dupo, Josie Lynn A. Catindig, Sylvia C. Villareal, Ducheng Cai, Qianhua Yuan, and Kong Luen Heong
Subjects: Miturgidae, Arthropoda, Arachnida, Animalia, Araneae, Cheiracanthium, Biodiversity, Cheiracanthium escaladae, Taxonomy
Abstract: Cheiracanthium escaladae Barrion, Barrion- Dupo & Heong, new species [Figure 4 A-H] FEMALE. Total length 5.80mm. Cephalothorax length 2.10mm, width 1.50mm. Abdomen length 2.90mm, width 1.60mm. Carapace. Yellow except dark brown eye margins, 1.4 x longer than wide. Cephalic area narrower than thoracic area. Fovea shallow. Chelicerae yellow with brownish tinge; promargin bear 3 teeth with the middle tooth largest and retromargin reduced to 3 small peg teeth. Pedipalps yellow except tibia and tarsus clothed with light gray hairs. Maxillae yellow with diverging apices and blackish brown serrulae. Labium yellow with light gray hairs on the narrow apical margin. Sternum 1.43 x longer than wide, light yellow concolorous with the coxae but margins slightly darker and with a pair of oblong whitish yellow spots along the broadest area. Eyes. Recurved AER shorter than straight PER. Eye diameter (mm): ALE=PLE (0.14)> AME=PME (0.10), anterior eye equidistantly separated, PME much closer to PLE than to each other. Clypeus height very narrow, barely one-third AME diameter. Legs. Yellow except brown spines, a longitudinal band on dorsum of femora I,II, III and IV, two longitudinal bands each on venter of tibiae I-IV and metatarsi I-IV, ventrolaterals of metatarsi I-IV and tarsi I-IV lined with thick hairs, tarsi III and IV constricted and lined with black hairs subapically. Femur I shorter than femur II.Spination on femora I and II each with 3 -0- 0-2, femur III and IV with 3 - 0-2 - 2; tibia I and II 0-4 -0-0, III with 0-4 - 2 - 2, IV with 0-3 - 2 - 1; metatarsi I and II with 0-2 -0-0, III with 3 - 0-3 - 2, and IV with 3-5 - 3 - 3. Leg formula 4213. Abdomen. Pale brownish yellow clothed with dark brown to gray hairs dorsally, relatively thicker anteriorly and sparse posteriorly. Anal tubercle distinctly pointed apically. Spinnerets yellow brown except whitish basal segment of posterior pair. Epigynum with a pair of concave plates connected to each other along the posterior epigynal margin, copulatory opening oblongate and obliquely converging, copulatory tube V-shaped and spermathecae slender and elongate. MALE. Unknown. Material Examined. Holotype female (coll. no. S053), CHINA, Hainan Island, Panja Town, Songtao Reservoir area, 0 3 April 2011, ATBarrion, JLACatindig, SCVillareal. Diagnostic Features. This unique new species resembles C. denieli Tikader, 1975 but separated from the latter by a number of features, namely, (1) the structure of the epigynum, (2) shape of the spermathecae and maxillae, and (3) the presence of two ovoid spots on the basolateral margins of the labium. Etymology. Patronym, in honor of Dr. Monina Escalada for her contributions in social science and communications., Published as part of Alberto T. Barrion, Aimee Lynn A. Barrion-Dupo, Josie Lynn A. Catindig, Sylvia C. Villareal, Ducheng Cai, Qianhua Yuan & Kong Luen Heong, 2016, NEW SPECIES OF SPIDERS (ARANEAE) FROM HAINAN ISLAND, CHINA, pp. 1-103 in UPLB Museum Publications in Natural History 3 on page 6, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.269136 more...
Published: 2016
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19. Cheiracanthium mildei L. Koch 1864

Author: Komnenov, Marjan, Pitta, Eva, Zografou, Konstantina, and Chatzaki, Maria
Subjects: Miturgidae, Arthropoda, Arachnida, Animalia, Araneae, Cheiracanthium, Biodiversity, Taxonomy, Cheiracanthium mildei
Abstract: Cheiracanthium mildei L. Koch, 1864 Material examined. Site 3 (g: 1 &male;). Distribution. Portugal, Spain, France, Belgium (introduced), Germany, Switzerland, Italy, Austria, Czech Republic, Slovakia, Ukraine, Moldova, southern part of European Russia, Romania, Hungary, Croatia, Serbia, Bulgaria, F. Y. Republic of Macedonia, Albania, Greece, Malta, SW-Kazakhstan, SW-Turkmenistan, Iran, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Turkey, Lebanon, Israel, Algeria, Libya. Introduced in North America and Argentina (Komnenov, 2014). Chorotype. Mediterranean-Middle Asiatic., Published as part of Marjan Komnenov, Eva Pitta, Konstantina Zografou & Maria Chatzaki, 2016, Discovering the still unexplored arachnofauna of the National Park of Dadia-Lefkimi-Soufli, NE Greece: a taxonomic review with description of new species, pp. 1-66 in Zootaxa 4096 (1) on page 37, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4096.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/263078, {"references":["Komnenov, M. (2014) Spider fauna of the Osogovo Mt. Range, Northeastern Macedonia. Fauna Balkana, 2, 1 - 267."]} more...
Published: 2016
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20. East meets West: on the true identity of Cheiracanthium rupestre and Xysticus albomaculatus (AraChnida: Araneae: EutiChuridae, Thomisidae)

Author: Rainer Breitling, Tobias Bauer, Arno Grabolle, Pierre Oger, Paolo Pantini, Johan Van Keer, Walter P. Pfliegler, Elke JantsCher, and Jan Dolanský
Subjects: Arthropoda, Anthropology, media_common.quotation_subject, Biológiai tudományok, Természettudományok, Ozyptila, lcsh:Zoology, Arachnida, Animalia, Xysticus, lcsh:QL1-991, Thomisidae, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, media_common, Taxonomy, biology, Ecology, nomen dubium, Coriarachne, Cheiracanthium, Biodiversity, biology.organism_classification, species inquirendae, doubtful species, new synonyms, Miturgidae, Bassaniana, Geography, Insect Science, Identity (philosophy), Araneae
Abstract: Cheiracanthium rupestre Herman, 1879, and Xysticus albomaculatus Kulczyński, 1891, both originally described from Hungary,are among the most rarely reported species of their genera in Europe. Here we report that both of these species have very close relationshipsto similarly uncommon species originally described from France at about the same time. The specimens currently consideredas Cheiracanthium rupestre turn out to be very closely related to, but distinct from, Cheiracanthium striolatum Simon, 1878. However,the original description of C. rupestre does not match these specimens nor any other known species of Cheiracanthium. We thereforeconsider C. rupestre a nomen dubium and suggest that all previous records of this species after the original description actually refer toCheiracanthium macedonicum Drensky, 1921. Xysticus albomaculatus, on the other hand, turns out to be a junior synonym of Bassanianabaudueri (Simon, 1877) syn. nov., expanding the range of this species considerably to the East and at the same time confirming that it isa genuine European species, rather than a recent immigrant from North America as previously suspected. more...
Published: 2016
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21. Cheiracanthium striolatum Simon 1878

Author: Breitling, Rainer, Bauer, Tobias, Grabolle, Arno, Oger, Pierre, Pantini, Paolo, Van Keer, Johan, Pfliegler, Walter P., JantsCher, Elke, and Dolansk��, Jan
Subjects: Miturgidae, Arthropoda, Arachnida, Animalia, Araneae, Cheiracanthium, Biodiversity, Cheiracanthium striolatum, Taxonomy
Abstract: Cheiracanthium rupestre �� Oltean 1973: 46, figs 1-2 (description and illustration of male; considered misidentified) Cheiracanthium rupestre �� Sterghiu 1985: 110, figs 33a-c (description and illustration of male; considered misidentified) Cheiracanthium striolatum Simon, 1878, Published as part of Rainer Breitling, Tobias Bauer, Arno Grabolle, Pierre Oger, Paolo Pantini, Johan Van Keer, Walter P. Pfliegler, Elke JantsCher & Jan Dolansk��, 2016, East meets West: on the true identity of Cheiracanthium rupestre and Xysticus albomaculatus (AraChnida: Araneae: EutiChuridae, Thomisidae), pp. 38-49 in Arachnologische Mitteilungen 52 on page 47, DOI: 10.5431/aramit5208, http://zenodo.org/record/198414, {"references":["Oltean C 1973 Genul Chiracanthium C. L. Koch, 1839, in Romania. - Analele Universitatii Bucuresti, Seria Stiintele naturii, Biologie animala 22: 45 - 49","Sterghiu C 1985 Fam. Clubionidae. In: Fauna Republicii Socialiste Romania: Arachnida, Volumul V, Fascicula 4. Academia Republicii Socialiste Romania, Bucharest. 165 pp."]} more...
Published: 2016
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22. Regional patterns in the invasion success of Cheiracanthium spiders (Miturgidae) in vineyard ecosystems

Author: Rosemary G. Gillespie, Brian N. Hogg, and Kent M. Daane
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Freshwater & Marine Ecology, genetic structures, Biodiversity, Introduced species, complex mixtures, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Spider, Invasive species, Ecology, biology, Miturgidae, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Plant Sciences, Life Sciences, Species diversity, Cheiracanthium, 15. Life on land, biology.organism_classification, Interspecific competition, nervous system, Guild, Araneae, Habitat fragmentation, Species richness, Developmental Biology
Abstract: Invasions have often been linked to reduced biodiversity, but the role of non-native species in the decline of native species is ambiguous. In a 2003 survey of four California vineyard regions, exotic spiders (Cheiracanthium spp.) were more dominant in vineyards with lower spider species diversity and reduced spider abundance. There was no evidence for the role of species interactions in the invasion of Cheiracanthium spiders, however, as native spiders from the same feeding guild were most abundant in regions with high Cheiracanthium levels. Comparison with a survey conducted 10 years earlier indicated that the recent invader C. mildei simply represented an addition to the spider community, with no apparent change in proportions of the congener C. inclusum. Invasion success is discussed with respect to agricultural habitat, as results suggest that disturbed conditions in many vineyards may favor Cheiracanthium spp. and native wandering spiders while decreasing overall spider diversity. more...
Published: 2009
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23. Cheiracanthium mildei L. Koch 1864

Author: Paschetta, Mauro, Christille, Claretta, Marguerettaz, Fabio, and Isaia, Marco
Subjects: Miturgidae, Arthropoda, Arachnida, Animalia, Araneae, Cheiracanthium, Biodiversity, Taxonomy, Cheiracanthium mildei
Abstract: Cheiracanthium mildei L. Koch, 1864 NEW DATA. — Challand-Saint-Victor: Natural Reserve of Lago di Villa, 820 m, broadleaved forest, 26.VII-14.VIII.2013, 1 ♂, leg. Negro. LITERATURE. — Pavesi 1904; [Isaia 2005]; [Rossi & Bosio 2012]. CHOROTYPE. — OLA. MACROHABITAT. — Synanthropic habitats, broadleaved forests., Published as part of Paschetta, Mauro, Christille, Claretta, Marguerettaz, Fabio & Isaia, Marco, 2016, Regional catalogue of the spiders (Arachnida, Araneae) of Aosta Valley (NW Italy), pp. 49-125 in Zoosystema 38 (1) on page 63, DOI: 10.5252/z2016n1a3, http://zenodo.org/record/4578074, {"references":["PAVESI P. 1904. - Esquisse d'une faune valdotaine. Atti del Museo di Milano 43: 250 - 256.","ISAIA M. 2005. - Check list of spiders (Arachnids, Araneae) of Aosta Valley (Italy) with a new record for Italian fauna. Revue valdotaine d'Histoire naturelle 59: 25 - 43.","ROSSI G. & BOSIO F. 2012. - Elenco delle specie di ragni (Arachnida, Araneae) note per la Valle d ' Aosta. Revue valdotaine d'Histoire naturelle 66: 45 - 88."]} more...
Published: 2016
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24. Cheiracanthium punctorium Villers 1789

Author: Paschetta, Mauro, Christille, Claretta, Marguerettaz, Fabio, and Isaia, Marco
Subjects: Miturgidae, Arthropoda, Arachnida, Cheiracanthium punctorium, Animalia, Araneae, Cheiracanthium, Biodiversity, Taxonomy
Abstract: Cheiracanthium punctorium (Villers, 1789) NEW DATA. — La Thuile: Comba Thuilette, 2000 m, riparian vegetation, 17.VIII.2011, 1♂ 1 ♀, leg. Paschetta & Giuliano; Brissogne, Saint-Marcel, Quart, Nus: Natural Reserve of Les Îles, 530 m, dry meadow, 17.VIII.2011, 2 ♀, leg. Paschetta & Giuliano (MRSN-VDA). LITERATURE. — Rossi & Bosio 2012. CHOROTYPE. — TUE. MACROHABITAT. — Riparian habitats, shrublands., Published as part of Paschetta, Mauro, Christille, Claretta, Marguerettaz, Fabio & Isaia, Marco, 2016, Regional catalogue of the spiders (Arachnida, Araneae) of Aosta Valley (NW Italy), pp. 49-125 in Zoosystema 38 (1) on page 64, DOI: 10.5252/z2016n1a3, http://zenodo.org/record/4578074, {"references":["ROSSI G. & BOSIO F. 2012. - Elenco delle specie di ragni (Arachnida, Araneae) note per la Valle d ' Aosta. Revue valdotaine d'Histoire naturelle 66: 45 - 88."]} more...
Published: 2016
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25. Cheiracanthium ilicis sp. n. (Araneae, Eutichuridae), a novel spider species associated with Holm Oaks (Quercus ilex)

Author: Eduardo Morano and Raúl Bonal
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Spider, Cheiracanthium ilicis sp. n, isolated trees, Eutichuridae, biology, 010607 zoology, Cheiracanthium, biology.organism_classification, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Molecular phylogenetics, Botany, Animalia, Araneae, Animal Science and Zoology, Dna taxonomy, DNA taxonomy, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, molecular phylogeny, Research Article, Iberian Peninsula
Abstract: We describe a novel species Cheiracanthium ilicis sp. n. (Araneae, Eutichuridae) collected in the province of Toledo (Central Spain). It was found during a systematic sampling campaign carried out in an agricultural landscape with isolated Holm oaks Quercus ilex and small forest patches. Its morphology and affinities with other species of the genus are discussed. Furthermore, one mitochondrial gene was sequenced to confirm species membership and its differentiation from other Cheiracanthium species. The molecular phylogenies based on mitochondrial and nuclear genes showed a close relationship of Cheiracanthium ilicis sp. n. with Cheiracanthium inclusum and Cheiracanthium mildei, with which it also shares morphological similarities. Nonetheless, the sparse sampling of the phylogeny, due to the low number of sequences available, impedes drawing any definitive conclusion about these relationships; it is first necessary to perform an extensive review of the genus worldwide and more thorough phylogenies. Cheiracanthium ilicis sp. n. also shares certain ecological and phenological characteristics with Cheiracanthium inclusum and Cheiracanthium mildei. Like them, Cheiracanthium ilicis sp. n. is an obligate tree dweller that prefers a tree canopy habitat and reproduces primarily in late spring and summer. From a conservation perspective, the present study suggests the need to preserve isolated trees in agricultural landscapes. They are not only the refuge of common forest organisms but also of novel species yet to be discovered. more...
Published: 2016

26. Cheiracanthium C.L. Koch 1839

Author: Lotz, L. N.
Subjects: Miturgidae, Arthropoda, Arachnida, Animalia, Araneae, Cheiracanthium, Biodiversity, Taxonomy
Abstract: Cheiracanthium C.L. Koch, 1839 See Lotz (2014) for a comprehensive list of references and synonyms. Diagnosis and description. For a detailed description and diagnosis of the genus (based on Afrotropical species), see Lotz (2007 a)., Published as part of Lotz, L. N., 2015, New Species of the Spider Genus Cheiracanthium from Continental Africa (Araneae: Eutichuridae), pp. 321-336 in Zootaxa 3973 (2) on page 322, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3973.2.7, http://zenodo.org/record/236698, {"references":["Lotz, L. N. (2014) The genus Cheiracanthium from Madagascar and the Comoros Islands (Araneae: Eutichuridae). Zootaxa, 3857 (3), 301 - 332. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3857.3.1","Lotz, L. N. (2007 a) The genus Cheiracanthium (Araneae: Miturgidae) in the Afrotropical Region. 1. Revision of known species. Navorsinge van die Nasionale Museum, Bloemfontein, 23, 1 - 76."]} more...
Published: 2015
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27. Cheiracanthium lukiense Lotz, 2015, sp. nov

Author: Lotz, L. N.
Subjects: Miturgidae, Arthropoda, Cheiracanthium lukiense, Arachnida, Animalia, Araneae, Cheiracanthium, Biodiversity, Taxonomy
Abstract: Cheiracanthium lukiense sp. nov. Figs 28��30 Type material. Holotype &female;, DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF CONGO: Mayombe, Lower Congo, Luki Forest Reserve, 05�� 38 ��S, 13 ��04��E, 11.XI. 2006, D. de Bakker & J.P. Michiels (MRAC 221549); Paratypes: 2 &female;, same data as holotype, 24 & 29.IX. 2007 (MRAC 222150, 223604); 1 &female;, West Ruwenzori, Mutwanga, 00�� 20 ��N, 29 �� 45 ��E, VII. 1932, Van Hoof (MRAC 23068); 1 &female;, Kivu, Visiki forest, 00�� 12 ��N, 29 �� 15 ��E, 27.XII. 1971, M. Lejeune (MRAC 140912); 1 &female;, Shaba, Luiswishi, 11 �� 31 ��S, 27 �� 27 ��E, IX. 1973, F. Malaisse (MRAC 149053); 1 &female;, Lubumbashi, 11 �� 40 ��S, 27 �� 28 ��E, I. 1960, Ch. Seydel (MRAC 234359). Etymology. The species is named after the type locality. Diagnosis. C. lukiense sp. nov. is most similar to C. kupensis Lotz, 2007, both having large spermathecae and an anterior pocket in the epigynal depression (see Lotz, 2007 b: figs 36��37), but differ by the shorter copulatory ducts (Figs 29��30). Description. Female: (n = 7): TL = 10.40 (8.1��12.1); CL = 4.11 (2.9 ��5.0); CW = 3.09 (2.3��3.5); OAL = 0.62 (0.45��0.80); OAW = 1.81 (1.3��2.3); CLL = 0.08 (0.05��0.10). Chelicerae: robust with long fangs; fang furrow with six teeth of unequal size, PMT:RMT = 3: 3 (Fig. 28). Measurements: AME��AME 0.30; AME��ALE 0.40; AME diameter 0.25; PME��PME 0.55; PME��PLE 0.60; PME diameter 0.25; MOQAW 0.85; MOQPW 1.00; CI (CL/ CW) 1.43; LL:CL 5.08; STL 2.40; STW 2.10. Leg measurements: I�� 6.5 + 2.1 + 6.7 + 7.4 + 2.7 = 25.4; II�� 4.5 + 1.9 + 4.1 + 4.6 + 1.5 = 16.6; III�� 3.5 + 1.6 + 2.7 + 3.6 + 1.2 = 12.6; IV��5.0+ 1.9 + 4.2 + 5.4 + 1.5 = 18.0; Palp�� 2.0+ 0.7 +1.0+ 1.9 = 5.6. I 0-1 p- 1 p, 0- 1 v-0, 2v- 1 v- 1 v; II 0-1 p- 1 p, 0- 1 v 1 p-0, 2v- 2 v- 1 v; III 0-1 p 1 r- 1 p 1 r, 0-1 p 1 r-0, 2v 1 p 1 r- 2 v 1 p 1 r- 3 v 1 p 1 r; IV 0-1 p 1 r- 1 p, 0-1 r-0, 2v- 2 v 1 p 1 r- 3 v 1 p 1 r. Abdomen: creamy-yellow with a faint heartmark. Epigynum (Figs 29��30): depression wider than long with a slight pocket anteriorly; copulatory openings situated posteriorly in depression; internally, copulatory ducts proceed anterio-laterally, curving medially before ending anteriorly in large bean-shaped spermathecae; fertilization tubes enter spermathecae posterior-medially. Male: unknown. Distribution. Known from several localities in east, west and southern D.R. Congo (Fig. 54). Habitat. Rainforest., Published as part of Lotz, L. N., 2015, New Species of the Spider Genus Cheiracanthium from Continental Africa (Araneae: Eutichuridae), pp. 321-336 in Zootaxa 3973 (2) on page 329, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3973.2.7, http://zenodo.org/record/236698, {"references":["Lotz, L. N. (2007 b) The genus Cheiracanthium (Araneae: Miturgidae) in the Afrotropical Region. 2. Description of new species. Navorsinge van die Nasionale Museum, Bloemfontein, 23, 145 - 184."]} more...
Published: 2015
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28. Cheiracanthium punctipedellum Caporiacco 1949

Author: Lotz, L. N.
Subjects: Miturgidae, Arthropoda, Cheiracanthium punctipedellum, Arachnida, Animalia, Araneae, Cheiracanthium, Biodiversity, Taxonomy
Abstract: Cheiracanthium punctipedellum Caporiacco, 1949 Figs 34��36 Chiracanthium punctipedellum Caporiacco, 1949: 437, figs 71; Lotz, 2007 a: 52, figs 97��100, 138. Diagnosis. C. punctipedellum is most similar to C. molle L. Koch, 1875, having a bifid DTA and a RTA in males and copulatory ducts where anterior proceeding part and posterior proceeding part lay close to each other and are of almost equal length in females. Differs by the copulatory ducts of female entering the spermathecae anteriomedially and not anterio-laterally (see Lotz 2007 a: figs 87, 100), and males by the fangs lacking a basal knob and the TA apex being broader and the RTA��s having more rounded apexes (see Lotz 2007 a: figs 91��92 and Figs 35�� 36). Description. Females redescribed by Lotz (2007 a). Male: (n = 3): TL = 6.40 (6.0�� 6.7); CL = 2.93 (2.8 ��3.0); CW = 2.20 (2.1��2.3); OAL = 0.47 (0.45��0.50); OAW = 1.00 (1.0��1.0); CLL = 0.10 (0.1 �� 0.1). Chelicerae: robust with long fangs, without basal knob; fang furrow with six teeth of unequal size, with PMT:RMT = 3: 3 (Fig. 34). Measurements: AME��AME 0.15; AME��ALE 0.10; AME diameter 0.15; PME��PME 0.25; PME��PLE 0.15; PME diameter 0.12; MOQAW 0.45; MOQPW 0.50; CI (CL/CW) 1.36; LL:CL 5.80; STL 1.4; STW 1.1. Leg measurements: I�� 4.4 + 1.5 + 4.5 + 5.1 + 1.9 = 17.4; II�� 3.3 + 1.3 + 3.1 + 3.6 + 1.1 = 16.4; III�� 2.7 + 1.1 + 2.1 + 2.9 + 0.8 = 9.6; IV�� 3.8 + 1.3 + 3.2 + 4.4 + 1.1 = 13.8; Palp�� 1.4 + 0.5 + 0.7 + 1.5 = 4.1. Leg spines: I 0-1 p 1 r- 1 p 1 r, 2 v- 11 v- 0, 2v- 0- 1 v; II 0-1 p 1 r- 1 p 1 r, 2 v- 1 v 1 p- 1 p, 2 v 1 p- 1 v 1 p- 1 v 1 p; III 0-1 p 1 r- 1 p 1 r, 2 v- 1 p 1 r- 1 p 1 r, 2 v 1 p 1 r- 2 v 1 p 1 r- 3 v 1 p 1 r; IV 0-1 p 1 r- 1 p 1 r, 2 v- 1 p 1 r- 1 p 1 r, 2 v 1 p 1 r- 8 v 1 p 1 r- 3 v 1 p 1 r. Abdomen: similar to female, but more elongate. Palp (Figs 35��36): cymbium elongate, more than twice tibia length (excluding RTA��s), with a straight proximally directed apophysis with a sharp apex; tibia with bifid DTA and RTA; DTA short, dorso-lateral part with a sharp apex; RTA with a single apex; TA sclerotized, long, with broad apex; EM long, almost encircling tegulum, ending at CON apex; CON not sclerotized but distinct. New material examined. 1 &male;, DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF CONGO: Costermansville, 02�� 29 ��S, 28 �� 51 ��E, 2.III. 1937, H.J. Bredo (MRAC 22975); 1 &male;, 1 &female;, Sak��, 01�� 34 ��S, 29 ��02��E, V. 1937, J. Ghesqu��re (MRAC 23163); 1 &male; RWANDA: Kisenyi, 01�� 42 ��S, 29 �� 16 ��E, XII. 1952, A. Bertrand (MRAC 78860). Distribution. Widely distributed from northern South Africa to D.R. Congo, Rwanda and Kenya (Fig. 55)., Published as part of Lotz, L. N., 2015, New Species of the Spider Genus Cheiracanthium from Continental Africa (Araneae: Eutichuridae), pp. 321-336 in Zootaxa 3973 (2) on page 330, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3973.2.7, http://zenodo.org/record/236698, {"references":["Lotz, L. N. (2007 a) The genus Cheiracanthium (Araneae: Miturgidae) in the Afrotropical Region. 1. Revision of known species. Navorsinge van die Nasionale Museum, Bloemfontein, 23, 1 - 76."]} more...
Published: 2015
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29. Cheiracanthium kakamega Lotz, 2015, sp. nov

Author: Lotz, L. N.
Subjects: Miturgidae, Arthropoda, Arachnida, Animalia, Araneae, Cheiracanthium, Biodiversity, Cheiracanthium kakamega, Taxonomy
Abstract: Cheiracanthium kakamega sp. nov. Figs 19��21 Type material. Holotype &male;, KENYA: Kakamega forest, 00�� 13 ��N, 34 �� 54 ��E, 13.IV. 2002, D. Shilabira-Smith (MRAC ex. 220546). Etymology. The name is a noun in apposition of the type locality. Diagnosis. C. kakamega sp. nov. can be differentiated from other Afrotropical species of Cheiracanthium by the very broad TA on the male palp (Figs 20��21). Description. Male: (n = 1): TL = 6.7; CL = 3.1; CW = 2.3; OAL = 0.45; OAW = 1.0; CLL = 0.05. Chelicerae robust with long fangs; fang furrow with six teeth of unequal size, with PMT:RMT = 3: 3 (Fig. 19). Measurements: AME��AME 0.15; AME��ALE 0.10; AME diameter 0.15; PME��PME 0.20; PME��PLE 0.20; PME diameter 0.15; MOQAW 0.45; MOQPW 0.50; CI (CL/CW) 1.35; LL:CL 6.06; STL 1.70; STW 1.30. Leg measurements: I�� 4.6 + 1.5 +5.0+ 5.7 +2.0 = 18.8; II�� 3.2 + 1.3 + 3.2 + 4.1 + 1.2 = 13.0; III�� 2.6 +1.0+2.0+3.0+ 0.9 = 9.5; IV�� 3.6 + 1.3 + 3.2 + 4.5 + 1.2 = 13.8; Palp�� 1.4 + 0.5 + 0.7 + 1.4 = 4.0. Leg spines: I 0-1 p- 1 p, 2 v- 21 v- 0, 2v- 2 v- 1 v; II 0-1 p- 1 p, 2 v 1 p- 3 v- 1 p, 0- 3 v 1 p- 1 v; III 0-1 p 1 r- 1 p 1 r, 2 v 1 p 1 r- 0-1 p 1 r, 2 v- 2 v 1 p 1 r- 3 v 1 p 1 r; IV 0-1 p 1 r- 1 p 1 r, 2 v- 1 p 1 r- 1 p 1 r, 2 v 1 p 1 r- 5 v 1 p 1 r- 3 v 1 p 1 r. Abdomen: creamy yellow with slight heartmark. Palp (Figs 20��21): cymbium elongate, twice as long as tibia (excluding RTA), with a distally pointed apophysis; tibia with DTA and RTA, both ending with a single point at apex; TA broad and sclerotized; EM long, almost encircling tegulum, ending at CON apex; CON not sclerotized but distinct. Female: unknown. Distribution. Known only from the type locality in Kenya (Fig. 53). Habitat. Forest., Published as part of Lotz, L. N., 2015, New Species of the Spider Genus Cheiracanthium from Continental Africa (Araneae: Eutichuridae), pp. 321-336 in Zootaxa 3973 (2) on pages 326-327, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3973.2.7, http://zenodo.org/record/236698 more...
Published: 2015
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30. Cheiracanthium boendense Lotz, 2015, sp. nov

Author: Lotz, L. N.
Subjects: Miturgidae, Arthropoda, Arachnida, Animalia, Araneae, Cheiracanthium, Biodiversity, Cheiracanthium boendense, Taxonomy
Abstract: Cheiracanthium boendense sp. nov. Figs 1��3 Type material. Holotype &female;, DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF CONGO: Tshuapa, Boende, 00�� 13 ��S, 20 �� 52 ��E, X. 1969, J. Houwaerts (MRAC 136147). Etymology. The name is derived from the type locality. Diagnosis. C. boendense sp. nov. females are most similar to those of C. peregrinum Thorell, 1899 and C. shilabira sp. nov. in having two pockets in the anterior edge of the epigynal depression. C. boendense sp. nov. differs from C. shilabira sp. nov. by the absence of the bend in the copulatory ducts close to the spermathecae, and from C. peregrinum and C. shilabira sp. nov. by the pockets in the anterior margin of the central epigynal depression being shallower (see Lotz, 2007 a: figs 3 ��4, 95�� 96 and Figs 2 ��3, 44�� 45). Description. Female: (n = 1): TL = 8.3; CL = 3.3; CW = 2.5; OAL = 0.5; OAW = 1.3; CLL = 0.05. Chelicerae: robust with long fangs; fang furrow with six teeth of unequal size, PMT:RMT = 3: 3 (Fig. 1). Measurements: AME�� AME 0.20; AME��ALE 0.20; AME diameter 0.20; PME��PME 0.20; PME��PLE 0.30; PME diameter 0.20; MOQAW 0.55; MOQPW 0.60; CI (CL/CW) 1.32; LL:CL 4.70; STL 1.5; STW 1.2. Leg measurements: I�� 4.1 + 1.4 + 4.1 + 4.4 + 1.5 = 15.5; II�� 3.3 + 1.1 + 2.8 + 3.3 +1.0 = 11.5; III�� 2.5 +1.0+ 1.9 + 2.4 + 0.7 = 8.5; IV�� 3.4 + 1.1 + 2.8 + 3.7 +1.0 = 12.0; Palp�� 1.3 + 0.5 + 0.8 + 1.2 = 3.8. Leg spines: I 0-1 p- 1 p, 0- 2 v-0, 2v- 0- 1 v; II 0-1 p 1 r- 1 p, 0- 0-1 p, 2 v- 1 p- 1 v; III 0-1 p 1 r- 1 p 1 r, 1 p 1 r- 1 p 1 r, 2 v 1 p 1 r- 1 v 1 p 1 r- 3 v 1 p 1 r; IV 0-1 p 1 r- 1 p 1 r, 0- 0-1 p 1 r, 2 v 1 p 1 r- 1 v 1 p 1 r- 3 v 1 p 1 r. Abdomen: cream coloured with indistinct heartmark. Epigynum (Figs 2��3): depression wider than long with two slight pockets in anterior margin of depression (shaded areas, Fig. 2); copulatory openings in medianlateral edge of depression; internally, copulatory ducts proceed medially before curving anteriorly and then laterally and posteriorly before ending in anterio-lateral part of spermathecae; fertilization tubes enter spermathecae medially. Male: Unknown. Distribution. Known only from the type locality in DR Congo (Fig. 52)., Published as part of Lotz, L. N., 2015, New Species of the Spider Genus Cheiracanthium from Continental Africa (Araneae: Eutichuridae), pp. 321-336 in Zootaxa 3973 (2) on page 322, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3973.2.7, http://zenodo.org/record/236698, {"references":["Lotz, L. N. (2007 a) The genus Cheiracanthium (Araneae: Miturgidae) in the Afrotropical Region. 1. Revision of known species. Navorsinge van die Nasionale Museum, Bloemfontein, 23, 1 - 76."]} more...
Published: 2015
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31. Cheiracanthium foordi Lotz, 2015, sp. nov

Author: Lotz, L. N.
Subjects: Miturgidae, Arthropoda, Arachnida, Animalia, Araneae, Cheiracanthium, Biodiversity, Cheiracanthium foordi, Taxonomy
Abstract: Cheiracanthium foordi sp. nov. Figs 7��9 Type material. Holotype &female;, SOUTH AFRICA: Limpopo Province, Marakele Nature Reserve, 24 �� 29 ��S, 27 �� 31 ��E, III. 2005, S. Foord (NCAP). Etymology. The species name is a patronym for Stefan Foord, collector of the type specimen. Diagnosis. C. foordi sp. nov. females are similar to those of C. aculeutum Simon, 1884, but can be differentiated by the longer copulatory ducts and by the placement of the copulatory openings in the epigynal depression, being medio-lateral (Figs 8��9) instead of anterio-lateral (see Lotz, 2007 a: figs 3��4). Description. Female: (n = 1): TL = 5.3; CL = 2.1; CW = 1.5; OAL = 0.35; OAW = 0.8; CLL = 0.05. Chelicerae: robust with long fangs; fang furrow with six teeth of unequal size, PMT:RMT = 3: 3 (Fig. 7). Measurements: AME��AME 0.10; AME��ALE 0.10; AME diameter 0.15; PME��PME 0.15; PME��PLE 0.15; PME diameter 0.15; MOQAW 0.40; MOQPW 0.45; CI (CL/CW) 1.40; LL:CL 4.14; STL 1.00; STW 0.90. Leg measurements: I�� 2.3 + 0.9 + 2.2 + 2.4 + 0.9 = 8.7; II�� 1.7 + 0.8 + 1.3 + 1.5 + 0.6 = 5.9; III�� 1.2 + 0.6 + 0.9 + 1.2 + 0.5 = 4.4; IV�� 1.8 + 0.8 + 1.5 + 2.1 + 0.6 = 6.8; Palp�� 0.7 + 0.3 + 0.4 + 0.7 = 2.1. Leg spines: I 0-1 p- 1 p, 0- 3 v-0, 2v- 0- 1 v; II 0-1 p- 1 p, 0, 2v- 0- 1 v; III 0-1 p 1 r- 1 p 1 r, 0- 0-1 p 1 r, 2 v 1 p- 1 p 1 r- 3 v 1 p 1 r; IV 0- 0-1 p 1 r, 0- 0-1 p 1 r, 2 v 1 p 1 r- 2 v 1 p 1 r- 3 v 1 p 1 r. Abdomen: yellowish with indistinct heartmark. Epigynum (Figs 8��9): depression wider than long, oval; copulatory openings in medial edge of depression; internally, copulatory ducts proceed anteriorly, looping in a circle before proceeding posteriorly to end in anterior part of spermathecae; copulatory ducts slightly distended in lateral part of loop; fertilization tubes enter spermathecae postero-medially. Male: unknown. Distribution. Known only from the type locality in South Africa (Fig. 52). Habitat. Open woodland., Published as part of Lotz, L. N., 2015, New Species of the Spider Genus Cheiracanthium from Continental Africa (Araneae: Eutichuridae), pp. 321-336 in Zootaxa 3973 (2) on page 324, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3973.2.7, http://zenodo.org/record/236698, {"references":["Lotz, L. N. (2007 a) The genus Cheiracanthium (Araneae: Miturgidae) in the Afrotropical Region. 1. Revision of known species. Navorsinge van die Nasionale Museum, Bloemfontein, 23, 1 - 76."]} more...
Published: 2015
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32. Cheiracanthium sansibaricum Strand 1907

Author: Lotz, L. N.
Subjects: Miturgidae, Arthropoda, Arachnida, Animalia, Araneae, Cheiracanthium sansibaricum, Cheiracanthium, Biodiversity, Taxonomy
Abstract: Cheiracanthium sansibaricum Strand, 1907 Figs 37��39 Chiracanthium sansibaricum Strand, 1907: 738; Lotz, 2007 a: 53, figs 101��104. Diagnosis. C. sansibaricum females are distinguished from those of other Cheiracanthium species by long lateral CO (see Lotz 2007 a figs 103��104); males are most similar to C. ludovici Lessert, 1921, in the thin S-shaped TA, but differ by TA being straighter (see Lotz 2007 a: figs 80��81 and Figs 38��39). Description. Females redescribed by Lotz (2007 a). Male: (n = 10): TL = 3.42 (3.0�� 3.8); CL = 1.67 (1.5��1.8); CW = 1.29 (1.2��1.4); OAL = 0.29 (0.25��0.30); OAW = 0.71 (0.65��0.80); CLL = 0.05 (0.05 �� 0.05). Chelicerae: robust with long fangs; fang furrow with five teeth of unequal size, with PMT:RMT = 2: 3 (Fig. 37). Measurements: AME��AME 0.10; AME��ALE 0.10; AME diameter 0.10; PME��PME 0.15; PME��PLE 0.15; PME diameter 0.10; MOQAW 0.30; MOQPW 0.35; CI (CL/CW) 1.23; LL:CL 6.63; STL 0.95; STW 0.80. Leg measurements: I�� 2.6 + 0.9 +3.0+3.0+ 1.1 = 10.6; II�� 1.6 + 0.7 + 1.6 + 1.6 + 0.6 = 6.1; III�� 1.2 + 0.5 +1.0+ 1.3 + 0.5 = 4.5; IV�� 1.9 + 0.7 + 1.6 + 2.2 + 0.6 = 7.0; Palp�� 0.8 + 0.3 + 0.4 + 0.8 = 2.3. Leg spines: I 0-1 p- 1 p 1 r, 0- 5 v-0, 2v- 1 v- 1 v; II 0- 0-1 p, 0- 2 v-0, 2v- 1 v- 1 v; III 0- 0-1 p 1 r, 0- 0-1 p 1 r, 2 v 1 r- 1 v 1 p 1 r- 3 v 1 p 1 r; IV 0- 0-1 p 1 r, 0- 0-1 r, 2 v 1 p 1 r- 2 v 1 p 1 r- 3 v 1 p 1 r. Abdomen: similar to female, but more elongate. Palp (Figs 38��39): cymbium elongate, twice tibia length (excluding RTA), with a straight proximally directed apophysis with a sharp apex; RTA with single sharp apex; TA sclerotized, long, thin, with sharp apex; EM long, almost encircling tegulum, ending at CON apex; CON not sclerotized but distinct. New material examined. 1 &male;, KENYA: Eastern Province, Ukazi Hill, 00�� 49 ��S, 38 �� 33 ��E, 29.XI�� 1.XII. 2010, A.H. Kirk-Spriggs (NMBA 16627); 17 &male;, 7 &female;, Tsavo, Taita Discovery Centre, 03�� 25 ��S, 38 �� 46 ��E, various dates (2000��2002), various collectors (MRAC 209548, 211525, 211553, 212941, 212946, 212983, 213071). Distribution. Widely distributed from Zanzibar in the east to Ivory Coast in the west (Fig. 55)., Published as part of Lotz, L. N., 2015, New Species of the Spider Genus Cheiracanthium from Continental Africa (Araneae: Eutichuridae), pp. 321-336 in Zootaxa 3973 (2) on pages 330-331, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3973.2.7, http://zenodo.org/record/236698, {"references":["Strand, E. (1907) Diagnosen neuer Spinnen aus Madagaskar und Sansibar. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 31, 725 - 748.","Lotz, L. N. (2007 a) The genus Cheiracanthium (Araneae: Miturgidae) in the Afrotropical Region. 1. Revision of known species. Navorsinge van die Nasionale Museum, Bloemfontein, 23, 1 - 76."]} more...
Published: 2015
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33. Cheiracanthium mayombense Lotz, 2015, sp. nov

Author: Lotz, L. N.
Subjects: Miturgidae, Arthropoda, Arachnida, Animalia, Araneae, Cheiracanthium, Biodiversity, Taxonomy, Cheiracanthium mayombense
Abstract: Cheiracanthium mayombense sp. nov. Figs 31��33 Type material. Holotype &female;, DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF CONGO: Mayombe, Lower Congo, Luki Forest Reserve, 05�� 38 ��S, 13 ��04��E, 4.XI. 2006, D. de Bakker & J.P. Michiels (MRAC 220850); Paratype: 1 &female;, same data as holotype, 13.IX. 2006 (MRAC 220848). Etymology. The species name is taken from the province of the type locality. Diagnosis. C. mayombense sp. nov. females are most similar to C. halophilum, C. ghanaense sp. nov. and C. kakumense sp. nov. in having long spiralled copulatory ducts (see Lotz, 2007 a: figs 47-48 and Figs 11 ��12, 23�� 24), but can be differentiated by the triangular epigynal depression with a hooded anterior lip (Figs 32��33). Description. Female: (n = 2): TL = 6.75 (6.6��6.9); CL = 3.05 (2.8��3.3); CW = 2.40 (2.2��2.6); OAL = 0.53 (0.50��0.55); OAW = 1.45 (1.3��1.6); CLL = 0.10 (0.1 �� 0.1). Chelicerae: robust with long fangs; fang furrow with six teeth of unequal size, PMT:RMT = 3: 3 (Fig. 31). Measurements: AME��AME 0.30; AME��ALE 0.30; AME diameter 0.15; PME��PME 0.40; PME��PLE 0.40; PME diameter 0.15; MOQAW 0.60; MOQPW 0.70; CI (CL/ CW) 1.27; LL:CL 6.15; STL 1.7; STW 1.4. Leg measurements: I�� 5.9 + 1.5 + 5.4 + 5.9 + 2.5 = 20.2; II�� 3.5 + 1.4 + 3.2 + 3.5 + 1.2 = 12.8; III�� 2.6 +1.0+ 2.1 + 2.6 + 0.9 = 9.2; IV�� 3.7 + 1.4 + 3.3 + 3.9 + 1.2 = 13.5; Palp�� 1.5 + 0.5 +1.0+ 1.5 = 4.5. Leg spines: I 0-1 p- 1 p, 0- 2 v-0, 2v- 1 v- 1 v; II 0-1 p- 1 p, 0- 2 v 1 p-0, 2v- 1 v 1 p- 1 v; III 0- 0-1 p 1 r, 0- 0-1 p 1 r, 2 v 1 p 1 r- 2 v 1 p 1 r- 3 v 1 p 1 r; IV 0- 0-1 p 1 r, 0- 0-1 r, 2 v 1 r- 2 v 1 p 1 r- 3 v 1 p 1 r. Abdomen: creamy-yellow with faint heartmark. Epigynum (Figs 32��33): depression longer than wide, triangular, with a hooded lip anteriorly; copulatory openings in lateral edge of central depressions; internally, copulatory ducts proceed anteriorly in two loops, before looping inside anterior loops posteriorly, before ending in anterio-lateral part of spermathecae; fertilization tubes enter spermathecae posterior-medially. Male: unknown. Distribution. Known only from the type locality in south-western D.R. Congo (Fig. 55). Habitat. Primary rainforest., Published as part of Lotz, L. N., 2015, New Species of the Spider Genus Cheiracanthium from Continental Africa (Araneae: Eutichuridae), pp. 321-336 in Zootaxa 3973 (2) on pages 329-330, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3973.2.7, http://zenodo.org/record/236698, {"references":["Lotz, L. N. (2007 a) The genus Cheiracanthium (Araneae: Miturgidae) in the Afrotropical Region. 1. Revision of known species. Navorsinge van die Nasionale Museum, Bloemfontein, 23, 1 - 76."]} more...
Published: 2015
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34. Cheiracanthium ghanaense Lotz, 2015, sp. nov

Author: Lotz, L. N.
Subjects: Miturgidae, Arthropoda, Arachnida, Animalia, Araneae, Cheiracanthium, Cheiracanthium ghanaense, Biodiversity, Taxonomy
Abstract: Cheiracanthium ghanaense sp. nov. Figs 10��12 Type material. Holotype &female;, GHANA: Kakum forest, 05�� 20 ��N, 01�� 23 ��W, 22.XI. 2005, R. Jocqu��, D. de Bakker & L. Baert (MRAC 218326). Etymology. The species is named after the country of the type locality. Diagnosis. C. ghanaense sp. nov. is most similar to C. halophilum Schmidt & Piepho, 1994 (see Lotz, 2007 a: figs 47��48), C. kakumense sp. nov. (Figs 23��24) and C. mayombense sp. nov. (Figs 32��33) in having long spiralled copulatory ducts, but differs by the copulatory openings being anterior of the central depression in two separate depressions (Figs 11��12). Description. Female: (n = 1): TL = 6.1; CL = 2.8; CW = 2.2; OAL = 0.5; OAW = 1.3; CLL = 0.05. Chelicerae: robust with long fangs; fang furrow with seven teeth of unequal size, PMT:RMT = 3: 4 (Fig. 10). Measurements: AME��AME 0.20; AME��ALE 0.20; AME diameter 0.15; PME��PME 0.30; PME��PLE 0.30; PME diameter 0.15; MOQAW 0.50; MOQPW 0.60; CI (CL/CW) 1.27; LL:CL 5.00; STL 1.5; STW 1.3. Leg measurements: I�� 3.6 + 1.3 + 3.5 + 3.9 + 1.7 = 14.0; II�� 2.5 + 1.1 + 2.2 + 2.5 + 0.8 = 9.1; III�� 1.6 + 0.6 + 1.2 + 1.5 + 0.7 = 5.6; IV�� 2.9 + 1.1 + 2.2 + 3.1 + 0.8 = 10.1; Palp�� 1.1 + 0.6 + 0.8 + 1.1 = 3.6. Leg spines: I 0-1 p- 1 p, 0- 2 v-0, 2v- 0- 1 v; II 0- 0-1 p, 0, 2v- 0- 1 v; III 0- 0-1 p 1 r, 0- 0-1 p 1 r, 2 v 1 r- 1 p 1 r- 3 v 1 p 1 r; IV 0- 0-1 p 1 r, 0- 0- 1 v 1 r, 2 v 1 r- 2 v 1 p 1 r- 3 v 1 p 1 r. Abdomen: creamyyellow with indistinct heartmark. Epigynum (Figs 11��12): depression wider than long, narrow transverse, and two anterior depressions separated by a septum; copulatory openings in posterior edge of anterior depressions; internally, copulatory ducts strongly contorted, proceeding laterally, then anteriorly in two loops, before looping inside anterior loops posteriorly, before ending in anterio-lateral part of spermathecae; fertilization tubes enter spermathecae posterior-medially. Male: unknown. Distribution. Known only from the type locality in Ghana (Fig. 52). Habitat. Secondary forest., Published as part of Lotz, L. N., 2015, New Species of the Spider Genus Cheiracanthium from Continental Africa (Araneae: Eutichuridae), pp. 321-336 in Zootaxa 3973 (2) on pages 324-325, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3973.2.7, http://zenodo.org/record/236698, {"references":["Lotz, L. N. (2007 a) The genus Cheiracanthium (Araneae: Miturgidae) in the Afrotropical Region. 1. Revision of known species. Navorsinge van die Nasionale Museum, Bloemfontein, 23, 1 - 76."]} more...
Published: 2015
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35. Cheiracanthium schenkeli Caporiacco 1949

Author: Lotz, L. N.
Subjects: Miturgidae, Arthropoda, Arachnida, Animalia, Araneae, Cheiracanthium schenkeli, Cheiracanthium, Biodiversity, Taxonomy
Abstract: Cheiracanthium schenkeli Caporiacco, 1949 Figs 40��42 Chiracanthium schenkeli Caporiacco, 1949: 436, figs 70; Lotz, 2007 a: 56, figs 105��108. Diagnosis. C. schenkeli females are most similar to those of C. vansoni Lawrence, 1936, in the bend in the copulatory ducts close to the spermathecae, but differ by the shape of the shorter copulatory ducts (see Lotz 2007 a figs 108, 124). Males are most similar to those of C. furculatum Karsch, 1879 and C. vansoni Lawrence, 1936, in the TA being relatively broad with a pointed and a rounded double apex, but differ from C. furculatum by the bend in the RTA apex and from C. vansoni by the straight CA (compare Lotz 2007 a: figs 39��40, 127 �� 128 and Figs 41�� 42). Description. Females redescribed by Lotz (2007 a). Male: (n = 9): TL = 4.76 (4.1 ��5.0); CL = 2.16 (1.8��2.3); CW = 1.62 (1.4��1.7); OAL = 0.33 (0.30��0.35); OAW = 0.79 (0.7��0.8); CLL = 0.05 (0.05 �� 0.05). Chelicerae: robust with long fangs; fang furrow with six teeth of unequal size, with PMT:RMT = 3: 3 (Fig. 40). Measurements: AME�� AME 0.10; AME��ALE 0.10; AME diameter 0.15; PME��PME 0.15; PME��PLE 0.15; PME diameter 0.15; MOQAW 0.40; MOQPW 0.45; CI (CL/CW) 1.35; LL:CL 5.96; STL 1.1; STW 0.9. Leg measurements: I�� 3.5 +1.0+ 3.7 +4.0+ 1.5 = 13.7; II�� 2.5 + 0.9 + 2.3 + 2.8 + 0.8 = 9.3; III�� 1.4 + 0.7 + 1.4 + 1.7 + 0.7 = 5.9; IV�� 2.7 + 0.9 + 2.3 + 3.3 + 0.8 = 10.0; Palp��1.0+ 0.3 + 0.4 + 0.9 = 2.6. Leg spines: I 0-1 p 1 r- 1 p 1 r, 2 v- 6 v- 0, 2v- 1 v- 1 v; II 0- 1 p 1 r- 1 p 1 r, 2 v- 2 v 1 p- 1 p, 2 v- 2 v 1 p- 1 v; III 0-1 p 1 r- 1 p 1 r, 2 v- 1 p 1 r- 1 p 1 r, 2 v 1 p 1 r- 2 v 1 p 1 r- 3 v 1 p 1 r; IV 0-1 p 1 r- 1 p 1 r, 2 v- 1 p 1 r- 1 p 1 r, 2 v 1 p 1 r- 4 v 1 p 1 r- 3 v 1 p 1 r. Abdomen: similar to female, but more elongate. Palp (Figs 41��42): cymbium elongate, about twice tibia length, with straight proximally directed apophysis with sharp apex, narrowing in last third before apex; RTA with single apex, widening before curving to apex; TA sclerotized, with two broad, rounded apices; one apex at 90 degrees to other apex; EM long, almost encircling tegulum, ending at CON apex; CON not sclerotized but distinct. New material examined. 1 &male;, BOTSWANA: Selkirk mine, 21 �� 19 ��S, 27 �� 42 ��E, 28.III�� 5.IV. 2008, D.H. Jacobs (NCAP); 6 &male;, SOUTH AFRICA: Limpopo, Pafuri, Wallers Camp, 22 �� 26 ��S, 30 �� 55 ��E, 14��16.II. 2008, N. Hahn (NCAP, 6 vials); 1 &male;, Limpopo, Little Leigh, 22 �� 56 ��S, 29 �� 54 ��E, 2006, F. Maanda (NCAP); 1 &male;, Limpopo, Blouberg Nature Reserve, 22 �� 59 ��S, 29 ��08��E, 2006, V. Gelebe (NCAP); 1 &male;, Limpopo, Soutpansberg, Lajuma, 23 ��02��S, 29 �� 27 ��E, 6.II. 2008, R. Lyle (NMBA 11436); 1 &female; RWANDA: Kisenyi, 01�� 42 ��S, 29 �� 16 ��E, XII. 1952, A. Bertrand (MRAC 78860). Distribution. Widely distributed on the eastern side of Africa south of the equator (Fig. 56). Habitat. Collected by sweeping and beating in savanna and Afromontane forests., Published as part of Lotz, L. N., 2015, New Species of the Spider Genus Cheiracanthium from Continental Africa (Araneae: Eutichuridae), pp. 321-336 in Zootaxa 3973 (2) on page 332, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3973.2.7, http://zenodo.org/record/236698, {"references":["Lotz, L. N. (2007 a) The genus Cheiracanthium (Araneae: Miturgidae) in the Afrotropical Region. 1. Revision of known species. Navorsinge van die Nasionale Museum, Bloemfontein, 23, 1 - 76."]} more...
Published: 2015
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36. Cheiracanthium tanzanense Lotz, 2015, sp. nov

Author: Lotz, L. N.
Subjects: Miturgidae, Arthropoda, Arachnida, Animalia, Araneae, Cheiracanthium, Biodiversity, Taxonomy, Cheiracanthium tanzanense
Abstract: Cheiracanthium tanzanense sp. nov. Figs 49��51 Type material. Holotype &male;, TANZANIA: Bunduki, Uluguru Mountains, Mgeta, 07��02��S, 37 �� 38 ��E, 30.IV�� 2.V. 1957, P. Basilewsky & N. Leleup (MRAC 111888); Paratype: 1 &male;, Mazumbai National Forest Reserve, west Usambara Mountains, 04�� 45 ��S, 38 �� 30 ��E, V. 1969, K.M. Howell (MRAC 147252). Etymology. The name is derived from the country name, Tanzania, from which both specimens were collected. Diagnosis. C. tanzanense sp. nov. is most similar to C. leucophaeum Simon, 1897, in the tapering almost Sshaped TA and the relatively short CA (see Lotz, 2007 a: figs 76��77), but differs by the bent TA apex bending toward the CON and by the RTA being broader and the CA being longer (Figs 50��51). Description. Male: (n = 2): TL = 5.10 (4.7��5.5); CL = 2.30 (2.1��2.5); CW = 1.85 (1.8��1.9); OAL = 0.40 (0.4 �� 0.4); OAW = 0.83 (0.80��0.85); CLL = 0.05 (0.05 �� 0.05). Chelicerae: robust with long fangs; fang furrow with six teeth of unequal size, with PMT:RMT = 3: 3 (Fig. 49). Measurements: AME��AME 0.10; AME��ALE 0.10; AME diameter 0.15; PME��PME 0.15; PME��PLE 0.10; PME diameter 0.15; MOQAW 0.40; MOQPW 0.45; CI (CL/ CW) 1.32; LL:CL 5.24; STL 1.2; STW 1.0. Leg measurements: I�� 3.5 + 1.1 + 3.1 + 3.8 + 1.6 = 13.1; II�� 2.7 +1.0+ 2.4 + 2.7 + 0.8 = 9.6; III�� 2.1 + 0.8 + 1.6 + 2.3 + 0.7 = 7.5; IV��3.0+1.0+ 2.6 + 3.4 + 0.8 = 10.8; Palp�� 1.1 + 0.4 + 0.5 + 1.2 = 3.2. Leg spines: I 0-1 p-0, 2v- 3 v- 0, 2v- 1 v- 1 v; II 0- 0-1 p, 2 v- 2 v- 1 p, 2 v- 2 v 1 p- 1 v; III 0-1 p 1 r- 1 p 1 r, 1 v 1 p- 1 v 1 p 1 r, 2 v 1 p 1 r- 1 v 1 p 1 r- 3 v 1 p 1 r; IV 0-1 p 1 r- 1 p 1 r, 2 v 1 r- 1 v 1 p 1 r- 1 p 1 r, 2 v 1 p 1 r- 2 v 1 p 1 r- 3 v 1 p 1 r. Abdomen: creamy-yellow with a slight heartmark. Palp (Figs 50-51): cymbium elongate, more than twice tibia length (excluding RTA), with apophysis pointing proximally; RTA broad, with double point at apex; a short thick spine dorsal on tibia; TA sclerotized, long, tapering to a point at apex; EM long, almost encircling tegulum, ending at CON apex; CON not sclerotized but distinct. Female: unknown. Distribution. Found at two localities in Tanzania (Fig. 57). Habitat. Forests., Published as part of Lotz, L. N., 2015, New Species of the Spider Genus Cheiracanthium from Continental Africa (Araneae: Eutichuridae), pp. 321-336 in Zootaxa 3973 (2) on page 333, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3973.2.7, http://zenodo.org/record/236698, {"references":["Lotz, L. N. (2007 a) The genus Cheiracanthium (Araneae: Miturgidae) in the Afrotropical Region. 1. Revision of known species. Navorsinge van die Nasionale Museum, Bloemfontein, 23, 1 - 76."]} more...
Published: 2015
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37. Cheiracanthium shilabira Lotz, 2015, sp. nov

Author: Lotz, L. N.
Subjects: Miturgidae, Arthropoda, Arachnida, Animalia, Araneae, Cheiracanthium, Biodiversity, Cheiracanthium shilabira, Taxonomy
Abstract: Cheiracanthium shilabira sp. nov. Figs 43��48 Type material. Holotype &female;, KENYA: Kakamega Forest, Ileo, 00�� 13 ��N, 34 �� 54 ��E, 31.VIII. 2002, D. Shilabira Smith (MRAC 220234); Paratypes: &male;, Kakamega Forest, 00�� 13 ��N, 34 �� 54 ��E, 20.IV. 2000, D. Shilabira Smith (MRAC 220506); 1 &male;, 1 &female;, Kakamega Forest, 00�� 13 ��N, 34 �� 54 ��E, 3��10.II. 2002, D. Shilabira Smith (MRAC 212628); 1 &male;, Kakamega Forest, near Guarry, 00�� 13 ��N, 34 �� 54 ��E, 3.I. 2001, D. Shilabira Smith (MRAC 212716); 1 &female;, Kakamega Forest, Lirhanda hills, 00�� 13 ��N, 34 �� 54 ��E, 3.VIII. 2002, D. Shilabira Smith (MRAC 220490); 1 &female;, DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF CONGO: Mongbwalu, 01�� 57 ��N, 30 ��02��E, VIII. 1937, Mme. Scheitz (MRAC 22941); 1 &female;, Mboa, Beni-Irumu-Bunia road, Mutembo plains, 00�� 38 ��S, 29 �� 30 ��E, XII. 1973 �� I. 1974, M. Lejeune (MRAC 158778). Etymology. The species is a noun in apposition for the collector of the holotype, D. Shilabira Smith. Diagnosis. C. shilabira sp. nov. females are most similar to those of C. boendense sp. nov. (Fig. 3) and C. peregrinum Thorell, 1899 (see Lotz 2007 a: fig. 96) in having two pockets in the anterior edge of the epigynal depression, but differ from these species by the bend in the copulatory ducts before they enter the spermathecae (Figs 45); Males differ from other Afrotropical species of Cheiracanthium by the thumb��s-up shape of the TA (Fig. 47). Description. Female: (n = 5): TL = 8.22 (7.5��8.8); CL = 3.40 (3.0�� 3.6); CW = 2.50 (2.2��2.7); OAL = 0.53 (0.45��0.60); OAW = 1.42 (1.3��1.5); CLL = 0.09 (0.08��0.10). Chelicerae: robust with long fangs; fang furrow with six teeth of unequal size, PMT:RMT = 3: 3 (Fig. 43). Measurements: AME��AME 0.20; AME��ALE 0.30; AME diameter 0.20; PME��PME 0.35; PME��PLE 0.35; PME diameter 0.15; MOQAW 0.60; MOQPW 0.65; CI (CL/ CW) 1.26; LL:CL 4.15; STL 1.7; STW 1.5. Leg measurements: I�� 3.8 + 1.4 + 3.5 + 3.9 + 1.5 = 14.1; II�� 3.1 + 1.3 + 2.6 +3.0+ 1.1 = 11.1; III�� 2.4 +1.0+ 1.7 + 1.9 + 0.9 = 7.9; IV�� 3.2 + 1.3 + 2.6 + 3.6 + 1.1 = 11.8; Palp�� 1.4 + 0.6 + 0.9 + 1.4 = 4.3. Leg spines: I 0- 0-1 p, 0, 2v- 0- 1 v; II 0- 0-1 p, 0, 2v- 0- 1 v; III 0-1 p 1 r- 1 p 1 r, 0- 0-1 p 1 r, 1 v- 1 p 1 r- 3 v 1 p 1 r; IV 0- 0-1 r, 0- 0-1 r, 2 v- 1 v 1 p 1 r- 3 v 1 p 1 r. Abdomen: creamy-yellow with faint heartmark. Epigynum (Figs 44�� 45): wider than long, with broad central depression; copulatory openings posterio-medially in depression; internally, copulatory tubes proceed laterally, then anteriorly, curving medially before turning posteriorly, then medially after a small bend, to end laterally in spermathecae; fertilization tubes enter spermathecae anteriomedially. Male: (n = 3): TL = 7.33 (7.2��7.5); CL = 3.27 (3.1��3.5); CW = 2.57 (2.5��2.7); OAL = 0.52 (0.50��0.55); OAW = 1.23 (1.2��1.3); CLL = 0.10 (0.1 �� 0.1). Chelicerae: similar to female, except longer, with PMT:RMT = 3: 3 (Fig. 46). Measurements: AME��AME 0.15; AME��ALE 0.20; AME diameter 0.20; PME��PME 0.20; PME��PLE 0.25; PME diameter 0.20; MOQAW 0.55; MOQPW 0.60; CI (CL/CW) 1.24; LL:CL 6.00; STL 1.5; STW 1.3. Leg measurements: I�� 4.7 + 1.4 + 5.1 + 5.4 +2.0 = 18.6; II�� 3.6 + 1.2 + 3.5 +4.0+ 1.4 = 13.7; III �� 2.7 + 1.1 + 2.2 + 3.2 + 1.1 = 10.3; IV�� 3.8 + 1.2 + 3.4 + 4.5 + 1.3 = 14.2; Palp�� 1.6 + 0.6 + 0.9 + 1.5 = 4.6. Leg spines: I 0-1 p- 1 p 1 r, 1 v- 6 v- 0, 2v- 0- 1 v; II 0-1 p 1 r- 1 p 1 r, 1 v- 0-1 p, 2 v- 0- 1 v; III 0-1 p 1 r- 1 p 1 r, 0- 0-1 p 1 r, 2 v- 1 v 1 p 1 r- 3 v 1 p 1 r; IV 0-1 p 1 r- 1 p 1 r, 0-1 r- 1 p 1 r, 2 v 1 r- 7 v 1 p 1 r- 3 v 1 p 1 r. Abdomen: slightly more elongate than female. Palp (Figs 47��48): cymbium elongate, equal to tibia plus patella length, with apophysis that points proximally, with single point at apex; RTA ending with two points at apex, one sharp and one rounded, the sharp apex is not seen from the retro-lateral side; TA sclerotized, shaped like a ��thumb��s-up�� sign; EM long, almost encircling tegulum, ending at CON apex; CON not sclerotized but distinct. Distribution. Found in the central part of equatorial Africa (Fig. 57). Habitat. Collected by Malaise and pitfall traps in forests., Published as part of Lotz, L. N., 2015, New Species of the Spider Genus Cheiracanthium from Continental Africa (Araneae: Eutichuridae), pp. 321-336 in Zootaxa 3973 (2) on pages 332-333, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3973.2.7, http://zenodo.org/record/236698, {"references":["Lotz, L. N. (2007 a) The genus Cheiracanthium (Araneae: Miturgidae) in the Afrotropical Region. 1. Revision of known species. Navorsinge van die Nasionale Museum, Bloemfontein, 23, 1 - 76."]} more...
Published: 2015
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38. Cheiracanthium elegans Thorell 1875

Author: Isaia, Marco, Paschetta, Mauro, and Chiarle, Alberto
Subjects: Miturgidae, Arthropoda, Arachnida, Animalia, Araneae, Cheiracanthium, Cheiracanthium elegans, Biodiversity, Taxonomy
Abstract: Cheiracanthium elegans Thorell, 1875 NEW DATA. — Entracque: Tetti Violin, grassland with bushes, 900-1100 m, 10.VI.2011, 1♀ (collected within the PIT Summer School 2011). CHOROTYPE. — ASE. MACROHABITAT. — Shrublands. NOTES. — New record for the study area., Published as part of Isaia, Marco, Paschetta, Mauro & Chiarle, Alberto, 2015, Annotated checklist of the spiders (Arachnida, Araneae) of the Site of Community Importance and Special Area of Conservation " Alpi Marittime " (NW Italy), pp. 57-114 in Zoosystema 37 (1) on page 92, DOI: 10.5252/z2015n1a4, http://zenodo.org/record/4577680 more...
Published: 2015
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39. Cheiracanthium erraticum Walckenaer 1802

Author: Isaia, Marco, Paschetta, Mauro, and Chiarle, Alberto
Subjects: Miturgidae, Arthropoda, Arachnida, Animalia, Araneae, Cheiracanthium erraticum, Cheiracanthium, Biodiversity, Taxonomy
Abstract: Cheiracanthium erraticum (Walckenaer, 1802) NEW DATA. — Entracque: Tetti Violin, grassland with bushes, 900-1100 m, 9.VI.2011, 1♀ (collected within the PIT Summer School 2011). CHOROTYPE. — PAL. MACROHABITAT. — Shrublands. NOTES. — New record for the study area., Published as part of Isaia, Marco, Paschetta, Mauro & Chiarle, Alberto, 2015, Annotated checklist of the spiders (Arachnida, Araneae) of the Site of Community Importance and Special Area of Conservation " Alpi Marittime " (NW Italy), pp. 57-114 in Zoosystema 37 (1) on page 92, DOI: 10.5252/z2015n1a4, http://zenodo.org/record/4577680 more...
Published: 2015
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40. Cheiracanthium griswoldi Lotz, 2014, sp. nov

Author: Lotz, L. N.
Subjects: Miturgidae, Arthropoda, Arachnida, Cheiracanthium griswoldi, Animalia, Araneae, Cheiracanthium, Biodiversity, Taxonomy
Abstract: Cheiracanthium griswoldi sp. nov. Figs 57 ��58, 67�� 72 Type material from Madagascar: Holotype &male;, Toliara, For��t de Tsinjoriaky, 6.2 km 84 ��E Tsifota, 22 �� 48 ��08��S, 43 �� 25 �� 14 ��E, 6��10.III. 2002, Fisher & Griswold, et al. (CASC 9012961). Paratypes: (allotype) &female;, same data as holotype (CASC 9013070); 1 &female;, same data as holotype (CASC 9013039); 5 &male; 6 &female;, Toliara, Park National de Tsimanampetsotsa, For��t de Bemanateza, 20.7 km 81 ��E Efoetse, 23 km 131 ��SE Beheloka, 23 �� 59 �� 32 ��S, 43 �� 52 �� 50 ��E, 22��26.III. 2002, Fisher & Griswold, et al. (CASC 9000429, 9000440, 9013467, 9014097); 7 &male;, Toliara, For��t de Beroboka, 5.9 km 131 ��SE Ankidranoka, 22 �� 13 �� 59 ��S, 43 �� 21 �� 59 ��E, 12��16.III. 2002, Fisher & Griswold, et al. (CASC 9004949, 9014333, 9014364); 1 &male; 1 &female;, Toliara, R��serve Sp��ciale de Cap Sante Marie, 14.9 km 261 ��W Marovato, 25 �� 35 �� 40 ��S, 45 ��08�� 49 ��E, 13��19.II. 2002, Fisher & Griswold, et al. (CASC 9012806); 1 &male;, Tulear, Mikea forest, 22 �� 54 �� 22 ��S, 43 �� 28 �� 53 ��E, 17��28.I. 2002, R. Harin��Hala (CASC 9010461); 1 &male;, Fianarantsoa, Vohiparara, broken bridge, 21 �� 13 �� 57 ��S, 47 �� 22 �� 19 ��E, 22��28.XI. 2001, R. Harin��Hala (CASC 9010496). Etymology. The name is a patronym in honour of Charles Griswold, one of the collectors of many of the type specimens. Diagnosis. C. griswoldi sp. nov. is similar to C. ampijoroa sp. nov., C. andranomay sp. nov., C. ambrense sp. nov., C. anjozorobe sp. nov., C. ashleyi sp. nov., C. fisheri sp. nov. and C. rothi sp. nov. in the dumbbell-shaped spermathecae and the U-shaped CA. In C. griswoldi sp. nov. and C. fisheri sp. nov. the copulatory ducts proceed anteriorly, posteriorly and then anteriorly. C. griswoldi sp. nov. is separated from C. fisheri sp. nov. by the copulatory ducts being longer (compare Figs 45 and 69). Males of C. griswoldi sp. nov. can be separated from the aforementioned species by the shape of the CA, which is evenly broad over most of its length (Figs 71��72). Description. Female: (n = 9): TL = 5.40 (4.5 ��7.0); CL = 2.34 (2.0�� 2.8); CW = 1.76 (1.5��1.9); OAL = 0.30 (0.25��0.40); OAW = 1.06 (0.95��1.20); CLL = 0.07 (0.05��0.10). Chelicerae: robust with long fangs; cheliceral fang furrow with six teeth of unequal size, PMT:RMT = 3: 3 (Fig. 67). Measurements: AME��AME 0.10; AME��ALE 0.25; AME diameter 0.15; PME��PME 0.20; PME��PLE 0.25; PME diameter 0.15; MOQAW 0.40; MOQPW 0.50; CI (CL/CW) 1.47; LL:CL 4.93; STL 1.3; STW 1.05. Leg measurements: I�� 3.5 + 1.1 + 3.8 + 3.8 + 1.6 = 13.8; II�� 2.1 + 0.9 +2.0+ 3.1 + 0.7 = 8.8; III�� 1.6 + 0.7 + 1.2 + 1.6 + 0.6 = 5.7; IV�� 2.5 +1.0+ 2.1 + 2.5 + 0.7 = 8.8; palp�� 1.1 + 0.45 + 0.7 + 1.1 = 3.35. Leg spines: I 0-1 p- 1 p, 1 v- 2 v- 0, 2v- 2 v- 1 v; II 0-1 p- 1 p, 0- 0-1 v 1 p, 2 v- 2 v- 1 v; III 0- 1 p- 1 p 1 r, 0- 0-1 p 1 r, 2 v- 2 v 1 p 1 r- 3 v 1 p 1 r; IV 0- 0-1 p 1 r, 0- 0-1 r, 2 v- 2 v 1 p 1 r- 3 v 1 p 1 r. Abdomen (Fig. 57): white-yellow with a heartmark. Epigynum (Figs 68��69): wider than long with two depressions separated by a septum; copulatory openings situated medially in the depressions; posterior, on the epigastric fold, is an oval opening into which the fertilization ducts open; internally, copulatory ducts proceed anterio-laterally, curving posteriorly before turning anteromedially to end anteriorly in the dumbbell-shaped spermathecae; fertilization ducts exit spermathecae posteromedially. Male: (n = 10): TL = 4.71 (3.2��5.8); CL = 2.08 (1.5��2.3); CW = 1.54 (1.1��1.7); OAL = 0.30 (0.25��0.35); OAW = 0.85 (0.65��0.9); CLL = 0.05 (0.05 �� 0.05). Chelicerae: similar to female, except with PMT:RMT = 3: 3��5, but mostly 3: 3 (Fig. 70). Measurements: AME��AME 0.10; AME��ALE 0.15; AME diameter 0.15; PME��PME 0.15; PME��PLE 0.20; PME diameter 0.15; MOQAW 0.35; MOQPW 0.40; CI (CL/CW) 1.38; LL:CL 7.68; STL 1.2; STW 0.9. Leg measurements: I�� 4.1 +1.0+ 4.8 +5.0+2.0 = 16.9; II�� 2.4 + 0.8 + 2.5 + 2.6 + 0.9 = 9.2; III�� 1.7 + 0.7 + 1.4 + 1.9 + 0.6 = 6.3; IV�� 2.6 + 0.8 + 2.4 + 2.9 + 0.9 = 9.6; palp�� 1.3 + 0.4 + 0.7 +1.0 = 3.4. Leg spines: I 0- 1 p- 1 p, 2 v- 2 v- 0, 2v- 2 v- 1 v; II 0-1 p- 1 p, 1 v- 2 v 1 p-0, 2v- 2 v 1 p- 1 v; III 0- 0-1 p 1 r, 0- 0-1 p 1 r, 2 v- 2 v 1 p 1 r- 3 v 1 p 1 r; IV 0- 0- 1 p 1 r, 0- 0-1 p 1 r, 2 v- 2 v 1 p 1 r- 3 v 1 p 1 r. Abdomen (Fig. 58): slightly more elongate than female. Palp (Figs 71��72): cymbium elongate, slightly shorter than or nearly equal to tibia plus patella length, with a long, proximally curled; apophysis that is about equally broad over its length; RTA with two points at apex; TA unsclerotized, long and bent at apex; EM long, almost encircling tegulum, ending at CON apex; CON unsclerotised but distinct. Distribution. Mostly found in the south-western parts of Madagascar, with one locality in the east (Fig. 52). Habitat. Mostly spiny forest/thicket and dry tropical forest, but also found in rainforest., Published as part of Lotz, L. N., 2014, New species of Cheiracanthium (Araneae: Eutichuridae) from Madagascar and the Comoros Islands, pp. 301-332 in Zootaxa 3857 (3) on pages 318-319, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3857.3.1, http://zenodo.org/record/225808 more...
Published: 2014
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41. New species of Cheiracanthium (Araneae: Eutichuridae) from Madagascar and the Comoros Islands

Author: L. N. Lotz
Subjects: Male, Female circumcision, Internal genitalia, Eutichuridae, Arthropoda, Zoology, Biology, Comoros, Arachnida, Madagascar, Animals, Body Size, Animalia, Ecosystem, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Taxonomy, Islands, Animal Structures, Spiders, Cheiracanthium, Organ Size, Biodiversity, biology.organism_classification, Miturgidae, Araneae, Female, Animal Science and Zoology, Taxonomy (biology), Animal Distribution
Abstract: The Afrotropical representatives of the spider genus Cheiracanthium C.L. Koch, 1839 from Madagascar and the Comoros Islands are revised, and new species are described. Five described species are recognized: C. africanum Lessert, 1921, C. furculatum Karsch, 1879, C. insulare (Vinson, 1863), C. leucophaeum Simon, 1896, and C. ludovici Lessert, 1921. The internal genitalia of the female of C. insulare, and the female of C. ludovici, are described for the first time. Thirteen new species, C. ambrense sp. nov. (♂♀), C. ampijoroa sp. nov. (♀), C. andranomay sp. nov. (♀), C. anjozorobe sp. nov. (♂♀), C. ashleyi sp. nov. (♂♀), C. fisheri sp. nov. (♂♀), C. foulpointense sp. nov. (♂♀), C. griswoldi sp. nov. (♂♀), C. jocquei sp. nov. (♂♀), C. madagascarense sp. nov. (♂♀), C. mahajanga sp. nov. (♀), C. ransoni sp. nov. (♂♀) and C. rothi sp. nov. (♂♀), are described. In most of the endemic Madagascan species the female genital depression is divided by a central septum and the male cymbial apophysis is bent distally. more...
Published: 2014

42. Cheiracanthium furculatum Karsch 1879

Author: Lotz, L. N.
Subjects: Miturgidae, Arthropoda, Arachnida, Animalia, Araneae, Cheiracanthium, Biodiversity, Cheiracanthium furculatum, Taxonomy
Abstract: Cheiracanthium furculatum Karsch, 1879 Cheiracanthium furculatum Karsch, 1879: 342. Lotz, 2007 a: 21, figs 33-40; Cheiracanthium geniculosum Simon, 1885: 380; Synonomyzed by Lotz, 2007 a: 21. Cheiracanthium abyssinicum Strand, 1906: 633; Synonomyzed by Lotz, 2007 a: 21. Cheiracanthium kiwunum Strand, 1915: 83; Synonomyzed by Lotz, 2007 a: 21. Cheiracanthium mohasicum Strand, 1915: 85; Synonomyzed by Lotz, 2007 a: 21. Cheiracanthium hoggi Lessert, 1921: 409, figs 39-40; Lessert, 1936: 275; Roewer, 1954: 483; Synonomyzed by Lotz, 2007 a: 21. Cheiracanthium castum Lawrence, 1927: 44, pl. 3, fig. 70; Roewer 1954: 483; Synonomyzed by Lotz, 2007 a: 21. Cheiracanthium lawrencei Roewer, 1951: 444 (replacement name for inornatum Lawrence, 1927); Roewer, 1954: 484, 1442; Synonomyzed by Lotz, 2007 a: 21. Cheiracanthium melanostomellum Roewer, 1951: 444 (replacement name for melanostoma Simon, 1910, name preoccupied, Thorell 1895); Roewer, 1954: 484, 1442; Synonomyzed by Lotz, 2007 a: 21. Cheiracanthium melanostomellum caboverdense Schmidt & Piepho, in Schmidt, Geisthard & Piepho, 1994: 107, fig. 40; Synonomyzed by Lotz, 2007 a: 21. Diagnosis. C. furculatum is differentiated by the shape of the epigynum and by the shape of the copulatory tubes, the tegular, tibial and cymbial apophyses (Lotz 2007 a: figs 35 -36, 39). Description. See Lotz (2007 a) for description and illustrations of both sexes. New records from material examined: MADAGASCAR: Ampasikibo, south-east, 22 �� 32 ��S, 43 �� 38 ��E, I��IV. 1997, F. Kuklinski (MRAC 206625). Distribution. Well represented throughout continental Africa, also present on Cape Verde, Comores and one locality on Madagascar (Fig. 51). Habitat. This is the most widely distributed Afrotropical species of Cheiracanthium and it has been collected from almost all terrestrial habitats, except habitats such as deserts and caves. These spiders are also synanthropic and their bite causes most of the reported spider-bite cases in South Africa., Published as part of Lotz, L. N., 2014, New species of Cheiracanthium (Araneae: Eutichuridae) from Madagascar and the Comoros Islands, pp. 301-332 in Zootaxa 3857 (3) on pages 317-318, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3857.3.1, http://zenodo.org/record/225808, {"references":["Karsch, F. (1879) Westafrikanische Arachniden, gesammelt von Herrn Stabsarzt Dr. Falkenstein. Zeitschrift fur die Gesamte Naturwissenschaft, 52, 329 - 373.","Lotz, L. N. (2007 a) The genus Cheiracanthium (Araneae: Miturgidae) in the Afrotropical Region. 1. Revision of known species. Navorsinge van die Nasionale Museum, Bloemfontein, 23, 1 - 76.","Simon, E. (1885) Etudes arachnologiques. 18 e Memoire. XXVI. Materiaux pour servir a la faune des Arachnides du Senegal. (Suivi d'une appendice intitule: Descriptions de plusieurs especes africaines nouvelles). Annales de la Societe Entomologique de France, Series 6, 5, 345 - 396.","Strand, E. (1906) Diagnosen nordafrikanischer, hauptsachlich von Carlo Freiherr von Erlanger gesammelter Spinnen. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 30, 604 - 637, 655 - 690.","Strand, E. (1915) Zentralafrikanische Clubioniden. (Wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse der Deutschen Zentral Afrika Expedition 1907 - 1908 unter Fuhrung Adolf Friedrichs, Herzogs zu Mecklenberg.). Archiv fur Naturgeschichte, 81 A (11), 79 - 98.","Roewer, C. F. (1954) Katalog der Araneae von 1758 bis 1940, bzw. 1954. Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique, Bruxelles, 2 a - b, 1 - 1751.","Lawrence, R. F. (1927) Contributions to a knowledge of the fauna of South-West Africa V. Arachnida (Part 1). Annals of the South African Museum, 25, 1 - 75.","Roewer, C. F. (1951) Neue Namen einiger Araneen-Arten. Abhandlungen der Naturwissenschaftlichen Verein zu Bremen, 32, 437 - 456.","Simon, E. (1910) Arachnides recueillis par L. Fea sur la cote occidentale d'Afrique. 2 e partie. Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova, 44, 335 - 449.","Schmidt, G., Geisthardt, M. & Piepho, F. (1994) Zur kenntnis der spinnenfauna der Kapverdischen Inseln (Arachnida: Araneida). Mitteilungen des Internationaler Entomologischer Vereins, 19, 81 - 126."]} more...
Published: 2014
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43. Cheiracanthium mahajanga Lotz, 2014, sp. nov

Author: Lotz, L. N.
Subjects: Miturgidae, Arthropoda, Cheiracanthium mahajanga, Arachnida, Animalia, Araneae, Cheiracanthium, Biodiversity, Taxonomy
Abstract: Cheiracanthium mahajanga sp. nov. Figs 84, 94�� 96 Type material from Madagascar: Holotype &female;, Mahajanga, R��serve d��Ankoririka, 10.6 km 13 ��NE Tsaramandroso, 16 �� 16 ��02��S, 46 ��02�� 55 ��E, 9��14.IV. 2001, J.J. Rafanomezantsoa (CASC 9006366). Paratype: 1 &female;, Toliara, For��t de Beroboka, 5.9 km 131 ��SE Ankidranoka, 22 �� 13 �� 59 ��S, 43 �� 21 �� 59 ��E, 12��16.III. 2002, B.L. Fisher, et al. (CASC 9014364). Etymology. The name is a noun in apposition of the type locality. Diagnosis. Females of C. mahajanga sp. nov. are differentiated by the knotted shape of the copulatory ducts (Fig. 96). Male unknown. Description. Female: (n = 2): TL = 5.15 (5.0�� 5.3); CL = 2.15 (2.0�� 2.3); CW = 1.65 (1.6��1.7); OAL = 0.30 (0.3 �� 0.3); OAW = 0.95 (0.9 ��1.0); CLL = 0.05 (0.05 �� 0.05). Chelicerae: robust with long fangs; cheliceral fang furrow with five teeth of unequal size, PMT:RMT = 2: 3 (Fig. 94). Measurements: AME��AME 0.10; AME��ALE 0.10; AME diameter 0.15; PME��PME 0.15; PME��PLE 0.15; PME diameter 0.15; MOQAW 0.40; MOQPW 0.45; CI (CL/CW) 1.25; LL:CL 4.95; STL 1.05; STW 0.90. Leg measurements: I�� 2.6 + 0.9 + 2.5 + 2.7 + 1.2 = 9.9; II��2.0+ 0.8 + 1.7 + 1.8 + 0.7 = 7.0; III�� 1.4 + 0.7 + 1.1 + 1.5 + 0.6 = 5.3; IV�� 2.1 + 0.8 + 1.8 + 2.2 + 0.7 = 7.6; palp�� 0.9 + 0.3 + 0.6 + 0.9 = 2.7. Leg spines: I 0-1 p-0, - 1 v- 0, 2v- 0- 1 v; II 0- 0-1 p, 0, 2v - 0- 1 v; III 0- 0-1 p 1 r, 0-1 p 1 r-0, 2 v 1 p 1 r- 0-3 v 1 p 1 r; IV 0, 0- 0-1 r, 2 v 1 p 1 r- 2 v- 3 v 1 p 1 r. Abdomen (Fig. 84): creamy-yellow with indistinct heartmark. Epigynum (Figs 95�� 96): wider than long, with a transverse subtriangular central depression; copulatory openings in lateral edges of depression; internally, copulatory ducts proceed anterolaterally, curving around anterior part of spermathecae before ending anteriorly; fertilization ducts exit spermathecae posteromedially. Male: unknown. Distribution. Only known from two localities in western Madagascar (Fig. 116). Habitat. Collected in tropical dry forest., Published as part of Lotz, L. N., 2014, New species of Cheiracanthium (Araneae: Eutichuridae) from Madagascar and the Comoros Islands, pp. 301-332 in Zootaxa 3857 (3) on pages 325-326, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3857.3.1, http://zenodo.org/record/225808 more...
Published: 2014
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44. Cheiracanthium ransoni Lotz, 2014, sp. nov

Author: Lotz, L. N.
Subjects: Miturgidae, Arthropoda, Arachnida, Cheiracanthium ransoni, Animalia, Araneae, Cheiracanthium, Biodiversity, Taxonomy
Abstract: Cheiracanthium ransoni sp. nov. Figs 97�� 98, 101�� 106 Type material from Madagascar: Holotype &male;, Massif Andringitra, 22 �� 20 ��S, 46 �� 55 ��E, X. 1971, B. Ranson (MRAC 142897). Paratypes: (allotype) &female;, Antananarivo, 3 km 41 ��NE Andranomay, 11.5 km 147 ��SSE Anjozorobe, 18 �� 28 �� 24 ��S, 47 �� 57 �� 36 ��E, 5��13.XII. 2000, C.E. Griswold, et al. (CASC 9004390); 2 &male;, same data as holotype (MRAC 142897); 11 &male; 3 &female;, same data as allotype (CASC 9002950, 9003905, 9004026, 9004390, 9004391, 9006605); 7 &male;, Antsiranana, Montagne des Franqais, 7.2 km 142 ��SE Antsiranana (= Diego Suarez), 12 �� 19 �� 22 ��S, 49 �� 20 �� 17 ��E, II. 2001, various collectors (CASC 9002223, 9007184); 3 &male; 2 &female;, Antsiranana, Park National Montagne d��Ambre, 12 �� 35 �� 47 ��S, 49 ��09�� 34 ��E, 2��7.II. 2001, various collectors (CASC 9004497, 9006920); 1 &male;, Antananarivo, R��serve Sp��ciale d��Ambohitantely, For��t d��Ambohitantely, 20.9 km 72 ��NE d��Ankuzobe, 18 �� 13 �� 31 ��S, 47 �� 17 �� 13 ��E, 17��22.IV. 2001, Fisher & Griswold, et al. (CASC 9008037); 1 &male;, Fianarantsoa, Vohiparara, broken bridge, 21 �� 13.57 ��S, 47 �� 22.19 ��E, 22��28.XI. 2001, R. Harin��Hala (CASC 9010497); 2 &male;, Fianarantsoa, Ranomafana, Belle vue, 21 �� 15.99 ��S, 47 �� 25.21 ��E, IV. 2002, R. Harin��Hala (CASC 9010660, 9010670); 1 &male;, Fianarantsoa, Ranomafana, Radio tower, 21 �� 15.05 ��S, 47 �� 24.43 ��E, 21��24.XII. 2001, R. Harin��Hala (CASC 9010799). Etymology. The name is a patronym in honour of the collector of the holotype, B. Ranson. Diagnosis. C. ransoni sp. nov. is similar to C. leucopheaum, in the two parts of the female spermathecae being next to each other and the short CA and RTA of the males, but is differentiated from C. leucophaeum by the tube between the two parts of the female spermathecae being straight and not U-shaped (compare Fig. 103 with fig. 73 in Lotz 2007 a). Males are differentiated by the short RTA with a single pointed apex and the CA being slightly longer and more U-shaped (Figs 105��106). Description. Female: (n = 3): TL = 6.77 (6.4��7.4); CL = 2.90 (2.6��3.3); CW = 2.03 (2.0�� 2.1); OAL = 0.33 (0.30��0.35); OAW = 1.30 (1.3 �� 1.3); CLL = 0.10 (0.10 �� 0.10). Chelicerae: robust with long fangs; cheliceral fang furrow with six teeth of unequal size, PMT:RMT = 3: 3 (Fig. 101). Measurements: AME��AME 0.20; AME��ALE 0.20; AME diameter 0.15; PME��PME 0.25; PME��PLE 0.25; PME diameter 0.15; MOQAW 0.50; MOQPW 0.55; CI (CL/CW) 1.57; LL:CL 2.94; STL 1.3; STW 1.2. Leg measurements: I�� 2.5 +1.0+ 2.5 + 2.6 + 1.1 = 9.7; II��2.0+1.0+ 1.6 + 1.9 + 0.8 = 7.3; III�� 1.6 + 0.9 + 1.1 + 1.5 + 0.6 = 5.7; IV�� 2.3 +1.0+ 1.8 + 2.2 + 0.8 = 8.1; palp��1.0+ 0.4 + 0.6 + 0.9 = 2.9. Leg spines: I 0- 0-1 p, 2 v- 2 v- 0, 2v- 2 v 1 p 1 r- 2 v; II 0-1 p- 1 p, 0-1 v 1 p-0, 2v- 2 v 1 p 1 r- 3 v; III 0-1 p- 1 p 1 r, 0-1 p 1 r-0, 2v- 2 v 1 p 1 r- 3 v 1 p 1 r; IV 0- 0-1 p 1 r, 1 r- 0-1 p 1 r, 2 v- 2 v 1 p 1 r- 3 v 1 p 1 r. Abdomen (Fig. 97): creamy-yellow with a slight heartmark. Epigynum (Figs 102��103): wider than long, with two depressions separated by a broad median septum; copulatory openings situated in anterior sides of depressions; internally, short copulatory ducts proceed laterally to end medially in compact dumbbell-shaped spermathecae; fertilization ducts exit spermathecae posteromedially. Male: (n = 10): TL = 5.77 (4.4 ��7.0); CL = 2.56 (1.9��3.1); CW = 1.93 (1.4��2.4); OAL = 0.36 (0.25��0.50); OAW = 1.19 (0.7��1.6); CLL = 0.84 (0.05��0.10). Chelicerae: similar to female, except longer and with PMT:RMT = 1��4: 3��5 (Fig. 104). Measurements: AME��AME 0.20; AME��ALE 0.35; AME diameter 0.20; PME��PME 0.30; PME��PLE 0.40; PME diameter 0.17; MOQAW 0.60; MOQPW 0.64; CI (CL/CW) 1.29; LL:CL 4.52; STL 1.7; STW 1.5. Leg measurements: I�� 3.4 + 1.3 + 3.7 + 4.2 + 1.4 = 14.0; II�� 2.5 + 1.1 + 2.5 + 2.6 +1.0 = 9.7; III��2.0+ 0.9 + 1.5 + 2.1 + 0.9 = 7.4; IV�� 2.7 + 1.1 + 2.5 + 3.1 +1.0 = 10.4; palp�� 1.4 + 0.5 + 0.9 + 0.9 = 3.7. Leg spines: I 0- 1 p- 1 p, 2 v- 2 v- 0, 2v- 2 v- 3 v; II 0-1 p- 1 p, 2 v- 2 v- 0, 2v- 2 v 1 p- 3 v; III 0-1 p 1 r- 1 p 1 r, 1 v- 1 p 1 r-0, 2v- 1 p 1 r- 3 v 1 p 1 r; IV 0- 1 p 1 r- 1 p 1 r, 1 v 1 p 1 r- 1 p 1 r-0, 2 v 1 p 1 r- 2 v 1 p 1 r- 3 v 1 p 1 r. Abdomen (Fig. 98): slightly more elongate than in female. Palp (Figs 105��106): cymbium elongated, about equal to or slightly longer than, tibia length, with a short, broad; apophysis pointing laterally; RTA short and broad, with a single blunt point at apex; TA unsclerotized, long and bent at apex; EM semicircular, on posterior and prolateral sides of tegulum, ending at CON apex; CON unsclerotized but distinct. Distribution. Several localities on the eastern side of Madagascar (Fig. 117). Habitat. Forest, spiny forest/thicket, dry forests to high altitude rainforests., Published as part of Lotz, L. N., 2014, New species of Cheiracanthium (Araneae: Eutichuridae) from Madagascar and the Comoros Islands, pp. 301-332 in Zootaxa 3857 (3) on pages 326-327, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3857.3.1, http://zenodo.org/record/225808, {"references":["Lotz, L. N. (2007 a) The genus Cheiracanthium (Araneae: Miturgidae) in the Afrotropical Region. 1. Revision of known species. Navorsinge van die Nasionale Museum, Bloemfontein, 23, 1 - 76."]} more...
Published: 2014
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45. Cheiracanthium C.L. Koch

Author: Lotz, L. N.
Subjects: Miturgidae, Arthropoda, Arachnida, Animalia, Araneae, Cheiracanthium, Biodiversity, Taxonomy
Abstract: Cheiracanthium C.L. Koch Chiracanthops Mello-Leitão, 1942 (Cheiracanthium is considered a senior synonym of Chiracanthops, Bonaldo & Brescovit, 1992: 732). Cheiracanthium C.L. Koch, 1839: 9 (type species: Aranea punctorium Villers, 1789); Simon, 1897: 87; Simon, 1932: 895; Petrunkevitch, 1933: 53; Reimoser, 1937: 71; Lehtinen, 1967: 291; Dondale & Redner, 1982: 17; Roberts, 1985: 88; Sterghiu, 1985: 100; Newlands, 1986: 86; Yaginuma, 1986: 177; Chikuni, 1989: 122; Feng, 1990: 168; Paik, 1990: 3; Wolf, 1991: 233; Bonaldo & Brescovit, 1992: 731; Lotz, 2007 a: 4; Lotz, 2007 b: 148; 2011: 23. Helebiona Benoit, 1977: 80 (type species: H. wilma Benoit, 1977); Lotz, 2007 a: 66. Diagnosis. Diagnosis and description of the genus is given in Lotz (2007 a). In most Cheiracanthium species the PMT:RMT ratio is 3: 3, but in most of the new Madagascan species there are more than three RMT and sometimes only two. This is illustrated in the figures for each species to be consistent with previous publications. Relationships. In relation to the continental African species, most of the endemic Madagascan species differ in the female genital depression being divided by a central septum and the male cymbial apophysis being bent distally. The bent cymbial apophysis is also found in C. canariense Wunderlich, 1987, from Canary Islands, Turkey and Egypt, and C. knipperi Lotz, 2011, from Tanzania, but without the divided genital depression in the females. In most continental African species the female genitalia has a single oval depression and the male cymbial apophysis is directed proximally. Distribution. In the Afrotropical Region species of Cheiracanthium have been collected from most countries and islands., Published as part of Lotz, L. N., 2014, New species of Cheiracanthium (Araneae: Eutichuridae) from Madagascar and the Comoros Islands, pp. 301-332 in Zootaxa 3857 (3) on page 303, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3857.3.1, http://zenodo.org/record/225808, {"references":["Bonaldo, A. B. & Brescovit, A. D. (1992) As aranhas do genero Cheiracanthium C. L. Koch, 1839 na Regiao Neotropical (Araneae, Clubionidae). Revista Brasileira de Entomologia, 36, 731 - 740.","Koch, C. L. (1839) Die Arachniden. Sechster Band, Nurnberg, 156 pp.","Simon, E. (1897) Description d'Arachnides nouveaux. Annales de la Societe Entomologique de Belgique, 41, 8 - 17.","Simon, E. (1932) Les Arachnides de France. Tome VI. Synopsis generale et Catalogue des especes francaises de l'ordre des Araneae. Paris, 6, 773 - 978.","Petrunkevitch, A. (1933) An inquiry into the natural classification of spiders, based on a study of their internal anatomy. Transactions of the Connecticut Academy of Arts and Sciences, 31, 299 - 389.","Reimoser, E. (1937) Beitrag zur Spinnenfauna von Erythreae. Memorie della Societa Entomologica Italiana, 16, 16 - 24.","Lehtinen, P. T. (1967) Classification of the Cribellate spiders and some allied families, with notes on the evolution of the suborder Araneomorpha. Annales Zoologici Fennici, 4, 199 - 467.","Dondale, C. D. & Redner, J. H. (1982) The insects and arachnids of Canada. Part 9. The sac spiders of Canada and Alaska. Araneae: Clubionidae and Anyphaenidae. Research Branch Agriculture Canada, Ottawa, Publication 1724, 194 pp.","Roberts, M. J. (1985) The Spiders of Great Britain and Ireland. Harley Books, Colchester, 229 pp.","Sterghiu, C. (1985) Fam. Clubionidae. In: Fauna Republicii Socialiste Romania: Arachnida. Academia Republicii Socialiste Romania, Bucharest, 5, 1 - 165.","Newlands, G. (1986) Necrotic arachnidism in southern Africa. Ph. D. thesis, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 181 pp.","Yaginuma, T. (1986) Spiders of Japan in colour. Hoikusha Publishing, Osaka, 305 pp.","Chikuni, Y. (1989) Pictorial Encyclopedia of spiders in Japan. Kaisei-sha Publishing, Tokyo, 310 pp.","Feng, Z. Q. (1990) Spiders of China in colour. Hunan Science and Technology Publishing House, 256 pp.","Paik, K. Y. (1990) Korean spiders of the genus Cheiracanthium (Araneae: Clubionidae). Korean Arachnology, 6, 1 - 30.","Wolf, A. (1991) Cheiracanthium, In: Heimer, S. & Nentwig, W. (Eds.), Spinnen Mitteleuropas. Ein Bestimmungsbuch. Verlag Paul Parey, Berlin, 543 pp.","Lotz, L. N. (2007 a) The genus Cheiracanthium (Araneae: Miturgidae) in the Afrotropical Region. 1. Revision of known species. Navorsinge van die Nasionale Museum, Bloemfontein, 23, 1 - 76.","Lotz, L. N. (2007 b) The genus Cheiracanthium (Araneae: Miturgidae) in the Afrotropical Region. 2. Description of new species. Navorsinge van die Nasionale Museum, Bloemfontein, 23, 145 - 184.","Benoit, P. L. G. (1977) La faune terrestre de l'Ile de Sainte-Helene, quatrieme partie, 3. Arachnida: 3. Araneae, 9. Fam. Clubionidae. Annales du Musee royal de l'Afrique central, Serie Zoologie, 220, 64 - 81.","Lotz, L. N. (2011) The genus Cheiracanthium (Araneae: Miturgidae) in the Afrotropical Region. 3. Description of four new species. Navorsinge van die Nasionale Museum, Bloemfontein, 27, 21 - 36."]} more...
Published: 2014
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46. Cheiracanthium ludovici Lessert 1921

Author: Lotz, L. N.
Subjects: Miturgidae, Arthropoda, Arachnida, Animalia, Araneae, Cheiracanthium, Biodiversity, Cheiracanthium ludovici, Taxonomy
Abstract: Cheiracanthium ludovici Lessert 1921 Figs 81, 85�� 87 Cheiracanthium ludovici Lessert 1921: 413, figs 45��47; Lotz, 2007 a: 43, figs 78��81. Diagnosis. Females of C. ludovici are differentiated by the copulatory ducts that encircle the spermathecae and enter them anteriorly (Fig. 87). Males are differentiated by the S-shaped TA and the ventrally directed curved CA (see Lotz 2007 a: figs 80��81). Description. Female: (n = 6): TL = 4.90 (4.6��5.1); CL = 2.13 (2. 0��2.3); CW = 1.54 (1.30��1.65); OAL = 0.28 (0.25��0.30); OAW = 0.88 (0.8��0.9); CLL = 0.05 (0.05 �� 0.05). Chelicerae: robust with long fangs; cheliceral fang furrow usually with six teeth of unequal size, PMT:RMT = 3: 2��4 (Fig. 85). Eyes: AME��AME 0.15; AME��ALE 0.10; AME diameter 0.15; PME��PME 0.20; PME��PLE 0.1.5; PME diameter 0.15; MOQAW 0.45; MOQPW 0.50; CI (CL/CW) 1.38; LL:CL 5.00; STL 1.20; STW 0.95. Leg measurements: I�� 2.8 +1.0+ 2.9 + 3.1 + 1.2 = 11.0; II�� 2.1 + 0.8 +2.0+ 2.1 + 0.8 = 7.8; III�� 1.7 + 0.8 + 1.3 + 1.8 + 0.6 = 6.2; IV�� 2.3 + 0.8 +2.0+ 2.6 + 0.8 = 8.5; palp��1.0+ 0.3 + 0.7 + 0.9 = 2.0. Leg spines: I 0-1 p-0, 0- 1 v-0, 2v- 0- 1 v; II 0-1 p0, 0- 0- 1 v; III 0-1 p 1 r, 0-1 p 1 r-0, 2v- 1 v 1 p 1 r- 3 v 1 p 1 r; IV 0- 0-1 p 1 r, 0-1 r-0, 2v- 2 v 1 p 1 r- 3 v 1 p 1 r. Abdomen (Fig. 81): creamy-yellow with a heartmark. Epigynum (Figs 86��87): wider than long, with a transverse median depression; copulatory openings in lateral sides of depression; internally copulatory tubes proceed anteriorly, looping around spermathecae to end anteriorly in the spermathecae; fertilization ducts exit spermathecae posteromedially. Male: Redescribed in Lotz (2007 a) New records from material examined from Madagascar: 1 &female;, Toliara, For��t de Beroboka, 5.9 km 131 ��SE Ankidranoka, 22 �� 13 �� 59 ��S, 43 �� 21 �� 59 ��E, 12��16.III. 2002, Fisher & Griswold, et al. (CASC 9004950); 1 &female;, Toliara, Park National de Andohahela, For��t de Manantalinjo, 33.6 km 63 ��ENE Amboasary, 24 �� 49 ��01��S, 46 �� 36 �� 36 ��E, 12��16.I. 2002, Fisher & Griswold, et al. (CASC 9012022); 1 &male; 1 &female;, Toliara, R��serve Priv�� Berenty, For��t de Bealoka, Mandrar�� River, 14.6 km 329 ��NNW Amboasary, 24 �� 57 �� 25 ��S, 46 �� 16 �� 17 ��E, 2��8.II. 2002, Fisher & Griswold, et al. (CASC 9012475); 1 &male; 1 &female;, Toliara, For��t de Tsinjoriaky, 6.2 km 84 ��E Tsifota, 22 �� 48 ��08��S, 43 �� 25 �� 14 ��E, 6��10.III. 2002, Fisher & Griswold, et al. (CASC 9012962, 9013039); 1 &male;, Toliara, For��t de Kirindy, 15.5 km 64 ��ENE Marofandilia, 20 ��02�� 42 ��S, 44 �� 39 �� 44 ��E, 28.XI�� 3.XII. 2001, Fisher & Griswold, et al. (CASC 9013495); 1 &female;, Mahajanga, Park National d��Ankarafantsika, Ampijoroa Station Forestie��re, 40 km 306 ��NW Andranofasika, 16 �� 19 �� 15 ��S, 46 �� 48 �� 38 ��E, 26.III��IV. 2001, Fisher & Griswold, et al. (CASC 9007585); 1 &female;, Mahajanga, Park National d��Ankarafantsika, For��t de Tsimaloto, 18.3 km NE Tsaramandroso, 16 �� 13 �� 45 ��S, 46 ��08�� 37 ��E, 2��8.IV. 2001, Fisher & Griswold, et al. (CASC 9007729); 1 &male;, Mahajanga, R��serve d��Ankoririka, 10.6 km 13 ��NE Tsaramandrosa, 16 �� 16 ��02��S, 46 ��02�� 55 ��E, 9��14.IV. 2001, Fisher & Griswold, et al. (CASC 9007814). Distribution. Known from Democratic Republic of Congo, Kenya and Tanzania. Recorded here from Madagascar for the first time, where it occurs in the southern and western parts (Fig. 114). Habitat. Some continental specimens were collected from cultivated crops. Madagascan specimens were collected from spiny forest/thicket, tropical dry forest and gallery forest., Published as part of Lotz, L. N., 2014, New species of Cheiracanthium (Araneae: Eutichuridae) from Madagascar and the Comoros Islands, pp. 301-332 in Zootaxa 3857 (3) on pages 322-323, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3857.3.1, http://zenodo.org/record/225808, {"references":["Lotz, L. N. (2007 a) The genus Cheiracanthium (Araneae: Miturgidae) in the Afrotropical Region. 1. Revision of known species. Navorsinge van die Nasionale Museum, Bloemfontein, 23, 1 - 76."]} more...
Published: 2014
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47. Cheiracanthium ambrense Lotz, 2014, sp. nov

Author: Lotz, L. N.
Subjects: Miturgidae, Cheiracanthium ambrense, Arthropoda, Arachnida, Animalia, Araneae, Cheiracanthium, Biodiversity, Taxonomy
Abstract: Cheiracanthium ambrense sp. nov. Figs 1 –4, 7– 12 Type material from Madagascar: Holotype &male;, Antsiranana, Park National Montagne d’Ambre, 12 º 31 ’S, 49 º 11 ’E, 11.II– 4.III. 2001, R. Harin’Hala (CASC 9001725). Paratypes: (allotype) &female;, Antsiranana, Park National Montagne d’Ambre, 3.6 km 235 ºSW Joffreville, 12 º 32 ’04”S, 49 º 10 ’ 46 ”E, 14–30.V. 2001, R. Harin’Hala (CASC 9001890); 1 &male;, Fianarantsoa, Park National Ranomafana, Talatakely, 21 º 14.9 ’S, 47 º 25.6 ’E, 19–30.IV. 1998, C.E. Griswold, et al. (CASC). Etymology. The name is an adjective derived from the type locality. Diagnosis. C. ambrense sp. nov. is differentiated by distinct dark brown patches and spots on the legs (Figs 1–2) and a dark brown pattern on the sternum (Figs 3–4). C. ambrense sp. nov. is similar to C. ampijoroa sp. nov., C. andranomay sp. nov., C. anjozorobe sp. nov., C. ashleyi sp. nov., C. fisheri sp. nov., C. griswoldi sp. nov., and C. rothi sp. nov. in having dumbbell-shaped spermathecae and U-shaped CA (Figs 9, 11, 12). The differentiation of the females of C. ambrense sp. nov. are based on the copulatory ducts entering the spermathecae more anteriorly than in C. anjozorobe. sp. nov., the morphologically closest species (compare with Fig. 33). The differentiation of the males of C. ambrense sp. nov. are based mainly on the shape and length of the CA. In C. ambrense sp. nov. and C. rothi sp. nov. the CA is relatively short compared to the CA of the other species above. C. ambrense sp. nov. is differentiated from C. rothi sp. nov. by the CA ending with a rounded expansion at the apex. (compare Figs 12 and 112). Description. Female: (n = 1): TL = 3.8; CL = 1.9; CW = 1.4; OAL = 0.3; OAW = 0.9; CLL = 0.05. Chelicerae: robust with long fangs; cheliceral fang furrow with seven teeth of unequal size, PMT:RMT = 3: 4 (Fig. 7). Measurements: AME–AME 0.15; AME–ALE 0.15; AME diameter 0.10; PME–PME 0.20; PME–PLE 0.20; PME diameter 0.10; MOQAW 0.35; MOQPW 0.40; CI (CL/CW) 1.36; LL:CL unknown; STL 0.9; STW 0.8. Leg measurements (leg I missing on both sides): I—?; II— 1.4 + 0.6 + 1.2 + 1.4 + 0.6 = 5.2; III— 1.1 + 0.55 + 0.8 +1.0+ 0.5 = 3.95; IV— 1.5 + 0.6 + 1.4 + 1.6 + 0.6 = 5.7; palp— 0.9 + 0.35 + 0.5 + 0.7 = 2.45. Leg spines: I?; II 0- 0-1 p, 0-1 v 1 p-0, 2v - 2 v 1 p 1 r- 3 v 1 p 1 r; III 0- 0-1 p 1 r, 0-1 p 1 r-0, 2v- 1 p 1 r- 3 v 1 p 1 r; IV 0- 0-1 p 1 r, 0-1 r-0, 2v- 2 v 1 p 1 r- 3 v 1 p 1 r. Abdomen (Fig. 1): white with dark brown markings and heart-mark. Epigynum (Figs 8–9): wider than long with two depressions separated by a septum; copulatory openings in the posterior-lateral edge of depressions; internally, copulatory ducts proceed anterolaterally, curving medially before ending in medio-anterior part of dumbbell-shaped spermathecae; fertilization ducts exit spermathecae posteromedially. Male: (n = 2): TL = 4.15 (4.0– 4.3); CL = 1.9 (1.9 – 1.9); CW = 1.4 (1.4 – 1.4); OAL = 0.3 (0.3 – 0.3); OAW = 0.8 (0.8 – 0.8); CLL = 0.05 (0.05 – 0.05). Chelicerae: similar to female, except PMT:RMT = 3: 5 (Fig. 10). Measurements: AME–AME 0.15; AME–ALE 0.15; AME diameter 0.10; PME–PME 0.20; PME–PLE 0.15; PME diameter 0.10; MOQAW 0.35; MOQPW 0.40; CI (CL/CW) 1.36; LL:CL 6.47; STL 0.9; STW 0.8. Leg measurements: I—3.0+ 0.9 + 3.6 + 3.5 + 1.3 = 12.3; II— 1.9 + 0.7 + 1.9 +2.0+ 0.7 = 7.2; III— 1.4 + 0.5 + 1.1 + 1.5 + 0.5 = 5.0; IV— 2.1 + 0.7 +2.0+ 2.3 + 0.7 = 7.8; palp— 1.1 + 0.4 + 0.5 + 0.85 = 2.85. Leg spines: I 0-1 p- 1 p, 1 p 1 r- 1 p 1 r, 2 v- 2 v 1 p 1 r- 1 v 1 p 1 r; II 0-1 p- 1 p, 0-2 v 1 p, 2 v- 2 v 1 p 1 r- 1 v 1 p 1 r: III 0-1 p 1 r- 1 p 1 r, 0-1 v 1 p 1 r-0, 2v- 2 v 1 p 1 r- 3 v 1 p 1 r; IV 0-1 p 1 r- 1 p 1 r, 1 v- 1 r-0, 2v- 2 v 1 p 1 r- 3 v 1 p 1 r. Abdomen (Fig. 2): markings similar to female. Palp (Figs 11–12): cymbium elongate, about as long as patella and tibia combined, with a distally curled apophysis with a flattened expansion just before the apex; RTA broad, with a beaked apex; TA unsclerotized, long and bent at apex; EM long, almost encircling tegulum, ending at CON apex; CON unsclerotised but distinct. Distribution. Only known from isolated localities in central and northern Madagascar (Fig. 20). Habitat. Collected with Malaise traps from forest areas., Published as part of Lotz, L. N., 2014, New species of Cheiracanthium (Araneae: Eutichuridae) from Madagascar and the Comoros Islands, pp. 301-332 in Zootaxa 3857 (3) on pages 304-307, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3857.3.1, http://zenodo.org/record/225808 more...
Published: 2014
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48. Cheiracanthium fisheri Lotz, 2014, sp. nov

Author: Lotz, L. N.
Subjects: Miturgidae, Cheiracanthium fisheri, Arthropoda, Arachnida, Animalia, Araneae, Cheiracanthium, Biodiversity, Taxonomy
Abstract: Cheiracanthium fisheri sp. nov. Figs 29 ��30, 43�� 48 Type material from Madagascar: Holotype &male; & allotype &female;, Fianarantsoa, For��t de Analalava, 29.6 km 280 ��W Ranohira, 22 �� 35 �� 30 ��S, 45 ��07�� 42 ��E, 1��5.II. 2003, Fisher & Griswold, et al. (CASC 9005861). Paratypes: 1 &female;, Antsiranana, For��t d��Orangea, 3.6 km 128 ��SE Remena, 12 �� 15 �� 32 ��S, 49 �� 22 �� 29 ��E, 22��28.II. 2001, J.J. Rafanomezantzoa, et al. (CASC 9002397); 1 &female;, Mahajanga, Park National d��Ankarafantsika, For��t de Tsimaloto, 18.3 km 46 ��NE de Tsaramandrosa, 16 �� 13 �� 41 ��S, 46 ��08�� 37 ��E, 2��8.IV. 2001, J.J. Rafanomezantzoa (CASC 9002858); 3 &male; 3 &female;, Toliara, R��serve Priv�� Berenty, F. de Bealoka, Mandrar�� River, 14.6 km 329 ��NNW Amboasary, 24 �� 57 �� 25 ��S, 46 �� 16 �� 17 ��E, 3��8.II. 2002, Fisher & Griswold, et al. (CASC 9012411, 9012445); 1 &male;, Toliara, R��serve Priv�� Berenty, 8.6 km 314 ��NNW Amboasary, 25 ��00�� 28 ��S, 46 �� 18 �� 22 ��E, 6.II. 2002, Fisher & Griswold, et al. (CASC 9012561); 1 &female;, Toliara, For��t de Mite, 20.7 km 29 ��WNW Tongobory, 23 �� 31 �� 27 ��S, 44 ��07�� 17 ��E, 27.II�� 3.III. 2002, B.L. Fisher, et al. (CASC 9014132). Etymology. The name is a patronym in honour of Brian Fisher, one of the collectors of the holotype. Diagnosis. C. fisheri sp. nov. is similar to C. ampijoroa sp. nov., C. andranomay sp. nov., C. ambrense sp. nov., C. anjozorobe sp. nov., C. ashleyi sp. nov., C. griswoldi sp. nov. and C. rothi sp. nov. in the dumbbell-shaped spermathecae and the U-shaped CA. In C. fisheri sp. nov. and C. griswoldi sp. nov. females the copulatory ducts proceed not just anteriorly, but first posteriorly and then anteriorly. C. fisheri sp. nov. is separated from C. griswoldi sp. nov. by the copulatory ducts being shorter (compare Figs 45 and 69). C. fisheri sp. nov. males are differentiated by the RTA ending in two points (compare Figs 41 ��42, 47�� 48, 111�� 112). C. fisheri sp. nov. is also a larger species than C. ashleyi sp. nov. and C. rothi sp. nov. . Description. Female: (n = 6): TL = 11.63 (10.7��12.2); CL = 5.12 (4.7��5.6); CW = 3.62 (3.2 ��4.0); OAL = 0.63 (0.60��0.70); OAW = 2.28 (2.1��2.5); CLL = 0.16 (0.15��0.20). Chelicerae: robust with long fangs; cheliceral fang furrow with six teeth of unequal size, PMT:RMT = 3: 3 (Fig. 43). Measurements: AME��AME 0.30; AME��ALE 0.65; AME diameter 0.20; PME��PME 0.45; PME��PLE 0.70; PME diameter 0.20; MOQAW 0.70; MOQPW 0.85; CI (CL/CW) 1.33; LL:CL 6.17; STL 2.6; STW 1.8. Leg measurements: I�� 8.1 + 2.4 +9.0+ 9.4 + 3.2 = 32.1; II�� 5.3 +2.0+5.0+ 5.5 + 1.4 = 19.2; III�� 3.8 + 1.5 +3.0+4.0+ 1.2 = 13.5; IV�� 5.5 +2.0+5.0+6.0+ 1.4 = 19.9; palp�� 2.9 + 0.9 + 1.9 +2.0 = 7.7. Leg spines: I 0-1 p- 1 p, 2 v- 2 v- 0, 2v- 2 v- 1 v; II 0-1 p- 1 p, 0- 2 v-0, 2 v 1 p- 2 v- 1 v; III 0- 1 p 1 r- 1 p 1 r, 0-1 p, 2 v- 2 v 1 p 1 r- 3 v 1 p 1 r; IV 0-1 p- 1 p 1 r, 0-1 r, 2 v- 2 v 1 p 1 r- 3 v 1 p 1 r. Abdomen (Fig. 29): reddish-yellow with a faint heartmark. Epigynum (Figs 44��45): wider than long with two depressions separated by a septum; copulatory openings situated medially in the depressions; internally, copulatory ducts proceed anterio-laterally, curving posteriorly before turning anteromedially to end medially in the dumbbell-shaped spermathecae; fertilization ducts exit spermathecae posteriomedially. Male: (n = 5): TL = 10.32 (8.5��12.1); CL = 4.78 (3.6��5.9); CW = 3.36 (2.3��3.8); OAL = 0.59 (0.45��0.70); OAW = 2.02 (1.5��2.3); CLL = 0.17 (0.10��0.20). Chelicerae: similar to female, except more robust, with PMT:RMT = 3: 3 (Fig. 46). Measurements: AME��AME 0.20; AME��ALE 0.45; AME diameter 0.25; PME��PME 0.40; PME��PLE 0.50; PME diameter 0.20; MOQAW 0.70; MOQPW 0.80; CI (CL/CW) 1.31; LL:CL 7.57; STL 2.5; STW 1.7. Leg measurements: I�� 8.5 + 2.3 + 10.2 + 10.3 + 3.5 = 34.8; II�� 5.7 + 1.9 + 5.7 + 5.8 + 1.5 = 20.6; III�� 4.2 + 1.5 + 3.4 + 4.4 + 1.2 = 14.7; IV�� 5.9 + 1.9 + 5.5 + 6.4 + 1.5 = 21.2; palp�� 3.4 + 0.9 + 1.8 + 1.7 = 7.8. Leg spines: I 0-1 p- 1 p, 2 v- 2 v- 0, 2v- 2 v- 1 v; II 0-1 p- 1 p, v- 2 v- 1 p, 0-3 v 1 p- 1 v; III 0-1 p 1 r- 1 p 1 r, 0-1 p 1 r-0, 2v- 2 v 1 p 1 r- 3 v 1 p 1 r; IV 0- 1 p 1 r- 1 p 1 r, 0-1 r-0, 2v- 2 v 1 p 1 r- 3 v 1 p 1 r. Abdomen (Fig. 30): similar in colour to female, but slightly more elongate. Palp (Figs 47��48): cymbium elongate, longer than or nearly equal to tibia length, with a long, proximally curled apophysis without flattened extensions before the apex; RTA ending with beaked point at apex; TA unsclerotized, long and bent at apex; EM long, almost encircling tegulum, ending at CON apex; CON unsclerotised but distinct. Distribution. Several localities both from northern and southern parts of Madagascar (Fig. 49). Habitat. Forests, including littoral rainforest, dry tropical forest and gallery forest., Published as part of Lotz, L. N., 2014, New species of Cheiracanthium (Araneae: Eutichuridae) from Madagascar and the Comoros Islands, pp. 301-332 in Zootaxa 3857 (3) on pages 313-315, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3857.3.1, http://zenodo.org/record/225808 more...
Published: 2014
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49. Cheiracanthium leucophaeum Simon 1897

Author: Lotz, L. N.
Subjects: Miturgidae, Arthropoda, Arachnida, Cheiracanthium leucophaeum, Animalia, Araneae, Cheiracanthium, Biodiversity, Taxonomy
Abstract: Cheiracanthium leucophaeum Simon, 1897 Cheiracanthium leucophaeum Simon, 1897: 502; Lotz, 2007 a: 40, figs 70��77. Diagnosis. Females of C. leucophaeum are differentiated by the two closely spaced spermathecal spheres, and the males by the small tibial and cymbial apophyses (Lotz 2007 a: figs 73, 76�� 77). Description. Lotz (2007 a) described and illustrated both sexes. New records from material examined from Madagascar: 18 &male; 13 &female;, Antsiranana, Park National Montagne d��Ambre, 12 �� 32 ��04��S, 49 �� 10 �� 46 ��E, 20��26.I. 2001, various collectors (CASC 9000742, 9000748, 9001095, 9001165, 9001166, 9001167, 9001168, 9001169, 9003664, 9003665, 9006670, 9008332); 3 &male; 4 &female;, Antsiranana, Park National Montagne d��Ambre, 12 �� 30 �� 52 ��S, 49 �� 10 �� 53 ��E, 2001, various collectors (CASC 9001636, 9001663, 9001677); 16 &male; 14 &female;, Antsiranana, Park National Montagne d��Ambre, 12 �� 31 �� 13 ��S, 49 �� 10 �� 45 ��E, 2001, R. Harin��Hala (CASC 9001728, 9001729, 9001748, 9001749, 9001772, 9001773, 9001806, 9001808, 9001809, 9001839, 9001848, 9001850, 9001858, 9001872, 9001887, 9001913, 9001915); 18 &male; 26 &female;, Antsiranana, Park National Montagne d��Ambre, 12 �� 35 �� 47 ��S, 49 ��09�� 34 ��E, 2��7.II. 2001, various collectors (CASC 9003560, 9003561, 9003562, 9004496, 9006919, 9006921, 9007893, 9007894); 10 &male; 4 &female;, Antsiranana, Sakalava Beach, 12 �� 15 �� 46 ��S, 49 �� 23 �� 51 ��E, 2001, R. Harin��Hala (CASC 9001928, 9001938, 9001952, 9001960, 9001962, 9001977, 9001999, 9002023); 3 &female;, Antsiranana, Montaigne Francais, 12 �� 18 ��08��S, 49 �� 38 �� 51 ��E, 6��20.III. 2001, R. Harin��Hala (CASC 9002034); 6 &male; 4 &female;, Antsiranana, 7 km N of Jeffreville, 12 �� 20 ��S, 49 �� 15 ��E, III��V. 2001, R. Harin��Hala (CASC 9002081, 9002082, 9002083, 9002118, 9002136, 9002150); 1 &male;, Antsiranana, R��serve Sp��ciale de l��Ankarana, 22.9 km 224 ��SW Anivorano Nord, 12 �� 54 �� 32 ��S, 49 ��06�� 35 ��E, 10��16.II. 2001, J.J. Rafanomezantsoa, et al. (CASC 9002434); 2 &male; 1 &female;, Antsiranana, Ampasindava, For��t d��Ambilanivy, 3.9 km 181 ��S Ambaliha, 13 �� 47 �� 55 ��S, 48 ��09�� 42 ��E, 9 �� 4.III. 2001, Fisher, Griswold, et al. (CASC 9007364); 7 &male; 2 &female;, Antsiranana, Nosy Be, R��serve Naturelle Int��grale de Lokobe, 6.3 km 112 ��ESE Hellville, 13 �� 25 �� 10 ��S, 48 �� 19 �� 52 ��E, 19��24.III. 2001, Fisher, Griswold, et al. (CASC 9007988); 14 &male; 13 &female;, Antananarivo, R��serve Sp��ciale d��Ambohitantely, For��t d��Ambohitantely, 20.9 km 72 ��NE de Ankazobe, 18 �� 13 �� 31 ��S, 47 �� 17 �� 13 ��E, 17��22.IV. 2001, Fisher, Griswold, et al. (CASC 9001212); 1 &female;, Antananarivo, Station Forrestiere Angavokely, 22 km E Antananarivo, 18 �� 55 ��S, 47 �� 45 ��E, 8.IX. 2001, D. Andriamalala, et al. (CASC 9001372); 143 &male; 51 &female;, Antananarivo, 3 km 41 ��NE Andranomay, 11.5 km 147 ��SSE Anjozorobe, 18 �� 28 �� 24 ��S, 47 �� 57 �� 36 ��E, 5��13.XII. 2000, Fisher, Griswold, et al. (CASC 9003903, 9004027, ex 9004029, 9004385, 9004386, 9004387, 9006606, 9006607, 9006608); 2 &male;, Fianarantsoa, Park National Ranomafana, Talatakely, 21.25041 ��S, 47.41945 ��E, I. 2001, D.H. & K.M. Kavanaugh, et al. (CASC 9003402, 9003498); 2 &male;, Fianarantsoa, Park National Ranomafana, Vohiparara, broken bridge, 21 �� 13.57 ��S, 47 �� 22.19 ��E, 28.XI�� 6.XII. 2001, R. Harin��Hala (CASC 9010513); 5 &male; 2 &female;, Fianarantsoa, Vohiparara, 21 �� 14 ��S, 47 �� 24 ��E, 5��7.XII. 1993, N. Scharff, et al. (CASC); 14 &male; 2 &female;, Mahajanga, Park National Tsingy de Bemaraha, 2.5 km 62 ��ENE Bekopaka, Ankidrodroa River, 19 ��07�� 56 ��S, 44 �� 48 �� 53 ��E, 11��15.XI. 2001, Fisher, Griswold, et al. (CASC 9008684, 9009146, 9009237); 5 &male; 6 &female;, Mahajanga, Park National Tsingy de Bemaraha, 10.6 km 123 ��ESE Antsalova, 19 �� 42 �� 34 ��S, 44 �� 43 ��05��E, 16��20.XI. 2001, Fisher, Griswold, et al. (CASC 9009302, 9009389, 9009738); 21 &male; 7 &female;, Toliara, Park National dAndohahela, Col du Sedro, 3.8 km 113 ��ESE Mahamavo, 37.6 km 341 ��NNW Tolagnaro, 24 �� 45 �� 50 ��S, 46 �� 45 ��06��E, 21��25.I. 2002, Fisher, Griswold, et al. (CASC 9009486, 9009556, 9009874, 9012352); 1 &female;, Toliara, Fort Dauphin, Mount Mahermano, 24 �� 26 ��S, 47 �� 13 ��E, 27.I. 1995, K. Emberton (MRAC 202847). Distribution. Several localities throughout Madagascar (Fig. 113). Habitat. From littoral forest to high altitude rainforest, including dry forests., Published as part of Lotz, L. N., 2014, New species of Cheiracanthium (Araneae: Eutichuridae) from Madagascar and the Comoros Islands, pp. 301-332 in Zootaxa 3857 (3) on pages 321-322, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3857.3.1, http://zenodo.org/record/225808, {"references":["Simon, E. (1897) Description d'Arachnides nouveaux. Annales de la Societe Entomologique de Belgique, 41, 8 - 17.","Lotz, L. N. (2007 a) The genus Cheiracanthium (Araneae: Miturgidae) in the Afrotropical Region. 1. Revision of known species. Navorsinge van die Nasionale Museum, Bloemfontein, 23, 1 - 76."]} more...
Published: 2014
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50. Cheiracanthium insulare Vinson 1863

Author: Lotz, L. N.
Subjects: Miturgidae, Arthropoda, Arachnida, Animalia, Araneae, Cheiracanthium, Biodiversity, Cheiracanthium insulare, Taxonomy
Abstract: Cheiracanthium insulare (Vinson, 1863) Figs 73��74 Clubiona insularis Vinson, 1863: 109; Chiracanthium insulare, Ledoux, 2004: 185, figs 27 A��C, 28; Cheiracanthium insulare, Lotz, 2007 a: 34, figs 54��56. Diagnosis. C. insulare is similar to C. halophilum Schmidt & Piepho, 1994 from Cape Verde, but females can be differentiated by the shape of the central depression of the epigynum (pentagonal versus transversely oval, respectively) and the internal structure of the genitalia (compare Figs 73��74 and figs 47��48 in Lotz 2007 a), and males by the thin curved TA (see Lotz 2007 a: figs 55��56). Description. The male and female of this species were redescribed by Ledoux (2004), but the internal structure of the female genitalia was not described. As female specimens were found among the specimens studied and the internal structure of the genitalia is provided here. Epigynum (Figs 73��74): longer than wide, with a pentagonal central depression; copulatory openings in the antero-lateral edge of the depression; internally copulatory ducts proceed anteriorly, curving posteriorly in four loops before ending anteriorly in the long sausageshaped spermathecae; fertilization ducts exit spermathecae posteromedially. New records from material examined: 2 &male;, MADAGASCAR: Park National d��Andohahela, For��t de Manantalinjo, 33.6 km 63 ��ENE Amboasary, 7.6 km 99 �� E Hazofotsy, 24 �� 49 ��01��S, 46 �� 36 �� 36 ��E, 12-16.I. 2002, B.L. Fisher, et al. (CASC 9012138); 3 &male; 2 &female; R��UNION: B��bour forest, 21 ��07��S, 55 �� 34 ��E, 15.III 1974, J.J. van Mol (MARC 146275). Distribution. Known from R��union now recorded from Madagascar for the first time here, from a single locality (Fig. 53). Habitat. The type specimens were collected from a cave (Vinson 1863), and the other specimens from R��union were collected by beating foliage and from a tree canopy (Ledoux 2004). The Madagascan specimens were collected in spiny forest/thicket., Published as part of Lotz, L. N., 2014, New species of Cheiracanthium (Araneae: Eutichuridae) from Madagascar and the Comoros Islands, pp. 301-332 in Zootaxa 3857 (3) on page 319, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3857.3.1, http://zenodo.org/record/225808, {"references":["Vinson, A. (1863) Araneides des iles de la Reunion, Maurice et Madagascar. Librairie Encyclopedique Roret, Paris, cxx + 337 pp.","Ledoux, J. - C. (2004) Araignees de l'ile de La Reunion: I. Hahniidae, Ctenidae, Thomisidae et Clubionidae (Araneae). Revue Arachnologique, 14, 159 - 191.","Lotz, L. N. (2007 a) The genus Cheiracanthium (Araneae: Miturgidae) in the Afrotropical Region. 1. Revision of known species. Navorsinge van die Nasionale Museum, Bloemfontein, 23, 1 - 76.","Schmidt, G., Geisthardt, M. & Piepho, F. (1994) Zur kenntnis der spinnenfauna der Kapverdischen Inseln (Arachnida: Araneida). Mitteilungen des Internationaler Entomologischer Vereins, 19, 81 - 126."]} more...
Published: 2014
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