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A comprehensive and systematic review of the research on the preparation strategies of COF-based membranes and their applications in the last five years is presented. Future research tools and future development trends are also highlighted. [Display omitted] • Summary of preparation of COF membranes. • Multiple applications of COF membranes. • Current challenges and perspectives of COF membranes. In the context of significant advancements in materials science, specifically membrane technology, investigation on covalent organic frameworks (COFs) has taken on increased depth and relevance. This has triggered an upsurge in studies focusing on creating and applying COF-based membranes (COFMs), situating the field at a pivotal stage of its development. A novel class of COFMs has emerged, promising unprecedented application possibilities. A critical analysis of recent research, predominantly related to the fabrication and key applications of COF-based membranes over the preceding five years, is of utmost importance. This will provide a comprehensive understanding of the current research state while concurrently paving the way for future scientific exploration. This examination will serve as a critical reference point for the ongoing research into the application of COF materials, contributing significantly to the broader scope of materials and membrane science. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]