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The high economic value and demand for shark fin have significantly increased the vulnerability of the shortfin mako shark (Isurus oxyrinchus Rafinesque, 1810) population in the Indian Ocean, particularly in the southern region of Java and West Nusa Tenggara. This study utilized a length-based assessment method to evaluate the stock status of I. oxyrinchus. Over a span of eight years (2013–2021), data on length frequency and sex composition were collected. The length-based spawning potential ratio (SPR) was employed to investigate the stock status of the fishery. The findings revealed that I. oxyrinchus exhibited a large body size, with an asymptotic length estimated at 386.86 cm total length and a growth coefficient of 0.04/year . Females were more frequently captured than males, and evidence indicated a declining trend in the size of female sharks. A low SPR value of approximately 6% indicated the overfishing condition of mako shark. To ensure the sustainability of the shortfin mako shark population in the Indian Ocean, it is essential to develop effective management strategies through integrated cooperation among the government, fishers, traders, shark industries, and local communities.

Kabupaten Kebumen memiliki potensi sumberdaya ikan yang besar dengan posisi wilayah perairan yang langsung berhadapan dengan Samudera Hindia. Kondisi saat ini, aktivitas perikanan sudah berlangsung dengan baik dengan adanya 7 tempat pendaratan ikan dan 1 pelabuhan perikanan pantai. Nelayan masih mengalami kendala dengan keterbatasan prasarana di pelabuhan, sarana kapal/perahu yang masih berukuran kecil, cuaca dan gelombang besar pada saat musim barat, keberadaan ikan yang bersifat musiman, dan belum memiliki kemampuan untuk dapat mendeteksi keberadaan ikan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk (1) mendeskripsikan kegiatan yang telah dilakukan saat ini; (2) menentukan faktor kekuatan dan kelemahan internal, serta peluang dan ancaman eksternal; (3) menyusun strategi peningkatan aktivitas. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa produksi ikan utama di Kabupaten Kebumen yaitu lobster, layur, dan bawal putih. Ketiga komoditi ini merupakan komoditi ekspor. Secara umum produksi dan nilai produksi dari ketiga komoditi tersebut terus mengalami peningkatan pada periode pada 2017-2021. Strategi untuk peningkatan aktivitas perikanan yaitu pengembangan teknologi dengan menggunakan kapal yang lebih besar, peningkatan sumberdaya manusia, diversifikasi pengolahan produk, dan peningkatan kapabilitas nelayan terkait dengan pengelolaan keuangan dan pemasaran.

As a company with a high potential for work accidents, the dockyard owned by PT Perikanan Indonesia must create a safe working environment for its workers by implementing occupational safety and health. However, until now, the company does not have a complete Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) that meets labor safety standards. To improve and complete the SOP under work safety standards, it is necessary to identify the behavior of the workforce and potential hazards in every docking activity that can harm workers or the company. The purpose of this study is to identify activities that are potentially hazardous to workers in the docking area. The method used is descriptive analysis and the method of Job Safety Analysis (JSA). The results of the study indicate that extreme risk level is present when the vessel's activity enters the docking area, associated with the vessel's hull on the rail slipway, vessel towing, vessel brushing, and vessel caulking.. This is due to the dangerous behavior and dangerous conditions of the observations during the study. Keywords: docking, job incidents, job safety, job safety analysis, shipyard.

Rabbitfishes (Siganids) fishing activities tend to increase and potentially impact fish target and ecosystem, which is indicated by changes in population size and structure and the trophic level of the catches. Scientific information on Siganids fishing techniques and its ecological impact are limited. The aims of the study are: (1) to describe technical fishing aspects of Siganids fishery; (2) to estimate parameters of length at first maturity (Lm) as catch size limit indicators for this fish target; (3) to evaluate the impact of fishing on food chain balances (trophic level) the fish resources in this study area. The Siganids fishing techniques were observed during the field study. The catch of Siganids species and other fishes from various fishing gears were sampled, then identified and calculated individually. The samples of Siganids fish were also measured for its length and weight. This study showed that the fishers were used three kinds of fishing gears to target the Siganids fish, i.e., rope traps, bamboo traps, and spear gun. There were five species of Siganids caught during the research, they are: Barhead spinefoot (Siganus virgatus), Goldspotted spinefoot (S. punctatus), Streaked spinefoot (S. javus), Orange-spotted spinefoot (S. guttatus), and White-spotted spinefoot (S. canaliculatus), with the Lm value of 3.5, 22.8, 30.6, 21.2, and 20.8 cm, respectively. All catches of the Siganids exceeded the catch size limit (Lm), except for S. punctatus and S. Javus which was only 65.51% and 4.00% of the respective catches were acceptable in size. Finally, the Siganids fishing activities in the study area potentially impacted the ecological function of natural food chain balance (trophic level). It was indicated by the dominance (48%) of the catches on trophic level 3. Keywords: fishing impact, rabbitfish, Siganidae, size limit, trophic level

One tool that can be used to visualize and connect various types of spatial and temporal distribution is Geographic Information System. The purpose of this study is to analyze the pressure of longline fisheries, tuna catches and fishing effort and can model the spatial distribution and temporal (of tuna, during longline fishery activities in 2013. Experimental methods are used in determining the size pixels and kernel shape. The form of the kernel that displays the best results is quartic. The optimal radius produced from the equation 0.68n-0.2 is 0.25 degrees (27.78 km). The CPUE uses raster data on catch density (tail field) and fishing line density (field number of hooks). The calculation is done by multiplying the density of the raster catch (tail) by 1,000 then divided by the density of the raster fishing hooks. The results show that the range of CPUE values ranged from 0.833 - 416. The total area of the total fishing effort was 161,520 km2 with an ffort of catching of 57,502.017 per 1,000 hooks. The total number of CPUE top heatmap is 38,948.29 per 1,000 hooks in 38,080 km2, most are in the Mentawai Strait, other parts are also found in the south of Siberut Island, west of Enggano Island to the Indian Ocean. Seasonal patterns show that the East season is the season with the highest catching effort in the Mentawai Strait, the Siberut Strait to the southern part of Siberut Island and the Transition I season is the lowest catching effort. Keywords: Spatial and temporal distribution, tuna density, CPUE, heatmap, Indian Ocean

Nelayan memiliki respon yang berbeda dalam menghadapi perubahan musim, termasuk nelayan trammel net di PPS Cilacap. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menghitung indeks musim penangkapan udang yang ditangkap menggunakan alat tangkap trammel net, mengindentifikasi dampak perubahan musim terhadap pendapatan nelayan trammel net, dan mengindentifikasi pola adaptasi nelayan trammel net terhadap perubahan musim udang. Data yang dikumpulkan yaitu keragaan unit penangkapan trammel net, cara adaptasi nelayan trammel net, data investasi, penghasilan, dan modal nelayan serta data trip dan data produksi udang hasil tangkapan trammel net selama 5 tahun (2012-2016). Indeks musim penangkapan ikan dihitung menggunakan rata-rata bergerak, analisis pendapatan digunakan untuk menghitung dampak musim penangkapan ikan terhadap pendapatan nelayan, dan analisis deskriptif digunakan untuk melihat adaptasi nelayan terhadap perubahan musim. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa musim penangkapan udang di PPS Cilacap terjadi selama lima bulan yaitu bulan Juni, September, Oktober, November, dan Desember. Perubahan musim berdampak terhadap penurunan pendapatan nelayan trammel net sebesar Rp 6.185.800/kapal/trip. Rata-rata pendapatan ketika musim penangkapan udang sebesar Rp 6.591.495/kapal/trip, sedangkan rata-rata pendapatan nelayan ketika tidak musim penangkapan udang sebesar Rp 405.695/kapal/trip. Pola adaptasi nelayan trammel net terhadap perubahan musim penangkapan udang yaitu meminjam uang dan menjual barang-barang sebanyak 37%, memperbaiki alat tangkap sebanyak 33%, penganekaragaman alat tangkap sebanyak 13%, perubahan lokasi DPI sebanyak 10%, dan penganekaragaman pendapatan sebanyak 7%. Nelayan yang memilih pola adaptasi penganekaragaman alat tangkap diidentifikasi memiliki pendapatan tertinggi dibandingkan dengan nelayan yang memilih opsi adaptasi lainnya.

As excessive capture activity adversely impacts fisheries sector, fish resources management is a necessity. This study was conducted as a scientific contribution for the managements of bottom longline fisheries in Arafura Waters and areolate grouper (Epinephelus areolatus) as one of the target catches. It was carried out from February to December 2017 and in November 2018. Data on the fishing grounds of eight bottom longline vessels were obtained from the vessel monitoring system (VMS) of Probolinggo Marine and Fisheries Resources Supervisory Unit, Mayangan Probolinggo Fishing Port, and Marine and Fisheries Resources Surveillance (PSDKP) Tual Station. Based on the analysis of the coordinates from the VMS, the fishing grounds of the bottom longline vessels in Arafura waters were found around Dolak until the border with Merauke and around Timika until Aru Islands. The composition of dominant catches consisted of croaker (Pennahia spp.) and snapper (Lutjanus spp.), as well as grouper (Epinephelus spp.) in a smaller proportion. The size structure of the areolate grouper caught with bottom longlines was 21.5–54.5 cmTL; its length at first capture (Lc) was 33.9 cmTL; and its asymptotic length was 70.5 cmTL. Its growth rate (K) was found 0.26 per year. The fishing mortality (F) of the species was found higher than its natural mortality (M), and its exploitation level (E) was 0.74, meaning that the species was already overfished. The exploitation should be reduced by 40–50% to keep the fish resources in Arafura sustainable, especially for areolate grouper. Keywords: fishing ground, bottom longline, exploitation level, tiger grouper, Arafura

Sustainability is one of the essential issues in utilizing lobster in the coastal waters of Ayah, Kebumen Regency. Its management requires information on growth parameters and the utilization status of lobster. This study examines the growth parameters and utilization status of ornate spiny lobster (Panulirus ornatus) in the Ayah’s water. The study was conducted from November 2020 to January 2021. Lobster growth parameters were analyzed by distribution frequency of carapace length using the ELEFAN I method. Utilization status was estimated using spawning ratio based on carapace length data (LB-SPR). The results showed that the growth rate of males and females lobster was 0.37/year and 0.32/year, respectively. In addition, the asymptotic length was 145.70 mm in male lobsters and 143.33 mm in female lobsters. The exploitation rate is 0.41-0.48. The estimated spawning ratio is 29.59%, which means that it is still sustainable and below the optimum point.

The monthly fluctuation of fish catch is closely related to the presence of fish or the fishing season. Information about the fishing season is important to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of fishing carried out by fishermen. Skipjack and longtail tuna are important catches landed by fishermen in Palabuhanratu fishing port, with fishing grounds in the waters around Palabuhanratu. This study aims to describe the dynamics of the catch and the effort to catch skipjack tuna and longtail tuna that land their fish in the Palabuhanratu fishing port and determine the fishing season. The data used is the Palabuhanratu fishing port fisheries statistical data for the 2015-2019 period. Data analysis used catch per unit effort (CPUE) analysis and moving average method. The results showed that the CPUE value of skipjack tuna fluctuates tends to increase by 0,009 tons per trip in 2016 and reaches the highest in 2017 which is around 3,068 tons per trip. The CPUE value of longtail tuna tends to increase from 0,021 tons per trip in 2015 to 0,266 tons per trip in 2019. The skipjack tuna fishing season in Palabuhanratu Waters occurs in March, July to November, while the longtail tuna fishing season occurs from July to November. Keywords: Longtail tuna, fishing season index, moving average model, Palabuhanratu, skipjack tuna

The Indonesian Fisheries’ Management of the Indian Ocean (FMA 573) has great tuna resources, especially yellowfin and bigeye. There are various problems regarding activities of tuna fisheries in this area, and now is the time to initiate an integrated management. This research aims to evaluate the biological and technological aspects of tuna fishing activities in the FMA 573, and to design a management model on resources and fishing technology aspects of Indonesian tuna fisheries in the Indian Ocean area (FMA 573). Model design was carried out using the soft system methodology approach. The study resulted in identifying three problems regarding resources and six problems regarding the technological aspect. Finally, the model design of tuna fisheries management in the Indian Ocean (FMA 573) gave a solution for regulating the number of fishing effort in the Indian Ocean (FMA 573) as well as for realigning the use of FADs with its technical and implementation guidelines. Lastly, the study aimed at helping in building a system which is capable of guaranteeing the national implementation on the certification of competence for ship captains and crew through policymaking and budget allocation. The conceptual model was constructed based on the definition of RDs. Keywords: FMA 573, Indian Ocean, Indonesian tuna fisheries management, Model design, Soft system methodology

ABSTRACT Karimunjawa National Park is one of the national parks that have the objective to maintain fish populations in the Java Sea, where one of them is grouper. Grouper is one of the target fish in the national park. The objective of this study is to assess the conditions and dynamics of the grouper fishery in Karimunjawa National Park. Fish landing surveys were conducted to collect the data. Fishing gear types, grouper species, and weight of each species were collected. Calculation of Catch per Unit Effort (CPUE) per month and two-way ANOVA statistical tests were used for data analysis. Results of this study indicated that catches of grouper using speargun was significantly higher than the catch using handline. There was a seasonal cycle of the grouper catch, where the value of the highest CPUE occurred in transitional season between the west and east monsoon season, from March to May. Key words: CPUE, grouper fishery, Karimunjawa National Park ------- ABSTRAK Taman Nasional Karimunjawa merupakan salah satu taman nasional yang salah satu tujuannya untuk mempertahankan populasi ikan di Laut Jawa, dimana salah satunya adalah perikanan kerapu. Ikan kerapu merupakan salah satu target penangkapan di perairan Taman Nasional Karimunjawa. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui kondisi dan dinamika perikanan kerapu di Taman Nasional Karimunjawa. Survei pendaratan ikan dilakukan untuk pengumpulan data. Data yang dikumpulkan dalam penelitian ini adalah alat tangkap yang digunakan untuk menangkap ikan kerapu, jenis hasil tangkapan, dan berat masing-masing jenis hasil tangkapan setiap trip. Perhitungan nilai Catch per Unit Effort (CPUE) setiap bulan dan uji statistik two ways ANOVA digunakan untuk analisis data. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa hasil tangkapan ikan kerapu dengan menggunakan speargun lebih tinggi dan berbeda nyata secara statistik dibandingkan hasil tangkapan dengan menggunakan pancing. Terdapat siklus musiman hasil tangkapan, dimana nilai CPUE tertinggi terjadi pada musim peralihan antara musim barat dan musim timur yakni dari bulan Maret hingga Mei. Kata kunci: CPUE, perikanan kerapu, Taman Nasional Karimunjawa

Parameter oseanografi seperti upwelling dan thermal front dapat digunakan sebagai indikator daerah penangkapan ikan potensial. Pengetahuan tentang lokasi perairan dengan fenomena tersebut akan dapat membantu para nelayan untuk mencari daerah penangkapan ikan potensial. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan sebaran suhu permukaan laut (SPL), dan memprediksi keberadaan thermal front dan upwelling di perairan Mentawai. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada bulan Maret-Mei 2006 di Perairan Mentawai. Sedangkan Citra SPL yang diolah Juni 2006-September 2007.Analisa data yang digunakan adalah secara visual untuk menentukan thermal front dan upwelling. Pada musim timur SPL berkisar 26-32°C, musim peralihan timur-barat berkisar 23-32oC, musim barat berkisar 23-32oC, musim peralihan barat-timur berkisar antara 25-32oC. Thermal front hampir ditemukan sepanjang tahun di sekitar Pulau Siberut, Pulau Sipora, Pulau Pagai Utara, Pulau Pagai Selatan dan sekitar Pasaman. Indikasi upwelling tidak ditemukan pada musim barat. Pada musim timur, upwelling ditemukan di sekitar Pulau Siberut, Pulau Sipora, Pulau Pagai Utara, Pulau Pagai Selatan. Pada musim peralihan timur barat, upwelling ditemukan di sekitar Pulau Siberut, Pulau Sipora, Pulau Pagai Utara. Pada musim barat timur, upwelling ditemukan di sekitar Pulau Sipora, Pulau Pagai Utara. Kata kunci: Perairan Mentawai, suhu permukaan laut (SPL), thermal front, upwelling

In tuna fisheries along south coast Java, rumpon (fish aggregating devices) are mostly used by fishermen. The using of this technology implies in increasing catch. Some result from previous researches indicated that tuna catch from trolling were small size and far from export quality standard. This phenomenon threats sustainability of tuna fisheries. The aim of this research was to determine feasibility of tuna catch and its quality that trolling around rumpon. This research was carried out in Tamperan fishing port within July-August 2010 and Sadeng fishing port within 15-29 July 2010. Survey method was used in this research and the catch data were analyzed based on their composition, size and organoleptic The result showed that in Tamperan fishing port most of the catch was yellow fin tuna, 68% was under size (below the length of maturity) and 75% organoleptic value was below 7. In Sadeng fishing port most of the catch was big eye, 95% was under size and organoleptic value was more than 7 for all catch. For exporting whole fresh tuna, the organoleptic value of more than 7 is needed. Keywords: tuna resources, sustainability, rumpon, South Coast of Java --------------- Rumpon banyak digunakan pada perikanan pancing tonda untuk menangkap tuna di perairan selatan Pulau Jawa. Penggunaan rumpon telah meningkatkan produksi tuna yang sangat tinggi di beberapa perairan. Dari beberapa hasil penelitian diinformasikan bahwa jenis ikan hasil tangkapan pancing tonda adalah tuna yang berukuran kecil dengan mutu yang tidak memenuhi standar ekspor. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan kelayakan hasil tangkapan tuna di sekitar rumpon. Penelitian dilakukan di PPP Tamperan antara Juli-Agustus 2010 dan PPP Sadeng antara 15-29 Juli 2010. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode survei dimana analisis dilakukan terhadap komposisi jenis, ukuran hasil tangkapan dan organoleptik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa jenis tuna hasil tangkapan dominan nelayan PPP Tamperan adalah jenis yellowfin. Sekitar 68% berukuran kecil dan belum layak tangkap. Jenis hasil tangkapan tuna di Sadeng didominasi oleh bigeye tuna. Hampir 95% dari seluruh tangkapannya berukuran kecil dan belum layak tangkap. Selanjutnya, 75% tuna hasil tangkapan nelayan PPP Tamperan memiliki nilai organoleptik kurang dari 7. Sementara nilai organoleptik tuna yang tertangkap nelayan PPP Sadeng lebih dari 7. Kata kunci: sumberdaya tuna, keberlanjutan, rumpon, pantai selatan