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Background and Objectives: Multiple sclerosis is a common neurological disease that typically manifests itself in advanced and chronic stages. The unknown nature of the etiology of this disease is a big problem. The current study was carried out to evaluate the efficacy of acceptance and commitment based study on psychological issues like anxiety, depression and rumination in a 13 and a 16 year old adolescents with multiple sclerosis. Materials and Methods: The present study was a single case of multiple baseline type of treatment process. Participants in this study were patients who referred to the Hamadan Child and Adolescent Psychological Clinic in the summer of 1399 and in addition to MS suffered from significant psychological disorders such as anxiety, depression and rumination. The study sample consisted of 2 adolescents 13 and 16 years old with MS who volunteered to participate in this study. According to the ethical criteria after the study, members of the control group also received the independent variable (acceptance and commitment-based education) during 8 sessions. Beck Depression Inventory (2000) and Beck Anxiety Inventory (1988) and the Nolen-Hoxima (1991) Ruminant Response Scale were assessed in ten sessions before treatment, at the end of each treatment session, and after the last session. Results: The results showed that the rate of improvement in anxiety after 8 sessions of treatment for the first client was 42% and the rate of recovery for the second client was 47% and the overall recovery rate for both clients was 44.5%. The rate of recovery of depression for the first and second clients was 0.50, 0.50 and 0.6%, respectively, and the rate of overall recovery was 65.06%, the rate of recovery for the first client was 65%, and for the second client was 58%, and the overall recovery rate was 61.5% (P < 0.001). Conclusions: The results of the study of these two subjects indicated the clinical effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy on the subjects' anxiety, depression and rumination approaches. Finally, it can be said that this method of treatment is effective and to further evaluate its effectiveness, controlled evaluation studies are needed to achieve a definitive result. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Meta-cognition is one of the high cognitive processes of brain which has positive relationship with other cognitive capacities and is considered as a predisposing factor in lots of psychopathologies. The aim of the present study was to examine the relationship between meta-cognition and anxiety and depression in the mothers of children with mental disorders. It was a study conducted on the mothers of 2 to 14 year-old children. 143 mothers with mental disorders (developmental disorders and disruptive behavior disorders) were selected through purposive sampling. They were assessed using meta-cognitive beliefs questionnaire, Spielberger anxiety questionnaire, and Beck depression inventory-II. Data analysis showed that there was a significant difference in the rate of anxiety, depression and meta-cognition among the mothers of children with mental disorders. Psychological health of these mothers was low so the use of a systemic approach will be useful in solving the problems of such families. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Adjustment disorders are disorders that a person cannot match with a traumatic event. People with depression, anxiety disorder and depression are susceptible to abusive behaviors, therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effect of group behavioral activation on depression, anxiety and stress in adjustment disorders by using a single case design. Three chronic patients who met DSM-5 criteria for adjustment disorders were treated according to the treatment manual of group behavioral activation therapy. The treatment outcome was measured before, during and after the treatment using depression anxiety stress scales. The results revealed this treatment in reducing the symptoms of depression, anxiety and stress was effective. The baseline scores of depression, anxiety, and stress in the first patient were 24.73, 17.54, and 28.70, respectively; the improvement rate in each of the subscales was 62%, 71% and 63%, and the overall improvement in the three subscales was 65%. For the second patient, the baseline scores of depression, anxiety, and stress were 27.73, 17.37, and 29.01, respectively; the improvement rate in each of the subscales was 54%, 68% and 59%, and the overall improvement in the three subscales was 60%. The improvement rate of the third patient was higher than that of the first and the second patients. The improvement rate in depression, anxiety, and stress was 61%, 60% and 67%, and the overall improvement in the three subscales was 63%. The overall improvement of the research variables was 62%. The results of these three patients indicated that the clinical effect of group behavioral activation therapy in treating the symptoms of depression, anxiety and stress in patients with adjustment disorder and marital problems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The negative mood affectivity is the psychological consequences of parents who having children with special needs. The aim of present study was comparing the effectiveness of dialectical behavior therapy and cognitive behavioral therapy on the regulation of the negative mood affectivity (depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms) among mothers having children with special needs. This quasi-experimental study was done with 24 mothers of children admitted to the rehabilitation center for persons with physical and mental disabilities who were diagnosed with depression, anxiety, and stress. Then, the participants were assigned into three groups: the dialectical therapy group, the cognitive behavioral therapy group, and the control group. The results showed that dialectical therapy was more effective in decreasing emotional disorders of mothers compared with cognitive behavior therapy, and both of them are better than control group. Therefore, it could be concluded that both interventions are beneficial for mothers whose children's disabilities, special needs, or disorders affect their mental health. Thus, the mentioned therapies are recommended for these mothers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Caring of children with psychiatric disorders have significant impact on caregivers especially mothers. So aim of this study was to investigate efficacy of impulse control training on depression and anxiety in mothers of children with developmental coordination disorders (DCD). The study is quasi-experimental by using pretest and posttest with control group. The study population consisted of mothers and children with developmental coordination disorder in rehabilitation clinics in the Hamedan city. Of these 16 participants assigned to experimental and control groups were selected by convenience sampling. Psychological evaluation includes clinical interviews, according to the America Psychological Association and DSM-V Beck Anxiety Inventory (BDI-II) and Beck Depression Inventory (BAI). Impulse control was done according to Spray treatment protocol in the experimental group with 8 sessions of 90 minutes and the control group received no training. Scores of pretest, posttest and followup of 3 weeks after training in both groups were analyzed. Results showed that treatment of impulse control in reducing anxiety 8.71 and depression 10.46 in experimental group was effective in comparison of control group that efficacy of this treatment was maintained during follow-up. So the treatment of impulse control has been effective in the treatment of anxiety and depression. According to results of this study and previous researches impulse control treatment program can be program of interventions for depression and anxiety disorders and can promote mental health in patients with psychiatric disorders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]