1. Neuroprotective effects of exosomes derived from bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells treated by Musk Ketone on ischemic stroke.
- Author
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Chen C, Feng D, Lu F, Qin J, Dun L, Liao Z, Tao J, and Zhou Z
- Subjects
- Animals, Male, Cells, Cultured, Microglia drug effects, Microglia pathology, Microglia metabolism, Recovery of Function, Neurons drug effects, Neurons pathology, Neurons metabolism, Neuroprotective Agents pharmacology, Inflammation Mediators metabolism, Brain pathology, Brain drug effects, Brain metabolism, Behavior, Animal drug effects, Macrophage Activation drug effects, Exosomes transplantation, Exosomes metabolism, Disease Models, Animal, Apoptosis drug effects, Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery pathology, Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery therapy, Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery physiopathology, Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery metabolism, Mesenchymal Stem Cells metabolism, Mesenchymal Stem Cells drug effects, Rats, Sprague-Dawley, Ischemic Stroke metabolism, Ischemic Stroke physiopathology, Ischemic Stroke therapy, Ischemic Stroke pathology, Ischemic Stroke drug therapy, Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation
- Abstract
Objectives: Ischemic stroke (IS) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality globally. This study aimed to investigate the role of exosomes (Exo) derived from bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) treated with Musk Ketone (Mus treated-Exo) in the development of IS injury., Methods: BMSCs were pretreated with 10 μM Mus for 36 h, and Exo derived from these Mus-treated BMSCs (Mus-treated Exo) were extracted. Rats with middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) were administered either 2 mg/kg of control Exo (Ctrl-Exo), 2 mg/kg of Mus treated-Exo, or 10 μM Mus. Neurological deficit and cerebral infarction in the MCAO rats were assessed utilizing neurological scores and TTC staining. Neuronal apoptosis, activation of microglia/macrophages, and inflammation were evaluated through TUNEL staining, immunofluorescence staining, and western blot analysis, respectively., Results: Our findings revealed that Mus-treated Exo possessed a more pronounced neuroprotective effect on MCAO rats when compared to Ctrl-Exo and Mus treatment alone. Specifically, Mus treated-Exo effectively ameliorated neurological function, reduced the volume of cerebral infarction, and diminished hemispheric swelling in MCAO rats. Moreover, it inhibited neuronal apoptosis and activation of microglia/macrophages, promoted the expression of the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 while decreasing the expression of pro-apoptotic protein Bax, Cleaved-caspase 3, and pro-inflammatory factors IL-6 and COX-2., Conclusions: The findings imply that Mus treated-Exo could confer neuroprotection in rats affected by IS, potentially by attenuating apoptosis and neuroinflammation. The underlying mechanisms, however, warrant further investigation. Mus treated-Exo shows potential as a new therapeutic strategy for IS., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The all authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest regarding the publication of this paper., (Copyright © 2024. Published by Elsevier Inc.)
- Published
- 2024
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