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This scoping review aimed to investigate whether sodium ascorbate can recover the bond strength of resin composite restorations to sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl)-treated dentin. The protocol of this study, available online (), followed the Joana Briggs Institute guidelines. The PRISMA Extension for Scoping Reviews was used to reporting. In vitro studies evaluating the effect of sodium ascorbate on NaOCl-treated dentin and resin composite restorations, regardless of the adhesive material used, were included without time restriction. The search and study screening were conducted in Embase, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science by two independent researchers. A descriptive analysis was performed and the PRILE 2021 guidelines were used to assess the risk bias of the included studies. The initial search yielded 941 studies, of which only 7 studies were included. The findings revealed that extracted third molars were the most used samples, and there was a significant variation in the NaOCl concentration employed. In general, sodium ascorbate effectively restored the compromised bond strength in dentin treated with different NaOCl concentrations. Furthermore, regarding the failure mode, the most prevalent observed was mixed failure. This scoping review showed that sodium ascorbate appears to effectively recover the bond strength of resin composite restorations to dentin treated with NaOCl. However, it is important to note the limited number of studies and the heterogeneity observed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: With rising rates of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) use, the exploration of CAM integration into oncology treatments is becoming increasingly prevalent. Antioxidants have been proposed as potentially beneficial to prevent or treat cancer. However, evidence summaries are limited, and the United States Preventive Services Task Force has recently recommended the use of Vitamin C and E supplementation for cancer prevention. Thus, the objective of this systematic review is to evaluate the existing literature on the safety and efficacy of antioxidant supplementation in oncology patients. Methods: A systematic review was conducted following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines, using prespecified search terms in PubMed and CINAHL. Two reviewers independently reviewed titles, abstracts, and full-text articles, with a third reviewer resolving conflicts, before the included articles underwent data extraction and quality appraisal. Results: Twenty-four articles met the inclusion criteria. Of the included studies, nine evaluated selenium, eight evaluated Vitamin C, four evaluated Vitamin E, and three of these studies included a combination of two or more of these agents. The most frequently evaluated cancer types included colorectal cancer (n = 4), leukemias (n = 4), breast cancer (n = 3), and genitourinary cancers (n = 3). Most of the studies focused on the antioxidants' therapeutic efficacy (n = 15) or their use in protecting against chemotherapy- or radiation-induced side effects (n = 8), and one study evaluated the role of an antioxidant in protection against cancer. Findings were generally favorable among the studies, and adverse effects of supplementation were limited. Furthermore, the average score for all the included articles on the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool was 4.2, indicating the high quality of the studies. Conclusions: Antioxidant supplements may provide benefits in reducing incidence or severity of treatment-induced side effects with limited risk for adverse effects. Large, randomized controlled trials are needed to confirm these findings among various cancer diagnoses and stages. Healthcare providers should understand the safety and efficacy of these therapies to address questions that arise in caring for those with cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to evaluate the potential therapeutic effects of Piper chaba (PC) growing in the northern region of India, having differences in the phytochemicals, nutritional content, antimicrobial and antioxidant properties by reducing power assay (RPA), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay, phosphomolybdate assay, and antidiabetic potential by α-amylase assay with change in the geographical location. Outcomes of the gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) analysis revealed that phytochemicals such as piperine (46.69%), kusunokinin (8.9%), and sitostenone (7.57%) are the prominent compounds found in PC. The plant has also shown a good nutritional value, i.e., iron (11.25 mg), calcium (147 mg), and vitamin C (9.30 mg) per 100 g. PC has a higher phenolic content than other species (⁓ 13.75 g/100 g plant powder). Among the four tested bacterial strains, the extract is best responsive toward Escherichia coli (35 ± 0.68 mm) which is more than the standard ciprofloxacin (24 ± 0.8 mm). Similarly, among two tested fungal strains, Saccharomyces cerevisiae shows the best zone of inhibition (ZOI) (27.5 ± 0.8 mm), which is greater than tat of standard amphotericin (20.25 ± 0.28 mm). The DDPH method demonstrated the highest antioxidant activity (⁓ 42.61 ± 1.82 µg/ml). IC50 for the antidiabetic potential of PC was found to be 23.09 ± 0.3 µg/ml against α-amylase assay. A molecular docking study revealed that three compounds, piperine, sitostenone and kusunokinin, showed strong binding affinity toward bacterial tyrosyl-tRNA synthetases, fungal dihydrofolate reductase, and α-amylase, respectively. Therefore, the findings of the current study indicate that PC can be considered as a source of food and medicines, either in the form of traditional preparations or as pure active constituents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Currently, metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH) are considered to be the main causes of fibrosis. In turn, fibrosis may lead to the development of hepatocellular carcinoma or advanced cirrhosis, i.e., potentially life-threatening conditions. It is likely that therapy aimed at reducing the risk of developing hepatic steatosis and inflammation could be helpful in minimizing the threat/probability of organ fibrosis. In recent years, increasing attention has been paid to the influence of nutraceuticals in the prevention and treatment of liver diseases. Therefore, the aim of this review was to describe the precise role of selected ingredients such as vitamin C, beta-carotene, omega-3 fatty acids, and curcumin. It is likely that the use of these ingredients in the treatment of patients with MASLD/MASH, along with behavioral and pharmacological therapy, may have a beneficial effect on combating inflammation, reducing oxidative stress, and thereby preventing liver damage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, different extraction methods and conditions were used for the extraction of antioxidants from brown macroalgae Fucus spiralis. The extraction methodologies used were ultrasound-assisted extraction (ultrasonic bath and ultrasonic probe), extraction with a vortex, extraction with an Ultra-Turrax® homogenizer, and high-pressure-assisted extraction. The extracts were analyzed for their total phenolic content (TPC) and their antioxidant activity, and evaluated through the 2,2-difenil-1-picrilhidrazil (DPPH) free radical scavenging method and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay. Ultrasonic probe-assisted extraction yielded the highest values of TPC (94.78–474.16 mg gallic acid equivalents/g extract). Regarding the antioxidant activity, vortex-assisted extraction gave the best DPPH results (IC50 1.89–16 µg/mL), while the highest FRAP results were obtained using the Ultra-Turrax® homogenizer (502.16–1188.81 μmol ascorbic acid equivalents/g extract). For each extraction method, response surface methodology was used to analyze the influence of the experimental conditions "extraction time" (t), "biomass/solvent ratio" (R), "solvent" (S, water % in water/ethanol mixture), and "pressure" (P) on TPC, DPPH, and FRAP of the F. spiralis extracts. In general, higher TPC content and higher antioxidant capacity (lower IC50 and higher FRAP) were obtained with higher R, t, and P, and lower S (higher ethanol %). The model regarding the combined effects of independent variables t, R, and S on the FRAP response values for vortex-assisted extractions best fitted the experimental data (R2 0.957), with optimal extraction conditions of t = 300 s, R = 50 g, and S = 25%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ascorbic acid (AsA) plays an indispensable role in plants, serving as both an antioxidant and a master regulator of the cellular redox balance. Ascorbate oxidase (AO) is a blue copper oxidase that is responsible for the oxidation of AsA with the concomitant production of water. For many decades, AO was erroneously postulated as an enzyme without any obvious advantage, as it decreases the AsA pool size and thus is expected to weaken plant stress resistance. It was only a decade ago that this perspective shifted towards the fundamental role of AO in orchestrating both AsA and oxygen levels by influencing the overall redox balance in the extracellular matrix. Consistent with its localization in the apoplast, AO is involved in cell expansion, division, resource allocation, and overall plant yield. An increasing number of transgenic studies has demonstrated that AO can also facilitate communication between the surrounding environment and the cell, as its gene expression is highly responsive to factors such as hormonal signaling, oxidative stress, and mechanical injury. This review aims to describe the multiple functions of AO in plant growth, development, and stress resilience, and explore any additional roles the enzyme might have in fruits during the course of ripening. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Moringa oleifera leaves are rich sources of bioactive compounds with potential health benefits, including antioxidants and anti-inflammatory agents. Pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) stands out as a promising technique for effectively extracting valuable compounds from natural sources. In this study, we aimed to optimize PLE parameters, such as temperature, extraction duration, and pressure, to maximize bioactive compound (polyphenols, flavonoids, and ascorbic acid) yield from M. oleifera leaves and evaluate their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. According to the outcomes of this research, the maximum achieved total polyphenol content was 24.10 mg gallic acid equivalents (GAE)/g of dry weight (dw), and the total flavonoid content was increased up to 19.89 mg rutin equivalents (RtE)/g dw. Moreover, after HPLC-DAD analysis, neochlorogenic and chlorogenic acids, catechin and epicatechin, rutin, and narirutin were identified and quantified. As far as the optimum ascorbic acid content is concerned, it was found to be 4.77 mg/g dw. The antioxidant activity was evaluated by three different methods: ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), the DPPH method, and the anti-hydrogen peroxide activity (AHPA) method, resulting in 124.29 μmol ascorbic acid equivalent (AAE)/g dw, 131.28 μmol AAE/g dw, and 229.38 μmol AAE/g dw values, respectively. Lastly, the albumin denaturation inhibition was found to be 37.54%. These findings underscore the potential of PLE as an efficient extraction method for preparing extracts from M. oleifera leaves with the maximum content of bioactive compounds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fresh fruits of five guava (Psidium guajava L.) cultivars were assessed for ascorbic acid (AA) content and enzymatic antioxidants (superoxide dismutase [SOD] and ascorbate peroxidase [APX]) activities, while extracted peel and pulp samples were analyzed for total phenol (TP) and total flavonoids (TFs). The hydrophilic and lipophilic antioxidant activity was evaluated using six different analytical assays. We noticed significant differences in the antioxidant compounds (AA, TP, and TF). SOD and APX activities varied from ∼54 to 71 and ∼41 to 59 U/g FW, respectively. Cv. KG Guava had the highest TP (in both hydrophilic and lipophilic peel and pulp fractions) and TF (in hydrophilic pulp and lipophilic peel and pulp fractions). Therefore, the strongest antioxidant potential was exhibited by KG Guava using most of the assays, which was followed by the cultivars Kimchu and Salithong. The results provide valuable information about antioxidant potential of guava peel and pulp fractions, which is essential for their future application in the food and health industry. Core Ideas: Fractionate (peel and pulp) assessment of bioactive molecules in different guava genotypes is investigated.Fractionate assessment of antioxidant potential in different guava genotypes is studied using different analytical methods.Enzymatic antioxidant power determination in different guava genotypes is discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Antioxidant properties, betalain profiles and biochemical composition were studied in table beets with maroon and yellow root colors. Features of dynamic changes during the growing season were described. Significant differences in antioxidant activity were found in table beet accessions with differently colored roots. Negative dynamics of antioxidant activity were observed in all accessions. Statistically significant differences were registered among the accessions in the total amounts of phenolic compounds, chlorophylls, and betalains. The group of maroon accessions demonstrated strong positive correlations between their antioxidant activity and total phenolics (r = 0.91), antioxidant activity and betacyanins (r = 0.80), and between betacyanins and phenolics (r = 0.90). The antioxidant activity in the accessions with yellow roots was associated with chlorophyll b (r = 0.85), ascorbic acid (r = 0.83), and total phenolics (r = 0.83). The data are presented on the structure of betalains in two table beet groups contrasting in their root color. The results of the study made it possible to identify key components in the biochemical profile of differently colored beetroots, associated with their high antioxidant activity. Dynamic changes were shown for the antioxidant activity and fractional composition of betalains in table beet during its growing season, and a conclusion was made concerning the higher nutritional value of maroon cultivars. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: Pigs are exposed to various stressors, which can disrupt their internal balance and compromise their well-being. Stress can adversely affect animal performance, fertility, and immunity, leading to economic losses for farmers. Incorporating antioxidants in pig breeding can counteract those changes. This review presents studies investigating the impact of additional vitamin supplementation on stress reduction in pigs. It highlights the potential benefits of these dietary antioxidants in maintaining pig health. Good practices in farm animal care are crucial for upholding animal well-being, efficiency, and health. Pigs, like other farm animals, are exposed to various stressors, including environmental, nutritional, chemical, psychological, physiological, and metabolic stressors, which can disrupt their internal balance and compromise their well-being. Oxidative stress can adversely affect animal performance, fertility, and immunity, leading to economic losses for farmers. Dietary considerations are hugely important in attaining these objectives. This paper reviews studies investigating the impact of additional vitamin supplementation on stress reduction in pigs. Vitamin A can be beneficial in counteracting viral and parasitic threats. Vitamin B can be a potential solution for reproductive issues, but it might also be beneficial in reducing the effects of inappropriate nutrition. Vitamin C plays a vital role in reducing the effects of heat stress or exposure to toxins in pigs. Vitamin D proves to be beneficial in addressing stress induced mostly by infections and weaning, while vitamin E has been shown to mitigate the effects of toxins, heat stress, or transport stress. This review highlights the potential benefits of these dietary antioxidants in maintaining pig health, enhancing productivity, and counteracting the adverse effects of various stressors. Understanding the role of vitamins in pig nutrition and stress management is vital for optimising farm animal welfare and production efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Metal complexes derived from Schiff bases are known to have a wide range of applications, spanning the areas of material and medicinal sciences. Herein, a Schiff base ligand, (Z)‐2‐(((4‐chlorophenyl)imino)methyl)naphthalen‐1‐ol HL, was synthesized via a condensation reaction between 2‐hydroxy‐1‐naphthaldehyde and 4‐chloroaniline using methanol as a solvent in the presence of a catalytic amount of formic acid. The obtained ligand was further reacted with Mn(II), Ni(II), and Cu(II) using their acetate salts in a 1 : 2 stoichiometric ratio of metal to ligand to afford complexes C1–C3, respectively. Physicochemical and analytical techniques consisting of FTIR, UV‐Vis, elemental (CHN and metal content), TGA, HRMS, 1H, and 13 C NMR spectroscopy were deployed to establish the formation of the compounds. Results show that the ligand coordinated with the metal ions through the oxygen and nitrogen atoms of the phenolate and azomethine moieties, respectively, forming ON‐type complexes. Furthermore, the free ligand and its complexes were evaluated for their antioxidant activity compared to the standard (ascorbic acid) using an in vitro DPPH radical scavenging assay. From this investigation, C1 demonstrated higher radical scavenging activity than the free ligand, the complexes, and the standard (ascorbic acid). But the ligand has better scavenging activity than C2 and C3 at higher concentrations. DFT was also used to examine the electronic properties of the compounds, and the data obtained corroborated well with the experimental study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tomatoes are low in calories, however, they provide the precious content of vitamins, minerals, organic acids, carbohydrates, and, especially, carotenoids (β-carotene and lycopene), as essential requirements for the normal functioning of the human body. The latest study aimed to quantify the various compounds that exhibit antioxidant activities in different tomato cultivars. Tomato landraces with the supreme content of individual chemicals and complex of varied traits can serve as genetic sources in breeding for obtaining the tomato genotypes with the highest content of carotenoids, ascorbic acid, phenols, dry matter, and soluble sugars. Comparative analysis of tomato cultivars showed that to obtain genetic material with an enhanced content of secondary metabolites, the following tomato cultivars are recommendable for the desired hybridization to make possible cross combinations, i.e., Black Jack, Shirley, Bosare blue, and Christmas Blueberry and can suggest more precisely for high carotenoids content. Tomato cultivars VS169-19 and Paul Robeson can benefit as sources of soluble sugars and antioxidants, such as ascorbic acid and polyphenols. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Antioxidant capacity, cytotoxicity on two vital cell lines and the anti-cancer activity of methanolic Urtica dioica L. leaf extract (UDE) collected from Duzkoy, Giresun, Turkey were studied by determining safe concentration. The antioxidant capacity of the extract was expressed as vitamin C equivalency by spectrophotometric MTT assay. The cytotoxic concentration 50% was measured by the linearity between UDE concentrations (CC50) and the cell viability of non-cancer kidney cell lines (BHK-21, MDBK). The anti-cancer activity was conducted on human hepatocellular carcinoma cells (HepG2) by determining inhibition concentration (IC50) on cell proliferation. The vitamin C equivalence of UDE increased linearly by increasing the concentration. The cytotoxic and non-toxic concentrations of UDE were determined on BHK-21 and MDBK with 15.71 mg/ml and 5.14 mg/ml of CC50 respectively. The extract inhibited the proliferation of human hepatocellular carcinoma cells with a 2.46 mg/ml of IC50. In conclusion, the present study tried to explain in detail the dose-dependent activity of Urtica dioica L. leaf extract. The dose-response results showed that Urtica dioica L. leaf extract could have low cytotoxicity, but potential anti-cancer activity at safe concentrations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: The uses of egg white powder (EWP) are restricted because of its odor. It is necessary to find a method to improve its flavor. In this paper, three different antioxidants -- green tea extract (GTE), sodium ascorbate (SA), and glutathione (GSH) -- were selected to modify the flavor. The physicochemical and structural properties of EWP were investigated to study the mechanism of the formation and release of volatile compounds. RESULTS: Antioxidants can modify the overall flavor of EWP significantly, inhibiting the generation or release of nonanal, 3-methylbutanal, heptanal, decanal, geranyl acetone, and 2-pemtylfuran. A SA-EWP combination showed the lowest concentration of 'off' flavor compounds; GTE-EWP and GSH-EWP could reduce several 'off' flavor compounds but increased the formation of geranyl acetone and furans. The changes in the carbonyl content and the amino acid composition confirmed the inhibition of antioxidants with the oxidative degradation of proteins or characteristic amino acids. The results of fluorescence spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy provided structural information regarding EWP, which showed the release of volatile compounds decreased due to structural changes. For example, the surface hydrophobicity increased and the protein aggregation state changed. CONCLUSIONS: Antioxidants reduce the 'off' flavor of EWP in two ways: they inhibit protein oxidation and Maillard reactions (they inhibit formation of 3-methylbutanal and 2-pemtylfuran) and they enhance the binding ability of heat-denatured proteins (reducing the release of nonanal, decanal, and similar compounds). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The 2-cyano-3-(indol-3-yl)acryloyl chloride, a building block synthon prepared in good yield, was utilized for the synthesis of various indolylacrylamide and indole-based heterocycles. Thus, the aforementioned acid chloride was allowed to react with various oxygen, sulfur, and nitrogen nucleophiles, in addition to mono- and bidentate nucleophiles. The pyrazolidine derivatives were produced on interactions with phenylhydrazine and 2-cyanoethanohydrazide. The antioxidant activity of the synthesized compounds was assessed using the phosphomolybdenum technique and ascorbic acid as a standard. The findings displayed that indolyl-based azine, pyrazolidine, cyanoacetamide, and benzodiazepine derivatives were the most active antioxidants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Total antioxidant capacity (TAC) holds immense importance in evaluating the milk quality. However, achieving accuracy and comparability in TAC measurement requires a thorough examination of detection methods and the constituents of antioxidants. This research focussed on developing TAC evaluation system tailored for processed milk, and the applicability of four assays (ABTS, FRAP, DPPH and ORAC) was examined, considering their compatibility with antioxidants. For fractionated milk, defatting and deproteinisation processes targeted reduced fat‐soluble (phospholipids by 88.75%) and water‐soluble (ascorbic acid and riboflavin by 55.22% and 63.85%) components, respectively. ORAC assay proved effective for detecting deproteinised milk, whereas DPPD assay displayed heightened sensitivity to alterations in milk fat antioxidants. Regarding pressure‐ and heat‐treated milk, homogenisation increased the availability of phosphatidylcholine (36.59–57.53 mg/L) and sphingomyelin (5.56–10.35 mg/L). However, the TAC of heat‐treated milk experienced a significant reduction due to the degradation of various fat‐soluble antioxidants. ORAC and ABTS assays were found suitable for assessing homogenised and heat‐treated milk, respectively. The peroxide value of reconstituted processed milk fell within the range of 98.48%–104.57% compared to untreated whole milk, affirming the accuracy of key antioxidants and detection methods. This study provides valuable insights for the meticulous assessment and enhancement of antioxidant capacity in milk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work's main objective was to investigate the gum Arabic effect on reducing oxidative stress in bell peppers during ripening. Gum Arabic in 6, 9, 12, and 15% aqueous solutions was applied as an edible coating before storage on mature bell peppers stored at 8°C and 90-95% relative humidity for 28 days. The fruits that were coated with 12% gum Arabic had the lowest rate of decay, weight loss, total carotenoid content, and peroxidation of membrane lipids, as well as the highest total antioxidant capacity, total phenol, ascorbic acid, and antioxidant enzyme activity (superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, and catalase) during storage compared to the control without coating and the fruit treated with 6 and 9% gum. Still, there was no statistically significant difference with the fruit treated with 15% gum Arabic except for the total carotenoid content. The amount of peroxidation of membrane lipids showed positive and high correlation coefficients with decay (0.93**) and physiological weight loss (0.89**), but with antioxidant capacity (-0.93**), ascorbic acid (-0.94**), total phenol (-0.92**), activity of SOD (-0.96**), CAT (-0.87**) and POD (-0.86**) correlation. It was negative and high. The results showed that the use of 12% gum Arabic as an edible coating can delay oxidative stress and decay and maintain the antioxidant properties of the fruit for up to 28 days during storage at 8 degrees Celsius. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Transport in water is the most common method for transporting live fish in China, however, transport is a strong stressor. Transport stress could lead to a reduced immune and antioxidant system function of tiger grouper, resulting in sickness and death. Besides, tiger grouper were continuously stressed during transport, which resulted in quality deterioration. It is necessary that find a way to relieve the stress of transportation of tiger grouper. Ascorbic acid is not only a good anti-stress agent, but it is also an effective immunostimulant. ß-1,3-glucan is a feed additive that can enhance the immune response of fish. Therefore, this study evaluated the effects of ß-1,3-glucan and ascorbic acid on the nutritional-immune response and antioxidant signaling pathways of live tiger grouper during simulated transport. Results indicated that adding ß-1,3-glucan and ascorbic acid in transport-water muted the increase of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activity. In addition, ß-1,3-glucan and ascorbic acid activated Nrf2 and mediated TOR expression and then upregulate related mRNA expression of antioxidant and immune enzymes. We concluded that the application of ß-1,3-glucan and ascorbic acid inhibit the increase of metabolism enzymes and inflammatory factors and activate immune and antioxidant signaling pathways to relieve oxidant stress, immune response, and apoptosis. Reducing the loss of amino acids provided nutrients to relieve oxidative stress and immune response, which demonstrated immune-nutritional response in live tiger grouper during simulated transport. These results may provide a new solution for alleviating the decline of immune and antioxidant function of tiger grouper caused by transportation stress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Objectives The storage time of platelet concentrate is limited to 3-5 days due to various factors, including bacterial contamination and platelet storage lesions. Antioxidant agents have been found to significantly improve the survival and function of platelets. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of the antioxidant compounds L-carnitine, Resveratrol, and Vitamin C on platelet oxidative stress during storage. Materials and Methods This experimental study utilized six platelet concentrate bags to evaluate the antioxidant effect of L-carnitine, Resveratrol, and Vitamin C at concentrations of 50 and 100 mM. The effects of these antioxidants on malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) enzyme activity, H2O2, and pH levels were measured on days 0, 3, and 5 of platelet storage. The data was analyzed using GraphPad Prism version 8 software and one-way ANOVA tests. Results The concentration of 100 mM antioxidant compounds had a stronger protective effect compared to 50 mM. These effects were significant on the fifth day of platelet storage. The impact of these antioxidants resulted in improving platelet quality, including a decrease in MDA levels, and LDH activity. Conclusions The results showed that the antioxidant compounds can affect oxidative conditions created during five days of storage and reduce platelet destruction during this time through a specific biochemical mechanism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: Due to the increasing incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma, which is a global problem, it is valuable to present the latest available literature that describes dietary options for preventing the development of hepatocellular carcinoma and the possibilities of dietary therapy for oncological patients. The authors firstly focus on discussing Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease as a factor induced by improper dietary habits, while simultaneously suggesting the adoption of a Mediterranean diet as a model to counteract metabolic disorders resulting in HCC development. Subsequently, the authors discuss the potential for dietary modulation of autophagy processes, the necessity of supporting microbiota, the importance of providing selected vitamins and minerals, as well as compounds particularly valued for their anti-cancer properties, also observed in the case of HCC. The last aspect addressed is the consumption of products contributing to anti-tumor activity. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is diagnosed annually in nearly a million people worldwide, with approximately half of them being diagnosed at an advanced stage of the disease. Non-infectious risk factors for the development of HCC include an unbalanced lifestyle, including poor dietary choices characterized by a low intake of antioxidants, such as vitamins E and C, selenium, and polyphenols, as well as an excessive consumption of energy and harmful substances. Repeated bad dietary choices that contribute to an unbalanced lifestyle lead to the accumulation of fatty substances in the liver and to it entering an inflammatory state, which, without intervention, results in cirrhosis, the main cause of HCC. This review of the English language literature aims to present the food components that, when included in the daily diet, reduce the risk of developing HCC, as well as identifying foods that may have a carcinogenic effect on liver cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Endothelium-dependent vasodilation can be tested using a variety of shear stress paradigms, some of which may involve the production of reactive oxygen species. The purpose of this study was to compare different methods for assessing endothelial function and their specific involvement of reactive oxygen species and influence of aerobic training status. Twenty-nine (10 F) young and healthy participants (VO2max: 34–74 mL·kg−1·min−1) consumed either an antioxidant cocktail (AOC; vitamin C, vitamin E, α-lipoic acid) or placebo (PLA) on each of two randomized visits. Endothelial function was measured via three different brachial artery flow-mediated dilation (FMD) tests: reactive hyperemia (RH-FMD: 5 min cuff occlusion and release), sustained shear (SS-FMD: 6 min rhythmic handgrip), and progressive sustained shear (P-SS-FMD: three intensities of 3 min of rhythmic handgrip). Baseline artery diameter decreased (all tests: 3.8 ± 0.5 to 3.7 ± 0.6 mm, p = 0.004), and shear rate stimulus increased (during RH-FMD test, p = 0.021; during SS-FMD test, p = 0.36; during P-SS-FMD test, p = 0.046) following antioxidant consumption. However, there was no difference in FMD following AOC consumption (RH-FMD, PLA: 8.1 ± 2.6%, AOC: 8.2 ± 3.5%, p = 0.92; SS-FMD, PLA: 6.9 ± 3.9%, AOC: 7.8 ± 5.2%, p = 0.15) or FMD per shear rate slope (P-SS-FMD: PLA: 0.0039 ± 0.0035 mm·s−1, AOC: 0.0032 ± 0.0017 mm·s−1, p = 0.28) and this was not influenced by training status/fitness (all p > 0.60). Allometric scaling did not alter these outcomes (all p > 0.40). Reactive oxygen species may not be integral to endothelium-dependent vasodilation tested using reactive, sustained, or progressive shear protocols in young males and females, regardless of fitness level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The manuscript provides an overview of recent scientific reports on the properties and range of health-promoting effects of acerola (Malpighia emarginata DC) fruits and leaves. Acerola is a natural raw material that, in its unprocessed form, is known to be a rich source of vitamin C and polyphenolic compounds. For this reason, the consumption of acerola may provide a number of health-promoting benefits, particularly related to its strong anti-free radical effects. The review discusses anti-inflammatory and anticancer effects of acerola fruit and leaves as well as its therapeutic effects on selected physiological processes in the human system. Their biochemical mechanisms are also explained. Recommendations for the consumption of acerola in the prevention of inflammatory and free radical diseases are presented. The part of the article devoted to anticancer effects of acerola describes the possibilities of using the edible parts of this raw material to obtain products and preparations of potential use in cancer prevention and therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Desirable inhibition of browning rate and enzyme (PPO/POD) activities were found with the progression of 15 days of storage under 4 ± 1 ℃. • Findings suggest herbal extract coating can be an effective alternative to chemical coating due to its increased antioxidant activity. • 80 and 60 % inhibition of phenolase and peroxidase were observed in coated pear slices in comparison with control pear slices. • C. sinensis extract was better among all applied herbs in inhibiting discoloration enzymes and showed a lower browning index. The main objective of the research study is to evaluate the effect of herbs (O. basilicum, O. vulgare, C. sinensis) extract-coated pear slices on its physiochemical quality attributes, discoloration rate, and browning enzyme activity in comparison with chemical (ascorbic acid) coated pear slices over 15 days at 4 ± 1 ℃. A significant difference (p < 0.05) between herbs and ascorbic acid-coated pear slices was obtained in terms of physiochemical quality attributes, whereby the highest variation was obtained in uncoated pear slices (control) and the least variation was observed in herbs-coated pear slices, more specifically C. sinensis spray, and dip (6 min) extract showed the highest inhibition of PPO/POD activity and the minimum browning index was noticeable throughout 15 days of storage. These findings showed that herbal extract coating application to fresh-cut pears might be a desirable strategy to alleviate discoloration, also considered to be an effective alternative to chemical coating. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rapid and inexpensive one-pot multicomponent synthesis of 1H-pyrazolo[1,2-b]phthalazine-5,10-dione through a condensation reaction of aryl aldehyde, malononitrile or ethyl cyanoacetate and phthalhydrazide catalyzed by water extract of papaya bark ash (WEPBA) solvent medium under microwave irradiation is described. The catalytic medium is used environmentally friendly, and provides several benefits of being simple, inexpensive, high yield, simple work-up and not required hazardous solvent for the reaction. Some of the selected derivatives were characterized by FT-IR, 1H-, and 13C-NMR, and mass spectrometry techniques. The oxidation-reduction properties of the synthesized compounds (4b, 4e, 4f, 4i, and 4k and 6f, 6g, 6h, 6i, and 6j) were studied using cyclic voltammetry (CV). The voltammetry peak current for the oxidation-reduction of the compounds examined at different scan rates. Further, some of the selected 1H-pyrazolo[1,2-b]phthalazine-5,10-dione derivatives were evaluated in vitro antioxidant activity using DPPH assay method. The result appears that, compounds 4b, 4e, 4i, 6f, 6g, and 6h possess significant antioxidant properties in comparison with the ascorbic acid reference. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nutritional Immunity is one of the most ancient innate immune responses, during which the body can restrict nutrients availability to pathogens and restricts their uptake by the gut mucosa (mucosal block). Though this can be a beneficial strategy during infection, it also is associated with non‐communicable diseases—where the pathogen is missing; leading to increased morbidity and mortality as micronutritional uptake and distribution in the body is hindered. Here, we discuss the acute immune response in respect to nutrients, the opposing nutritional demands of regulatory and inflammatory cells and particularly focus on some nutrients linked with inflammation such as iron, vitamins A, Bs, C, and other antioxidants. We propose that while the absorption of certain micronutrients is hindered during inflammation, the dietary lymph path remains available. As such, several clinical trials investigated the role of the lymphatic system during protein absorption, following a ketogenic diet and an increased intake of antioxidants, vitamins, and minerals, in reducing inflammation and ameliorating disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study was conducted to evaluate the concentration of heavy metals (Iron-Fe, Nickel-Ni, Lead-Pb, Chromium-Cr, Cadmium-Cd, Cobalt-Co) in twenty samples of common spices (Cuminum cyminum, Piper cubeba, Piper nigrum, Cinnamomum cassia, and Zingiber officinale) collected from four local markets (M1, M2, M3, M4) in Samarra city.Their antioxidant activity was also evaluated. The results indicated that the concentration of Fe, Ni,Cd were higher than the permissible limit in some samples according to the place of collection, with low concentration for Co than the permissible limitin all the samples except in Piper nigrum and Zingiber officinale which collected from M1 and in M2 respectively, and also the results indicated that the concentration of Crwas less than the permissible limit except in Piper nigrum from M1 andZingiber officinale from M2, And also the concentration of lead was less than the permissible limit(0.2ppm) for all the samples under investigation. The study also determined the IC50 valuefor reducing power of some spices and also for ascorbic acid as standard, the results indicated that Cinnamomum cassia have high reducing power as compared with ascorbic acid as standard, while the other samples showed less reducing power than standard. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A study was conducted to determine the effects of packaging materials, and storage time on physicochemical and antioxidant properties of commercial concentrate orange juice largely consumed in Algeria (Ramy). The juice was packaged in different packaging materials (glass, cardboard and plastic bottles) and stored for three months at room temperature. Total soluble solids, pH, titratable acidity, vitamin C, and antioxidant activity (DPPH method) were evaluated in freshly juice, and after 1,2, and 3 months of storage. The results showed that total soluble solids, pH, vitamin C and antioxidant activity decreased with storage time under different storage time, irrespective of packaging materials. On the contray, the acidity increased during storage. The juice in glass bottles did not show significant changes until the end of storage. It was conducted that glass bottles packing proved to be most suitable for orange juice storage, which maintained the better quality and antioxidant properties loss than rest of the packing materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) production is low because of different environmental stresses. Salt stress significantly reduces lettuce growth and yield. Foliar application of ascorbic acid is considered as a possible way to mitigate the adverse salinity effects on plants. This current study investigated the effect of foliar spray of ascorbic acid (control, 100, 200, 300 and 400 mg/L) to mitigate negative effects of salinity (0, 50, 100 and 150 mM NaCl) in lettuce plants in 2019 and 2020. Salinity level of 200 mM NaCl significantly reduced growth and yield traits; i.e. leaf length and diameter, number of leaves, fresh plant weight, number of roots, root length and root dry weight and these traits increased under foliar application of ascorbic acid concentration of 400 mg/L. Two salinity levels (150 and 200 mM NaCl) × 400 mg/L ascorbic acid enhanced superoxide dismutase (SOD) content in lettuce plants. Peroxidase (POD) content increased in 200 mM NaCl and 400 mg/L ascorbic acid. Catalase (CAT) content increased in 100, 150 and 200 mM NaCl and 400 mg/L ascorbic acid. Ascorbic acid was significantly greater in 200 mM NaCl and 400 mg/L ascorbic acid. Phenolic content was the maximum in 200 mM NaCl and 300 mg/L and 400 mg/L ascorbic acid. Titratable acidity was higher in 0, 50, 100, 150 and 200 mM NaCl and control of ascorbic acid. We conclude that ascorbic acid had potential to mitigate the adverse effects of salinity by reducing oxidative injury in agricultural crops especially lettuce. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Storage changes of antioxidants in previously developed beverage formulations from Hibiscus sabdarriffa extract, pineapple, oranges and carrots (26.3, 40, 17.2 and 16.5%), respectively was investigated. The blend was filled into bottles and part of it pasteurized at 90°C for 5 min and the other part left unpasteurized. The pasteurized and unpasteurized samples were stored at room and refrigeration temperature for 4 months and were analyzed each month. The pH, vitamin C, carotenoid, color parameters and antioxidants decreased significantly (p˂0.05), while the TTA and microbial loads increased with increase in storage period. Antioxidant activities in all the beverage samples decreased significantly (p˂0.05) after 4 months of storage; however, refrigerated storage temperature maintained higher antioxidants activities. The combination of pasteurization and refrigeration storage retained about 75% vitamin C, 53% carotenoid and 56–79% antioxidants, respectively. Lastly, the study confirmed that the degradation of vitamin C content in the beverages followed the first-order reaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Blackcurrants are nutrient-rich fruits with a significant amount of bioactive compounds including vitamin C and polyphenols, especially anthocyanins. The high phytochemical content of blackcurrants promotes this fruit to become a valuable functional food ingredient with varying health-promoting activities targeting different consumers including athletes. Athletes experience oxidative stress during intense exercise, which can result in inflammation and reduced exercise performance. Antioxidants such as vitamin C and polyphenols can restore the regular oxidative status of the body. Blackcurrant supplementation has shown potential ergogenic activity to improve athlete performance during high-intensity training. Clinical trials have evaluated the effectiveness of blackcurrant supplementation on exercise performance, fat oxidation, blood lactate levels, muscle fatigue, and cardiac output. Due to the rich nutritional value of blackcurrants, they can be a potential candidate for the development of functional foods targeted at the improved performance of athletes. Blackcurrants can be used as ingredients to develop functional beverages and snacks for athletes as well as gluten-free products for celiac athletes.Blackcurrant is rich in bioactive compounds that can help improve athletic performance. It can be considered a potential bioactive ingredient to develop functional foods for athletes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ladakh's wild edible plant species (WEPs) provide a vital source of food, nutrition, and medicine to the region's indigenous populations. However, WEPs' nutritional and antioxidant properties are missing in the region. The current study examined the nutritional values, total phenolic, total flavonoid, and antioxidant capabilities of 11 WEPs from the cold-arid region of Ladakh, India. Lactucata tatarica had the greatest carbohydrate content (36.48 ± 0.15 mg g-1Dw) among 11 wild edible plant species. Malva verticillata had a greater glucose concentration (292.74 ± 0.01 ng g-1Dw), and Urtica hyperborea had higher protein and vitamin C levels (38.07 ± 2.44 and 49.95 ± 1.18 mg g-1Dw, respectively). The plant samples collected were also shown to have high total phenolic, flavonoid, and antioxidant capabilities. Our findings revealed that these species should be promoted as a natural source of nutraceuticals, with the potential to supplement the diets of locals. To boost food availability in a location noted for its intense weather conditions and short vegetative period, an agroforestry system that promotes sustainable use and increases the output of these species is critical. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Adapted European seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax L.) larvae at 25 days post-hatching (dph) with a primary weight and length of 23 mg and 9.92 mm, start the weaning up to 46 dph using the weaning micro-diet (54% crude protein from fish meal, powder milk, and poultry egg) concurrently with Artemia enriched with fortification emulsions (0.6 g/L) of DHA selco® as a control group (DHAS) or Fish oil + 20% Vitamin C (FOVC), or Fish oil + 20% Vitamin E (FOVE), or Fish oil + 10% Vit. C +10% Vit. E (FOCE), or Fish oil only (FO). At 46 dph, groups of larvae fed enriched Artemia with DHAS and FOVE exhibited the highest final body weight, weight gain, average daily gain, specific growth rate, feed intake, protein efficiency ratio, and survival% as well as the lowest feed conversion ratio. Meanwhile, larvae in FOVC displayed the lowest final body weight, total length, weight gain, average daily gain, specific growth rate, feed intake, protein efficiency ratio, and survival% as well as the highest feed conversion ratio. Gastrointestinal histological assessment exhibited no pathological alteration as well as an improvement in the structure with DHAS, FOVE, FOVC, and FOCE co-additives compared to FO. Glutathione peroxidase enzyme (GPx) recorded the highest rates (P < 0.05) in groups fed Artemia supplemented with DHAS and FOVE followed by FOCE and FOVC. While the lowest record for GPx activity was noted in the FO group. In conclusion, Using augmented Artemia nauplii with fish oil + vitamin E in single or in companion with vitamin C as cheap antioxidants support D. labrax larval growth, survival, and antioxidant efficacy during the critical weaning period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: A new antioxidant serum has been formulated with sodium ascorbate, a sodium salt of Vit C, which aims to address facial photodamage while maintaining a low irritation profile and preserving elastin. Detailed background science has been submitted in a previous publication. This open‐label study was conducted to validate the science by demonstrating product efficacy and tolerability in patients with moderate to severe facial photodamage. Methods: A multicenter, open‐label clinical study was undertaken over 5 months from March 2023 to July 2023. Thirty six eligible participants (35 female, 1 male), aged 38–69 years, and Fitzpatrick skin types II–V were enrolled into and completed the study following 12 weeks of the topical antioxidant serum use twice daily, along with the following supporting products (gentle cleanser, moisturizer, and sunscreen for as needed use). Follow‐up visits were conducted in Weeks 2, 4, 8, and 12. At every visit, participants were evaluated for facial photodamage severity and test product tolerability. Additionally, study participants underwent subject assessments and satisfaction questionnaires, investigator assessments, biopsy collection, and photography. Results: Significant improvements in all evaluated facial photodamage parameters were observed at 12 weeks together with excellent tolerability and subject satisfaction persisting to Week 12 at study completion. Histology most notably revealed increased elastin fibers in 5 out of 5 post 12‐week treatment biopsies on Movat staining, while Herovici stains revealed stimulation of collagen and early formation of new fibers. Conclusion: A novel antioxidant serum has demonstrated to be safe and effective for addressing facial photodamage, while stimulating the production of both elastin and collagen in the extracellular matrix (ECM). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Vitiligo is a chronic, common disease of still unknown etiology characterized by circumscribed ivory or chalky white macules of different size and shape. The pathogenesis of vitiligo is complex and still not well understood. According to autocytotoxic hypothesis, oxidative stress has been suggested to be the initial pathogenic event in melanocyte degeneration. Objective: The present study was conducted with an objective to evaluate the role of oxidative stress and antioxidant status in the pathogenesis of vitiligo. Materials and Methods: A total of sixty (60) subjects (age group 14-50 years) of both sexes were enrolled in this study. Of 60, 30 were clinically diagnosed cases of vitiligo of all types and remaining 30 were normal healthy controls. The indicator of oxidative stress was determined by measuring serum level of MDA. The role of antioxidant was determined by measuring serum levels of SOD and Vitamin C. Results: The mean serum level of MDA was significantly increased in vitiligo patients compared to controls while the mean serum level of SOD was significantly decreased in patients of vitiligo than controls. Also, Vitamin C was decreased in vitiligo compared to controls but was insignificant. Conclusion: The result of the present study demonstrates imbalance between oxidant-antioxidant system and support the associations between oxidative stress and free radical-mediated damage in the pathogenesis of vitiligo. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: This cross-sectional study investigated the relationship between composite dietary antioxidant index (CDAI) and individual dietary antioxidant intakes, including vitamins A, C, and E, zinc, selenium, and carotenoids, and bone mineral density (BMD) in the US population aged 20 years older. We found a positive correlation between CDAI and femoral BMD. Moreover, higher intakes of vitamin C, vitamin E, selenium, zinc, and carotenoids were associated with higher femoral BMD. Introduction: While individual dietary antioxidants have shown beneficial effects on bone metabolism, the diverse and potentially interacting nature of dietary components may limit the accuracy of evaluating their impact on bone health. Thus, this study aims to investigate the association between CDAI and BMD. Additionally, we explore the relationship between the intake of individual components of the CDAI and BMD. Methods: The CDAI is a novel index evaluating total dietary antioxidant intake, considering vitamins A, C, and E, zinc, selenium, and carotenoids. A cross-sectional analysis was conducted using data from participants aged ≥ 20 in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2005–2010, 2013–2014, and 2017–2018). We utilized multivariate linear regression models to examine the relationship between CDAI, individual dietary antioxidants, including vitamins A, C, and E, zinc, selenium, carotenoids, and femoral BMD. Results: The final analysis included 10,584 participants with a mean age of 50.73 ± 16.65 years. After multivariate adjustment, the second to fourth quartiles of CDAI (− 2.00–0.04, 0.04–2.54, and 2.54–70.78) exhibited higher femoral BMD compared to the first quartile of CADI (− 7.34 to − 2.00). Multiple regression analysis revealed that higher intakes of vitamin C, vitamin E, selenium, zinc, and carotenoids were associated with higher femoral BMD. Conclusions: CDAI serves as a comprehensive tool for evaluating the overall antioxidant capacity of antioxidants in diets. Additionally, our study shows a positive correlation between CDAI and BMD, which indicates that the combined intake of dietary antioxidants may help reduce the risk of osteoporosis in adults. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Orange peel and its extract are good sources of phenols and vitamin C that can be used as powerful antioxidants and antibacterial. The effects of dietary ascorbic acid (AA), orange peel powder (OPP) and orange peel extract (OPE) supplementations on growth performance, blood biochemicals, gene expression and antioxidant status of growing rabbits under hot conditions were investigated. A total of 80 weaned Giant Flander male rabbits, five weeks old (606.25 ± 10.08 g), were randomly assigned to four groups. The first group received untreated diet (control group). The other groups received diets supplemented with 0.5 g AA/kg diet, 2% OPP and 500 mg OPE/kg diet. The lowest feed conversion ratio (FCR) was recorded by rabbits consumed diet supplemented with AA. Supplementations of OPP and OPE reduced blood plasma total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein and very-low density lipoprotein concentrations. The tested diets reduced triglycerides, total lipids, hydrogen peroxide, malondialdehyde levels, Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli of the rabbits cecum. Supplementation of OPE improved activities of superoxide dismutase gene (6.1475) and insulin-like growth factor-1 (9.2108). Conclusively, dietary supplementation of OPE improved rabbit performance through improving antioxidant enzyme activities as well as upregulation of insulin-like growth gene. Additionally, OPP and OPE (2% and 500 mg/kg diet, respectively) had antibacterial effects for growing rabbits under hot conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of antioxidant supplementation in diluted semen from Muscovy drakes after the induction of oxidative stress (OS) on the sperm motility, kinematic parameters and biochemical markers – lipid peroxidation (LPO) levels and total glutathione (tGSH) concentration. The pooled semen was distributed equally into three parts, diluted (1:3 v/v) with IMV Canadyl, HIA‐1 or AU, and stored at 4°C for 6 h. Later, the semen was equilibrated at 20–25°C for 15 min, and divided in Eppendorf tubes. The sperm samples (final concentration of 50 × 106 sperm cells/mL per sample) were incubated at 37°C for 30 min in the absence (−) or presence (+) of 0.1 mM FeSO4 + 0.5 mM H2O2 (Fenton system) and the following combinations of antioxidants: ascorbic acid + Trolox (A + T); ascorbic acid + Desferal (A + D); Trolox + Desferal (T + D) and ascorbic acid + Trolox + Desferal (A + T + D), all of them in a final concentration of 0.1 mM. Thus, the total number of samples was 30 and in each one, the sperm motility, velocity parameters, LPO and tGSH were determined. The motility and kinematic parameters of the diluted semen with added antioxidants were restored by up to 20% after inducing OS via the Fenton reaction. Dual combinations of antioxidants (A + T, A + D, and T + D) lowered LPO levels, but not equally across different extenders. After the induction of OS, the tGSH levels in diluted semen with IMV–Canadyl were not affected by the added antioxidants. Whereas antioxidant combinations in diluted semen with HIA‐1 or AU had a beneficial effect and partially restored tGSH levels. In conclusion, the results showed that the extender IMV–Canadyl is well balanced and protected the Muscovy semen under OS conditions, while the other two extenders HIA‐1 and AU can be improved by adding antioxidants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Postharvest fruits are highly perishable and have a limited shelf life. The nitric oxide (NO) is a widely used option to preserve qualities and delay senescence. This meta-analysis adopted a random-effect model and used standard mean difference (SMD). The databases used to gather studies systematically include Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar. The study selected 81 articles and 16 indicator parameters as per inclusion criteria. The result showed, NO application reduced weight loss of fruits. Whereas the firmness of fruit improved by the NO applications. In the subgroup of titratable acidity (TA) and ascorbic acid (AsA), NO exposure substantially improved both TA and AsA contents in treated fruits. Moreover, ethylene level and respiration rate were suppressed by the NO applications. NO-treated fruits were remarkably observed with limited ion leakage and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels. Concerning oxidation trends, NO application decreased superoxide anion (O2•–) and hydrogen peroxide (H202) contents. In addition, exogenous NO enhanced catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase activities (SOD). Similarly, peroxidase oxidase (POD) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) were improved in NO-treated fruits. Lastly, phenols and flavonoids were enhanced by NO application. Therefore, we conclude that most studies proved NO could substantially improve qualities and delay rapid senescence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ascorbic acid (AsA) is mainly known as an antioxidant. However, if the peculiar features of the AsA system in the different stages of seed development and germinationare taken into consideration, it can be concluded that the function of AsA goes far beyond its antioxidant properties. The possible involvement of AsA in the regulation of hormone synthesis and in the epigenetic control of gene expression opens new directions to further research. In recent years, seed priming with AsA has been successfully used as a strategy to improve germination and plant productivity. Beneficial effects of seed AsA priming could be observed in several crop species, but the underlying molecular mechanism(s) are still unclear. The available evidence suggests that AsA priming induces a wide range of coordinated responses allowing primed seeds to overcome adverse environmental conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study examined the physicochemical, antioxidant, and antimicrobial properties of three medicinal plants: thyme (Thymus callieri Borbás ex Velen), cotton thistle (Onopordum acanthium L.), and hawthorn fruit (Crataegus monogyna Jacq.) from the Western Rhodope Mountains, Bulgaria. The first stage determined the physicochemical characteristics (moisture, ash, carbohydrates, proteins, and vitamin C) of the three herbs. The second stage investigated four types of extracts (aqueous, oil, methanolic, and ethanolic) of each herb and evaluated their total phenolic content, the presence of phenolic compounds (flavonoids and phenolic acids), their antioxidant activity, and antimicrobial properties. Thyme was characterised by the highest ash, protein, and vitamin C content (6.62%, 11.30%, and 571 mg/100 g, respectively). Hawthorn fruit showed the highest moisture and carbohydrate content (8.50% and 4.20%, respectively). The 70% ethanolic extracts of the three herbs exhibited the highest levels of phenolic compounds and, consequently, pronounced antioxidant activity, compared to the other three types of extracts. The aqueous, oil, methanolic, and ethanolic thyme extracts demonstrated the highest total phenolic content—TPC (27.20 mg GAE/g, 8.20 mg GAE/g, 31.70 mg GAE/g, and 310.00 mg GAE/g, respectively), compared to the extracts of the other two plants. These results were consistent with the highest antioxidant activity of the thyme extracts determined using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging assay, the oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) assay, and the hydroxyl radical averting capacity (HORAC) assay (except for the oil extract examined using the DPPH method). The results from the high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis revealed that the flavonoid quercetin-3-ß-glucoside had the highest concentration in thyme (374.5 mg/100 g), while myricetin dominated in the cotton thistle (152.3 mg/100 g). The phenolic acid content analysis showed prevalence of rosmaric acid in the thyme (995 mg/100 g), whereas chlorogenic acid was detected in the highest concentration in the cotton thistle and hawthorn fruit (324 mg/100 g and 27.7 mg/100 g, respectively). The aqueous, methanolic, and ethanolic extracts showed moderate to high antibacterial potential but limited antifungal activity. None of the oil extracts inhibited the test microorganisms used in the study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The multipurpose tree Diploknema butyracea (Roxb. H.J. Lam), known locally as chiuri, is vital for food security and beekeeping in rural Nepal. This study examines its nutritional and phytochemical traits sourced from a Chepang community in Makwanpur, Nepal. This research focuses on macronutrients like carbohydrates, protein, fat, and ash alongside phytochemicals such as phenolic content, vitamin C, β-carotene, and lycopene. The study aimed to estimate this fruit's antimicrobial and antioxidant characteristics. The pulp and seed samples were analyzed for their nutritional and phytochemical components using standard methods (AOAC 1995). We determined the antioxidant and antimicrobial activity using the DPPH assay and agar diffusion method respectively. This fruit has a high-fat content: 30.29% in the seed and 20.23% in the pulp. The pulp and seed also contain noteworthy levels of the total phenolic content (486.08 ± 0.006 and 182. 26 ± 0.001 mg Gallic Acid Equivalent (GAEs) /100 g), vitamin C (20.70 ± 0.002 and 19.08 ± 0.005 mg Ascorbic Acid (AA)/100 g) with trace extents of compounds lycopene, β-carotene and carotenoids. We observed the antioxidant activity at 2207 ± 0.01 g/mL in pulp and 1841.05 ± 0.77 g/mL in seed, which is a substantial value. Both were discovered to be effective against Candida albicans at doses ranging from 25 to 100 mg/mL. By performing this study, we concluded that D. butyracea is a significant food source that can also be used medically. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Materials like carbamide peroxide or hydrogen peroxide are commonly used for vital teeth bleaching. However, there have been concerns regarding their effect on composite-to-bleached enamel bonding strength. The study investigated the impact of organic and antioxidant agents on composite bond strength in bleached enamel with different dental adhesive solvents. Human third molar teeth were sectioned into buccal and lingual halves. The two main adhesive solvent groups evaluated were acetone and alcohol. Each main group was divided into six groups. The positive control group received no bleaching, the negative control group consisted of bleaching with no surface deoxidization; and other experimental categories involved post-bleach treatments with 95% ethanol, sodium ascorbate (10%), acetone solution, or sodium fluoride solution (1.1%). Following the surface treatment and enamel bonding procedure, nano-hybrid composite cylinders measuring 3 × 2 mm were directly cured over the bleached enamel substrate. The shear bond test was performed after 24-h storage and 12,000 thermocycles on a universal testing machine. In this study, one-way ANOVA was used along with Tukey's HSD tests at a significance level of 0.05. The negative control groups showed significantly lower bond strength than the positive control group. Ethanol surface treatment had superior mean bonding strength in acetone and alcohol-based adhesive solvent groups. The utilization of sodium ascorbate for surface treatment resulted in a significant enhancement of adhesion between the composite material and bleached enamel surface. Sodium fluoride application showed no significant recovery in shear bond strength in both dental adhesive groups. It was concluded that hydrogen peroxide severely compromised the immediate bond strength of composite resin. Surface treatment of bleached enamel with ethanol, sodium ascorbate, and acetone solutions is an effective option for restoring bond strength. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The term 'vitamin C' describes a group of compounds with antiscorbutic activity of l -ascorbic acid (AA). Despite AA's omnipresence in plant-derived foods, its derivatives have also been successfully implemented in the food industry as antioxidants, including the D-isomers, which lack vitamin C activity. This study aimed to determine the relationship between redox-related activities for five derivatives of AA using electrochemical, chemical, and biological approaches. Here we report that AA, C-vitamers, and other commonly consumed AA derivatives differ in their redox-related activities. As long as the physiological range of concentrations was maintained, there was no simple relationship between their redox properties and biological activity. Clear distinctions in antioxidant activity were observed mostly at high concentrations, which were strongly correlated with electrochemical and kinetic parameters describing redox-related properties of the studied compounds. Despite obvious similarities in chemical structures and antioxidant activity, we showed that C-vitamers may exhibit different nutrigenomic effects. Together, our findings provide a deeper insight into so far underinvestigated area combining chemical properties with biological activities of commonly applied AA derivatives. [Display omitted] • Electrochemical parameters were strongly correlated with redox reaction kinetics. • Distinct CAA was revealed only at 500–1000 μM concentrations of AA derivatives. • Chemical properties were strongly correlated with CAA at 200–500 μM concentrations. • CaA was the most powerful antioxidant among AA derivatives. • AA and CaA exhibited different nutrigenomic effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Peroxidation during organism growth and development might have catastrophic implications. It is critical to further investigate the antioxidant potential of plant anthocyanins. In this study, anthocyanins from Eleutherococcus brachypus fruits (EBF) were extracted by an ultrasonic-assisted method. The anthocyanins were then tested for stability under various storage conditions. Based on single-factor combination with response surface optimization, the best ethanol concentration for anthocyanin extraction was 75%, the ideal ultrasonic irradiation power was 160 W, the liquid-to-solid ratio was 10.18 mL/g, and the maximum anthocyanin yield was 1.86 mg/g. Anthocyanins are readily degraded by bright light and remain stable under acidic storage conditions (pH 3.0) and at temperatures below 60°C. The inhibition rates of anthocyanins against ABTS and DPPH radicals were 54.59% and 48.70%, respectively, using vitamin C (Vc) as a positive control. The data cited above make it clear that anthocyanins may act as natural antioxidants. In addition, this research provides a sound theoretical foundation for the creation of natural green antioxidants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ergothioneine, a natural derivative of histidine with a thiol/thine tautomeric structure, exhibits exceptional antioxidant properties and inhibition activities on tyrosinase. In this study, enzyme kinetics experiments and chromatographic spectral analysis revealed that ergothioneine inhibited tyrosinase in a reversible and non-competitive manner, with an inhibition constant of 0.554 mg/mL (2.41 mM). As the concentration of ergothioneine increased, the extremely flexible loop structure of tyrosinase extended from 40.1 % to 41.0 %, effectively covering the active center or binding site. Theoretical molecular docking simulation results show that ergothioneine forms complexes with tyrosinase through hydrogen bonding and salt bridges in the active center of Cu ions. Additionally, it was observed that ergothioneine's antioxidant had a stronger reducing impact on dopaquinone, an intermediate in melanin production, than the effect of ascorbic acid at an equivalent concentration (0.5 mg/mL). Ergothioneine reduced the intracellular reactive oxygen species to lower levels than the control group without UVA radiation and regulated the proliferation and differentiation in B16–F10 melanocytes. Clinical trials have shown that a 0.1 % concentration of ergothioneine can effectively suppress melanin production in irradiated skin. The significant reduction in melanin index and an increase in the individual type angle (ITA°) degree were measured after 4 weeks. These results collectively suggest that ergothioneine may be a promising inhibitor of natural antioxidant tyrosinase. Furthermore, due to its safety and efficacy, ergothioneine could be considered one of the bioactive substances for further study on diseases related to melanin production and tyrosinase activity which is of great significance for the cosmetics, medicine and food industries. • The natural antioxidant ergothioneine exhibits an efficient inhibitory effect on melanin production. • Spectroscopic and chromatographic results confirmed the effects of ergothioneine on tyrosinase and l -DOPA. • The correlation between the antioxidant activity and tyrosinase activity of ergothioneine was demonstrated. • Using fluorescence microscopy, we observed a relative reduction in melanin production in B16–F10 cells. • A certain whitening effect on the human back was confirmed by the application of 0.1 % ergothioneine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Phototoxicity is an important issue in fluorescence live imaging of light-sensitive cellular processes such as mitosis. Among several approaches to reduce phototoxicity, the addition of antioxidants to the media has been used as a simple method. Here, we analyzed the impact of phototoxicity on the mitotic progression in fluorescence live imaging of human cells and performed a screen to identify the most efficient antioxidative agents that reduce it. Quantitative analysis shows that high amounts of light illumination cause various mitotic defects such as prolonged mitosis and delays of chromosome alignment and centrosome separation. Among several antioxidants, our screen reveals that ascorbic acid significantly alleviates these phototoxic effects in mitosis. Furthermore, we demonstrate that adding ascorbic acid to the media enables fluorescence imaging of mitotic events at very high temporal resolution without obvious photodamage. Thus, this study provides an optimal method to effectively reduce the phototoxic effects in fluorescence live cell imaging. Ascorbic acid alleviates phototoxic effects of fluorescence live imaging in mitosis, allowing for very high temporal resolution without photodamage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Antioxidants reduce arterial stiffness, but the effects previously reported are weak. A systematic review of the antioxidants vitamin E, vitamin C, vitamin A, and beta-carotenes (the most commonly studied antioxidants) on pulse wave velocity (PWV) found an effect size of only −0.20 (approximately −16 m/s or −2.5%). Studies in rats of the potent pro-oxidant substance acetaldehyde have shown that combinations of sulfur-containing antioxidants, including thiamine and l-cysteine, with ascorbic acid potently protect against oxidative-stress-mediated mortality. The effects of these combinations of oxidants on PWV have not been studied. The present study evaluated the effects of 2 weeks of therapy with a combination of sulfur-containing antioxidants (cysteine, thiamine, and pyridoxine) in combination with ascorbic acid on stiffness index (SI), a measure of arterial stiffness that is strongly correlated with PWV, using a Pulse Trace recorder in a diverse group of 78 volunteers. SI fell by −1.7 m/s relative to placebo (95% confidence intervals −0.6 to −2.7 m/s), a reduction of −19% (95% confidence intervals −9% to −31%). The Glass effect size was 1.4, indicating a very strong treatment effect which was substantially greater than the effect size found in previous studies of antioxidants. PWV reduction was correlated significantly with increasing age. Further studies of similar antioxidant combinations are required to determine whether they are of value in the treatment or prevention of cardiovascular disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]