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Ischemia/reperfusion injury is a major problem in clinical transplantation (Tx). Taurine has been shown to protect liver grafts from ischemia/reperfusion injury after Tx. Thus, this study was designed to evaluate its effect on kidney grafts after transplantation.Various concentrations of taurine were infused before donor nephrectomy (1.5 mL; 30, 100, 300 mM). Controls were given the same volume of Ringers' solution. Subsequently, grafts were cold-stored for 19 h in histidine-tryptophan-ketoglutarate solution and transplanted. Six hours after Tx, graft function and injury were assessed with blood urea nitrogen/creatinine and aspartate aminotransferase/lactate dehydrogenase. Graft biopsies were taken to evaluate tubular damage, caspase-3, superoxide dismutase, and heat shock protein 72 (HSP-72) to index necrosis, apoptosis, antioxidative capacity, and regeneration, respectively.Taurine significantly decreased blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, aspartate aminotransferase, and lactate dehydrogenase in a dose-dependent manner to up to 71%, 69%, 51%, and 53% of controls, respectively. Further, tubular damage and caspase-3 expression decreased to 44% and 18% of control values (P0.01), while superoxide dismutase and heat shock protein 72 expression increased by 95% and 77% of controls, respectively (P0.05).This study demonstrates that donor preconditioning with taurine protects kidney grafts from injury (apoptosis, necrosis), improves graft function, and increases the regenerative potential most likely via mechanisms including antioxidation.